UNIT ONE: Ecology Page 1 Chapter 2 Title: BIG IDEA: is required to
... A. Ecology - the scientific ______________________ in which the relationships among _________________ organisms and the ____________________________ the ______________________ have with their __________________________ are studied. Scientist who study ecology are called ____________________. They ob ...
... A. Ecology - the scientific ______________________ in which the relationships among _________________ organisms and the ____________________________ the ______________________ have with their __________________________ are studied. Scientist who study ecology are called ____________________. They ob ...
Ecosystems, Food Chains and Webs
... • Humans clear rainforest for land to grow crops and raise livestock Wetlands are sometimes drained, and filled to be used for farms, business, and houses. ...
... • Humans clear rainforest for land to grow crops and raise livestock Wetlands are sometimes drained, and filled to be used for farms, business, and houses. ...
Objective 3 Ecosystem and Interaction Energy Transfer 1
... 6. Natural Disasters: Fire, hurricanes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions can devastate biological communities. Principle of Allocation: Each organism has a limited, finite amount of total energy that can be allocated for growth, reproducing, obtaining nutrients, escaping predators and coping with enviro ...
... 6. Natural Disasters: Fire, hurricanes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions can devastate biological communities. Principle of Allocation: Each organism has a limited, finite amount of total energy that can be allocated for growth, reproducing, obtaining nutrients, escaping predators and coping with enviro ...
A Local Ecosystem
... alive. In ecosystems the initial source of energy is light from the sun. This is used by plants during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates. Organisms (i.e. plants) that can manufacture their own food from inorganic materials are called autotrophs. ...
... alive. In ecosystems the initial source of energy is light from the sun. This is used by plants during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates. Organisms (i.e. plants) that can manufacture their own food from inorganic materials are called autotrophs. ...
Food Chains
... Energy Flow and Energy Loss in Ecosystems: Food Pyramids (continued) • Food pyramids are also known as ecological pyramids. Ecological pyramids may show biomass, population, or energy numbers. The amount of life an ecosystem can contain is based on the bottom level of the ecological pyramid, wh ...
... Energy Flow and Energy Loss in Ecosystems: Food Pyramids (continued) • Food pyramids are also known as ecological pyramids. Ecological pyramids may show biomass, population, or energy numbers. The amount of life an ecosystem can contain is based on the bottom level of the ecological pyramid, wh ...
FOOD CHAIN
... In a grazing web, materials typically pass from plants to plant eaters (herbivores) to flesh eaters (carnivores) ...
... In a grazing web, materials typically pass from plants to plant eaters (herbivores) to flesh eaters (carnivores) ...
Ch 13 lecture notes
... Decomposers: break down organic material at the microscopic level and recycle nutrients, feed on detritus (dead material) (i.e. fungi, worms, bacteria) Animation The_Food_Chain__Predators_and_Prey Transfer of Energy Capture of sun energy transfer through different trophic levels. Capture of essentia ...
... Decomposers: break down organic material at the microscopic level and recycle nutrients, feed on detritus (dead material) (i.e. fungi, worms, bacteria) Animation The_Food_Chain__Predators_and_Prey Transfer of Energy Capture of sun energy transfer through different trophic levels. Capture of essentia ...
204FinalSG_AA_W05
... - In the barnacle example, are you saying that Balanus is better suited to the environment and that if desiccation was not a problem at the higher water level, they would force out the Chthamalus? - Assuming two species occupy the same ecological niche, why couldn’t they both co-exist assuming they ...
... - In the barnacle example, are you saying that Balanus is better suited to the environment and that if desiccation was not a problem at the higher water level, they would force out the Chthamalus? - Assuming two species occupy the same ecological niche, why couldn’t they both co-exist assuming they ...
EndofUnitTestReviewA.. - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... be converted by nitrifying bacteria back into nitrates, which can be absorbed by plants that use nitrogen in this form. Because this fertilizer contributes to natural recycling, it does not release excess nitrates into the soil or adjacent waterways, as artificial fertilizers do. An organic farmer w ...
... be converted by nitrifying bacteria back into nitrates, which can be absorbed by plants that use nitrogen in this form. Because this fertilizer contributes to natural recycling, it does not release excess nitrates into the soil or adjacent waterways, as artificial fertilizers do. An organic farmer w ...
Marine productivity, plankton, and food webs First, classification
... Mangrove and kelp distribution ...
... Mangrove and kelp distribution ...
Ecosystems and the Biosphere
... All organisms need energy to carry out essential functions – growth, movement, maintenance, repair, and reproduction In ecosystems, energy flows from sun to autotrophs to organisms that eat autotrophs to organisms that feed on other organisms. Amount of energy ecosystem receives and the amount ...
