Biology Objective 3
... Food webs attempt to show all the feeding relationships in a community. The direction of the arrows shows the direction of energy flow. At the bottom of every web and every chain is a plant. These are the only things that can turn sunshine into food. ...
... Food webs attempt to show all the feeding relationships in a community. The direction of the arrows shows the direction of energy flow. At the bottom of every web and every chain is a plant. These are the only things that can turn sunshine into food. ...
Lecture Notes - GEOCITIES.ws
... (recently dead, fallen leaves; animal waste) - Scavengers (vultures, hyenas) - Decomposers – Break down complex molecules in dead organic matter into smaller molecules (fungi, bacteria) ...
... (recently dead, fallen leaves; animal waste) - Scavengers (vultures, hyenas) - Decomposers – Break down complex molecules in dead organic matter into smaller molecules (fungi, bacteria) ...
Relationships Among Organisms and Energy Flow
... fluctuate at a predictable rate – The supply of resources fluctuates at a predictable rate – Energy flows through the ecosystem at a fairly constant rate ...
... fluctuate at a predictable rate – The supply of resources fluctuates at a predictable rate – Energy flows through the ecosystem at a fairly constant rate ...
ch 13 principle of ecology 1011
... • Trophic levels are the nourishment levels in a food chain. – Primary consumers are herbivores that eat producers. (2nd Trophic Level) – Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat herbivores. (3rd Trophic Level) – Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat secondary consumers. (4th Trophic Level) ...
... • Trophic levels are the nourishment levels in a food chain. – Primary consumers are herbivores that eat producers. (2nd Trophic Level) – Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat herbivores. (3rd Trophic Level) – Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat secondary consumers. (4th Trophic Level) ...
Chapter 16
... Food chains are a simple food path involving a sequence of organisms, each of which is the food for the next. ...
... Food chains are a simple food path involving a sequence of organisms, each of which is the food for the next. ...
Principles of Ecology
... 2. Second order consumersa. carnivores-eat primary consumers (meat) snakes, cats, birds of prey, preying mantis ...
... 2. Second order consumersa. carnivores-eat primary consumers (meat) snakes, cats, birds of prey, preying mantis ...
Ecology
... wastes releases nutrients back into the environment to be recycled by other organisms. • Examples: bacteria, fungi ...
... wastes releases nutrients back into the environment to be recycled by other organisms. • Examples: bacteria, fungi ...
Ecology Unit - Houston ISD
... - Consumers (heterotrophs) = must consume food to get energy - primary consumers – eat producers (= herbivores) - secondary consumers – eat consumers (= carnivores) - omnivores = eat producers and consumers - Decomposers = break down dead organisms (= detritivores) Food Chain = sequence that links o ...
... - Consumers (heterotrophs) = must consume food to get energy - primary consumers – eat producers (= herbivores) - secondary consumers – eat consumers (= carnivores) - omnivores = eat producers and consumers - Decomposers = break down dead organisms (= detritivores) Food Chain = sequence that links o ...
organism
... make up the trophic level at the bottom of the pyramid • Consumers that eat producers make up the next trophic ...
... make up the trophic level at the bottom of the pyramid • Consumers that eat producers make up the next trophic ...
Chapter 3
... level) Can be illustrated by showing the relative number of organisms at each level. o Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed to the next trophic level. o Energy is used by organisms for respiration, movement, and reproduction. The rest is lost as HEAT. Energy flows in one direct ...
... level) Can be illustrated by showing the relative number of organisms at each level. o Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed to the next trophic level. o Energy is used by organisms for respiration, movement, and reproduction. The rest is lost as HEAT. Energy flows in one direct ...
Review Questions for ecology test
... a. dead stuff 11. In a food web, what would happen if we removed the producers? a. everything dies, no food chain 12. In this food chain, sun – grass – deer – wolf, the wolf would be considered what type of consumer? a. secondary 13. A name for an organism that get gets its energy from the sun would ...
... a. dead stuff 11. In a food web, what would happen if we removed the producers? a. everything dies, no food chain 12. In this food chain, sun – grass – deer – wolf, the wolf would be considered what type of consumer? a. secondary 13. A name for an organism that get gets its energy from the sun would ...
Ecosystems: What are they?
... • Climate selects the type of plant association. – Continuous high rainfall and mild temperature? – Rare rainfall and hot temperature? ...
... • Climate selects the type of plant association. – Continuous high rainfall and mild temperature? – Rare rainfall and hot temperature? ...
Trophic Structure
... Carnivores are animals that feed on other animals. Some carnivores may be predators (such as lions, hawks, and wolves who attack and kill their prey and feed on their bodies) and some may be scavengers (they feed on dead animals that they find). Omnivores are animals that feed on both plants and ani ...
