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Ecology Class Notes
Ecology Class Notes

... Community Interactions • Competition- when organisms of same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place and at the same time. • Resource- necessity of life • Competitive Exclusion PrincipalNo two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same tim ...
! Student Worksheet Food Chains and Webs Creating Chains and
! Student Worksheet Food Chains and Webs Creating Chains and

... All food chains start with a producer such as a plant, which converts light energy from the sun into a more useable chemical energy that is transferred to herbivores and then to carnivores. You will receive a set of cards that depict some common animals, plant types, and ecological forces or disturb ...
Unit 2: Ecology
Unit 2: Ecology

... c) Community: made up of several populations of species. d) Ecosystem: is made up of the interactions among the populations and their abiotic influences in the community. e) Biome: large group of ecosystems that are grouped according to their climates. f) Biosphere: larger portions of the earth that ...
Ecology Unit Study Guide Levels of organization Organism
Ecology Unit Study Guide Levels of organization Organism

... Symbiosis: organisms of DIFFERENT species that live in a very close relationship. At least one member benefits from the relationship Mutualism: both species receive a benefit Parasitism: one benefits (parasite) the other is harmed (host) Predator/Prey: one organisms uses another for food. The predat ...
Food Webs Augmented With Additional Data: Structure and Dynamics
Food Webs Augmented With Additional Data: Structure and Dynamics

... Tuesday Lake, these models produced webs with non-normal link length distributions • M,N structure of food webs interacts with the network structure • M,N structure illuminates network structure15 ...
Ecosystem
Ecosystem

... This progression of the replacement of species over time is known as succession. Energy Flow in ecosystems Ecologists study how energy moves through an ecosystem by assigning organisms in that ecosystem to a specific level or trophic level based on the organisms source of energy Energy flow in ecosy ...
6.1-MB-EE-relationships.review.extraeco
6.1-MB-EE-relationships.review.extraeco

... Carnivores- eat animals Omnivores- eat both plants and animals Detritivores- eat dead matter (plants and animals) ...
Animal Interactions
Animal Interactions

... • A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Community Community Population Population Organism Organism ...
09.02.05 Interactions FIB_student
09.02.05 Interactions FIB_student

... habitat •____________ a community including the physical aspects of its habitat (soil, water, weather) Habitat: Example- The habitat for a ________ is a _________ Community: Example- A ________ bat, ________ bat, worms and _________ are apart of a community Ecosystem: Example- Loose soil, moderate _ ...
Ecology HARDCOPY - New Hartford Central Schools
Ecology HARDCOPY - New Hartford Central Schools

... Photosynthesis ...
Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization

... • Omnivores- eat both plants and animals ...
Lesson 5.3 Ecological Communities
Lesson 5.3 Ecological Communities

... waste, while a decomposer breaks down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can be taken up by producers. ...
ch 2 jeopardy
ch 2 jeopardy

... To explain and show how the amount of living material at each trophic level of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of __________________ ...
ecosystem - Cloudfront.net
ecosystem - Cloudfront.net

... • A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Community Community Population Population Organism Organism ...
The Biosphere and its Biomes
The Biosphere and its Biomes

...  Info poster for each of the 5 habitats (what will be included at the beginning of each biome) ...
Bio112_PracticeFinalF16
Bio112_PracticeFinalF16

... 40. Ecologists assign every type of organism in an ecosystem to a feeding level or ____________________. 41. Carbon cycles through the biosphere and depends on the process of ____________________ and ____________________. 42. ____________________ from the sun is captured, converted into chemical ene ...
Ecological Relationships
Ecological Relationships

... Taking samples of an ecosystem ...
File - Brickell Academy Life Science
File - Brickell Academy Life Science

... diverse = more stable if there is a change. Heterotrophs that get their energy from breaking down dead things. Examples: bacteria and fungus. As organisms are consumed, energy is transferred; however, only about 10% of the energy is able to be used the consuming organism. There is a balance in all e ...
Food Chains Webs and Energy Pyramids Ppt
Food Chains Webs and Energy Pyramids Ppt

... chains, including the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. • In 5th grade you identified the roles of organisms as they interacted and depended on one another through food chains and food webs in an ecosystem. • You learned a lot in 5th grade. Let’s review what you learned. ...
Ecosystem Pyramid - Effingham County Schools
Ecosystem Pyramid - Effingham County Schools

... ❧At each trophic level: ❧ 90% of energy from food is used for life functions (ex: movement, growth, reproduction, homeostasis) ❧ Some energy is lost as heat ❧ Remaining 10% energy becomes part of organism’s body & is available to next trophic level ...
The study of interactions among organisms & their environment
The study of interactions among organisms & their environment

... • Largest number of individuals of a species that an environment can support & maintain for a long period of time. ...
Notes
Notes

... nutrients made by autotrophs is passed on to heterotrophs, and only a small amount is passed to each succeeding consumer; much energy is used at each level for cellular respiration and much is lost as heat. Ecosystems are dependent on a continual supply of solar energy. The laws of thermodynamics su ...
Ecology Notes - Biloxi Public Schools
Ecology Notes - Biloxi Public Schools

...  the chemical such as DDT or other pollutants move up to higher levels in the chain or web  DDT is linked to the fragileness of eagle eggs producers  makes its own food using  plants, many algae, and some bacteria (autotroph or photosynthesis  most producers use the sun and contain autotrophic) ...
ECOLOGY PART I
ECOLOGY PART I

... • Termites and digestive organisms • Cows and digestive organisms • Lichens (algae and fungal cells) • Peas, clover, alfalfa (legumes) have nodules of bacteria on their roots that convert nitrogen gas into nitrogen in the soil that can be absorbed by the plants The alga provides food for the fungus, ...
Chapter 3 The Biosphere & 4.2 What shapes an Ecosystem
Chapter 3 The Biosphere & 4.2 What shapes an Ecosystem

... N-fixing-bacteria (on legume root) turn N2 into ammonia (useable by plants) ...
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Food web



A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.
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