... All organisms need energy to carry out essential functions – growth, movement, maintenance, repair, and reproduction In ecosystems, energy flows from sun to autotrophs to organisms that eat autotrophs to organisms that feed on other organisms. Amount of energy ecosystem receives and the amount ...
Chapter 3: The Biosphere
... 1. Food Chain – energy trapped by producers passed on when organisms eat and are eaten 2. Food Web – relationship more complex than a chain ...
... 1. Food Chain – energy trapped by producers passed on when organisms eat and are eaten 2. Food Web – relationship more complex than a chain ...
Food Web Background
... At the bottom of a food web are producers, or autotrophs, which produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as trees and shrubs. Consumers, or heterotrophs, are those organisms that cannot make their own food, and therefore must eat producers or other consumers to gain energy (e.g. birds and ...
... At the bottom of a food web are producers, or autotrophs, which produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as trees and shrubs. Consumers, or heterotrophs, are those organisms that cannot make their own food, and therefore must eat producers or other consumers to gain energy (e.g. birds and ...
ECOLOGY
... • Food chains: a specific energy pathway • Food webs: complex energy interactions found in an ecosystem. Energy pyramids: representation of the total energy available to a trophic level. ...
... • Food chains: a specific energy pathway • Food webs: complex energy interactions found in an ecosystem. Energy pyramids: representation of the total energy available to a trophic level. ...
Energy ppt
... The energy flow from one trophic level to the other can be displayed as a food chain 2. A food chain is simple, direct, and linear. 3. It is a single pathway of feeding relationships. 4. It involves one organism at each trophic level a. Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers); herbivores b. S ...
... The energy flow from one trophic level to the other can be displayed as a food chain 2. A food chain is simple, direct, and linear. 3. It is a single pathway of feeding relationships. 4. It involves one organism at each trophic level a. Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers); herbivores b. S ...
How can we use this knowledge?
... Food chains with strong interactions are susceptible to strong “cascade” effects ...
... Food chains with strong interactions are susceptible to strong “cascade” effects ...
Powerpoint
... 2. Ecological pyramids C. Ecological efficiency of energy transfer 1. The arithmetic 2. Controls on Trophic Efficiencies a. Consumption b. Assimilation c. Production D. Ecosystem consequences 1. Food chain length 2. Top-down vs. bottom-up control of production 3. Herbivory effects on nutrient cyclin ...
... 2. Ecological pyramids C. Ecological efficiency of energy transfer 1. The arithmetic 2. Controls on Trophic Efficiencies a. Consumption b. Assimilation c. Production D. Ecosystem consequences 1. Food chain length 2. Top-down vs. bottom-up control of production 3. Herbivory effects on nutrient cyclin ...
Matcuk-Grischow Biology 2014-09-01
... • Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food chains, food webs, energy pyramids). • Describe biotic interactions in an ecosystem (e.g., competition, predation, symbiosis). • Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen ...
... • Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food chains, food webs, energy pyramids). • Describe biotic interactions in an ecosystem (e.g., competition, predation, symbiosis). • Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
... supports the deciduous forest.) Explain climate and weather patterns associated with certain geographic locations and features (e.g., tornado alley, tropical hurricanes and lake effect snow). Describe how matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization in living systems and b ...
... supports the deciduous forest.) Explain climate and weather patterns associated with certain geographic locations and features (e.g., tornado alley, tropical hurricanes and lake effect snow). Describe how matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization in living systems and b ...
Ecology
... and eat only other animals. – Scavengers- animals that do not kill for food; instead they eat animals that have already ...
... and eat only other animals. – Scavengers- animals that do not kill for food; instead they eat animals that have already ...
Just proportions in food webs
... McNaughton cl 111. show that thc biomass, consutnption and nct secondary productivity (NSP) of herbivores ;Ire all rel;~tcdto the net abovc-ground primary productivity (NAP)of a natural habitat by simplc powcr laws. Particularly striking is that the exponent of the power law that relalcs NSP to NAP ...
... McNaughton cl 111. show that thc biomass, consutnption and nct secondary productivity (NSP) of herbivores ;Ire all rel;~tcdto the net abovc-ground primary productivity (NAP)of a natural habitat by simplc powcr laws. Particularly striking is that the exponent of the power law that relalcs NSP to NAP ...
Name
... 1. The biosphere contains ___________________________________________. 2. The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms is called _______________. 3. One rabbit is an example of a ___________ (species/population/community). 4. A group of the same rabbits living in the same area is ...
... 1. The biosphere contains ___________________________________________. 2. The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms is called _______________. 3. One rabbit is an example of a ___________ (species/population/community). 4. A group of the same rabbits living in the same area is ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.