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Market Distortions and Political Rent: The Case of Fertilizer Price
Market Distortions and Political Rent: The Case of Fertilizer Price

... On the average, external trade accounts close to one-third of GDP in Africa and has been rising over time (UNCTAD, 2013). In some countries this ratio is substantially large, exceeding 85 percent 1. Its contribution to government revenue as well is very significant. In the political climate that pre ...
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read... - Solidarity Movement for a New Ethiopia

... to rationally allocate the scarce resources. With such a belief system, the economy will be abused by political pressure groups, such as his regional surrogates and political cadres. Unfortunately, markets don’t like coercion, and such interference in the market system will be replete of shortages ...
BOZ READER Special 2014B
BOZ READER Special 2014B

... Oxford's Centre for the Study of African Economies. The Book was a reflection on economic policy in Zambia, and the current challenges that policy makers faced. It covers a broad range of topics including fiscal and monetary policy, financial stability and governance issues. The authors of the book ...
People’s Republic of China—Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: 2007 Article... Consultation—Staff Report; and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board
People’s Republic of China—Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: 2007 Article... Consultation—Staff Report; and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board

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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT DETERMINES EUROPEAN REAL EXCHANGE RATES? Martin Berka
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT DETERMINES EUROPEAN REAL EXCHANGE RATES? Martin Berka

... those of the main data-set. Crucini and Telmer (2007) using EIU data on city prices find that crosssectional variance in long-run absolute deviations from LOP is large relative to time-series variance and time series variance in changes in LOP deviations is dominated by idiosyncratic variation, rathe ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT DETERMINES EUROPEAN REAL EXCHANGE RATES? Martin Berka
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHAT DETERMINES EUROPEAN REAL EXCHANGE RATES? Martin Berka

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Problems of Using Technical and Fractal Analysis on FOREX
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... I Entry: FOREX is one of the most remarkable markets not for the only generation in many countries all over the world. It is characterized by many advantages such as: suitable conditions and wide possibilities. Many financial organizations, funds, commercial and central banks, and sole proprietorshi ...
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... Trujillo-Barrera et al. (2012) showed that historical maize volatility of daily percentage price changes were below 25% before 2006 and since then have increased to over 40% up to 2011. As a result, the literature has resumed its interest in the causal links between agricultural commodity and energ ...
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... hace la literatura entre regímenes de flexible inflation targeting y pure inflation targeting. Los pure inflation targeting son esencialmente los países industriales que no se preocupan por el tipo de cambio y adoptan entonces un inflation targeting puro en el sentido que no intervienen en el mercad ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research

... Analyses of the foreign sector in actual economic development experience, however, usually have had definite limitations. In many cases the importance of quantitative restrictions in the foreign sector regime has been disregarded or understated. Historical perspective often has been lacking. Too fre ...
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... gradually adopting fixed peg against a composite currency (i.e., nominal exchange rate targeting) for Morocco and a crawling peg (i.e., real exchange rate targeting) for Tunisia. Also, they have so far judiciously used discretionary (fiscal and monetary) and indirect (incomes) policies to maintain p ...
agriculture and the wto
agriculture and the wto

... (Bhagwati 1978). This requires controls by the government on current account transfers. In the past it was common for exporters to be required to surrender their foreign currency earnings to the central bank for exchange to local currency at a low official rate, which is equivalent to a tax on expor ...
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original article in English

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Portfolio-Flow Volatility and Demand for International Resemes
Portfolio-Flow Volatility and Demand for International Resemes

... studies on reserve holdings have added other determinants or used new measures of the explanatory variables employed in the previous studies (Lane and Burke 2001; Aizenman and Marion 2002, 2004; Flood and Marion 2002). L,ane and Burke(2001) use a large number of potential determinants of reserves in ...
Trade Network Centrality and Currency Risk Premia
Trade Network Centrality and Currency Risk Premia

... using observed trade data. As predicted, a 1 standard deviation increase in a country’s centrality lowers its annualized currency risk premia by 0.9% and its interest rate differential by 1.6%, relative to the U.S. This is a large effect given that the cross-sectional standard deviation of average ris ...
Country Report
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... The spread of satisfaction and the sense of inequality among state employees fueled an uprising in the early 2011 in protest against the deteriorations of living and economic conditions. As the result, President Mubarak regime collapsed and Egypt economy entered dark tunnel and its growth held back ...
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PDF:321KB

... exported $112 billion of these goods to East Asia. This is more than the sum of China’s and South Korea’s capital exports to East Asia. For specialized machinery such as semiconductor manufacturing machinery and industrial robots (ISIC code 2929), Japan exported $26.5 billion to East Asia in 2011. T ...
Border Tax Adjustments: Assessing Risks and Rewards
Border Tax Adjustments: Assessing Risks and Rewards

... See “Trump and Ryan are right to tackle corporate taxes. But their approach would do harm,” Washington Post, January 8, 2017, www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-and-ryan-areright-to-tackle-corporate-taxes-but-their-approach-would-doharm/2017/01/08/e7abd204-d429-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_ story.html? ...
6 Global Conference on Business & Economics     ...
6 Global Conference on Business & Economics ...

... stock prices. Mukherjee and Naka (1995) and Wongbangpo and Sharma (2002) among others, indicate that both exchange rate levels and changes affect the performance of a stock market. For an export dominated country, Mukherjee and Naka (1995) suggest that currency depreciation will have a favorable imp ...
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Currency intervention

Currency intervention, also known as foreign exchange market intervention, or currency manipulation, occurs when a government buys or sells foreign currency to push the exchange rate of its own currency away from equilibrium value or to prevent the exchange rate from moving toward its equilibrium value.Generally, central banks intervene in foreign exchange markets in order to achieve a variety of overall economic objectives: controlling inflation, maintaining competitiveness, or maintaining financial stability. The precise objectives of policy and how they are reflected in currency manipulation depend on a number of factors, including the stage of a country’s development, the degree of financial market development and integration, and the country’s overall vulnerability to shocks.
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