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Ecology Keynote (BIO)2016 copy 2
Ecology Keynote (BIO)2016 copy 2

... energy from the previous level is passed on to the next level, so each level contains about 90% less energy than the level below it -most of the energy that is lost is in the form of “heat” Energy pyramid = is a diagram with each trophic level shown as blocks stacked on top of each other, with the l ...
Food Chains/Webs
Food Chains/Webs

... representing feeding relationships in a food chain Energy is lost at each stage in the food chain ...
Unit 6: Ecology
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... Chemosynthesis: producers that use chemical energy to produce food (sugars and startches). Heterotrophy: organisms that rely on other organisms to supply them with food energy. Consumer: same as heterotrophy. Herbivore: eat plants only. Carnivore: eats other animals. Omnivore: eats both plants and ...
Eco- Definitions Answers
Eco- Definitions Answers

... Photosynthesis is a vital process among photoautotrophs, like plants, algae and some bacteria that are able to create their own food directly from inorganic compounds using light energy so that they do not have to eat or rely on nutrients derived from other living organisms. Photosynthesis occurs in ...
Biology Objective 3
Biology Objective 3

... When testing an hypothesis, there should be only one variable changed at a time. If this is not possible, then all possible reasons for an outcome need to be considered. In this case, carbon dioxide can be produced by chemical reactions other than cellular respiration, which is a biotic process. Tha ...
Who Wants to be a Millionaire? The Science Edition – Chapter 4
Who Wants to be a Millionaire? The Science Edition – Chapter 4

... kind of environment it needs to live in are both factors that help determine that species’ ________. ...
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... nutrients made by autotrophs is passed on to heterotrophs, and only a small amount is passed to each succeeding consumer; much energy is used at each level for cellular respiration and much is lost as heat. Ecosystems are dependent on a continual supply of solar energy. The laws of thermodynamics su ...
Ecology and Ecosystems Vocabulary
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... • A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or web; 3 types: energy, biomass, and pyramids of numbers • The energy/biomass starts at 100% for the producers with only about 10 percent of that energy transfers to organisms at the ...
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... and coral reefs where abundant nutrients, light and heat stimulate growth. Energy Transfers and Ecological Pyramids ...
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... Which of these consumers is an herbivore? (circle one ) Lion, deer, or spider If a kestrel eats a mouse that eats grass, the kestrel is a _______________________________________________________. The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) ___________________________________________ ...
CH 42 Ecosystems and Energy
CH 42 Ecosystems and Energy

... 3. Besides the energy flow that you described in question 2, chemicals such as carbon and nitrogen cycle through ecosystems. So energy ______________through an ecosystem and matter ______________. Concept 42.1 Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems 4. Both energy and mat ...
Ecology
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... niche--Asian carp in Mississippi R. and our fish, humans and every other species on Earth. – Character displacement: make a species modify or change it’s niche-- raccoons in your garbage. • Niches can be fundamental (preferred--what you want), or realized (what you get). ...
Ecology - Berrybio
Ecology - Berrybio

... Energy in Food Chains and Webs ...
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... one and other, and the non-living environment (sunlight, water, soils, etc…) • The interactions of organisms and the cycling of materials within an ecosystem can be shown through food chains and food webs. • Organisms may be classified as producer or consumer depending on their roll in the ecosystem ...
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... 6. In a predator/prey relationship, the predator needs the prey to die in order to get food. This is in contrast to a parasitistic relationship where the parasite needs the host to stay alive so that it can live. 7. Know the definitions of the three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, comme ...
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... Organisms that feed on dead or decaying plants or animals break them down into simpler molecules and return them to the soil. ...
Ecology - Fort Bend ISD
Ecology - Fort Bend ISD

... • Producers - Plants capture the sun’s energy and store it in food • Primary Consumers (herbivores) - Animals that receive their energy directly from plants • Secondary Consumers (carnivores) Consumers that feed on primary consumers • Energy flows from the sun to the producer, then to the primary co ...
Chapter 4 Summary
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... photosynthesis. Some producers carry out chemosynthesis. All other organisms in an ecosystem are consumers or heterotrophs. Omnivores feed on both plants and animals while decomposers or detritivores eat detritus. Matter recycling and one-way energy flows ensure that there is little or no waste in n ...
Ecosystems - mrhodges.net
Ecosystems - mrhodges.net

... A food chain is a way of showing the relationships that exist between animals, plants and micro organisms. Each step along the way is called a trophic level. One thing to keep in mind is that only 10% of the energy from gets transferred from one trophic level to the next. The other 90% is used by th ...
Energy Pyramid
Energy Pyramid

... immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers = Algal Bloom  disrupts the equilibrium of an ecosystem- decomposition causes all aquatic life to die. ...
Biology: Chapters 3-4
Biology: Chapters 3-4

... steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating & being eaten shows a one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem food web: links food chains ...
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food chain

... An ecological niche is the sum of an organism’s use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment.  Interspecific competition occurs when the niches of two populations overlap.  Competition lowers the carrying capacity of competing populations because the resources used by one population ...
Ecology Review Sheet Answers
Ecology Review Sheet Answers

... 21. Explain what is wrong with the following statement: “Both matter and energy can be cycled through an ecosystem many times” Matter is reused again and again in an ecosystem (the atoms in your last meal might have once been part of a dinosaur), but energy can only flow in one direction (usually fr ...
Ch 3 Notes - The Biosphere (2012
Ch 3 Notes - The Biosphere (2012

... • When one organism eats another, energy is lost. Where does this energy go? ...
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Food web



A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.
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