... Carnivores are animals that feed on other animals. Some carnivores may be predators (such as lions, hawks, and wolves who attack and kill their prey and feed on their bodies) and some may be scavengers (they feed on dead animals that they find). Omnivores are animals that feed on both plants and ani ...
secondary production and ecological efficiencies
... 3. The biomass or standing crop is the amount of material at a place at one moment of time. The productivity is the amount of material produced over a specified time interval, hence it is a rate. The turnover time is the time required to replace the biomass completely given the maximum productivity. ...
... 3. The biomass or standing crop is the amount of material at a place at one moment of time. The productivity is the amount of material produced over a specified time interval, hence it is a rate. The turnover time is the time required to replace the biomass completely given the maximum productivity. ...
What might disrupt ecosystem processes? - Rawlins A
... sunlight into energy by photosynthesis A food chain, or web exists between the trophic levels. Teritary level is usually the 50% energy loss at point at which people each level from harvest or catch them. respiration and decay ...
... sunlight into energy by photosynthesis A food chain, or web exists between the trophic levels. Teritary level is usually the 50% energy loss at point at which people each level from harvest or catch them. respiration and decay ...
File
... 3. List and describe the three types of ecological pyramids. Energy – measures percentage of energy at each trophic level Biomass – measures amount (grams) of organic matter at each trophic level Numbers – measures the number of individuals at each trophic level 4. How can matter recycle through an ...
... 3. List and describe the three types of ecological pyramids. Energy – measures percentage of energy at each trophic level Biomass – measures amount (grams) of organic matter at each trophic level Numbers – measures the number of individuals at each trophic level 4. How can matter recycle through an ...
Final Exam Topics: 1) Basic Ecological Principles a) Biomes
... Complete each statement. 35) Ecologists assign every type of organism in an ecosystem to a feeding level or ____________________. 36) Organisms that cannot produce their own food and, therefore, must eat other organisms, are called ____________________. 37) A group of individuals of the same species ...
... Complete each statement. 35) Ecologists assign every type of organism in an ecosystem to a feeding level or ____________________. 36) Organisms that cannot produce their own food and, therefore, must eat other organisms, are called ____________________. 37) A group of individuals of the same species ...
Biology 31 Study Guide Species Interactions and
... Give examples of some of the defenses plants have acquired to keep from being eaten. Give examples of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic mutualisms (mutualism between free-living organisms). Describe at least one way in which mutualisms affect your daily life. What is an ecological community? What do ...
... Give examples of some of the defenses plants have acquired to keep from being eaten. Give examples of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic mutualisms (mutualism between free-living organisms). Describe at least one way in which mutualisms affect your daily life. What is an ecological community? What do ...
Key Terms
... Food Webs The feeding relationships in an ecosystem are usually more complicated than the simple food chains you have just read about. Since ecosystems contain many different species of animals, plants, and other organisms, consumers have a variety of food sources. The pattern of feeding represented ...
... Food Webs The feeding relationships in an ecosystem are usually more complicated than the simple food chains you have just read about. Since ecosystems contain many different species of animals, plants, and other organisms, consumers have a variety of food sources. The pattern of feeding represented ...
Biology - Marric.us
... resources and organic matter in the ecosystem and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration. e. Students know a vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of its producers and decomposers. f. Students know at each link in a food web some energy is stored in newly made structures but ...
... resources and organic matter in the ecosystem and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration. e. Students know a vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of its producers and decomposers. f. Students know at each link in a food web some energy is stored in newly made structures but ...
An overview on ecosystems: Ecosystems Terrestrial vs aquatic
... In spite of the variety and apparent complexity of foodwebs, they all have the same underlying trophic pattern Secondary (2o) consumers or carnivores (also heterotrophs) Primary (1o ) consumers, grazers or herbivores (heterotrophs) Producers, usually plants or autotrophs ...
... In spite of the variety and apparent complexity of foodwebs, they all have the same underlying trophic pattern Secondary (2o) consumers or carnivores (also heterotrophs) Primary (1o ) consumers, grazers or herbivores (heterotrophs) Producers, usually plants or autotrophs ...
Final Exam – Ecology Review
... NAME THE STEP IN A BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE: ____________________ Process in which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia by bacteria that live in the soil and on the roots of plants called legumes ____________________ Process in which soil bacteria convert nitrogen compounds in soi ...
... NAME THE STEP IN A BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE: ____________________ Process in which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia by bacteria that live in the soil and on the roots of plants called legumes ____________________ Process in which soil bacteria convert nitrogen compounds in soi ...
FOOD WEB ASSIGNMENT.doc
... 2. Include the sun, the source of energy, in your food web. 3. Place your producer pictures close to the sun. 4. Place two or three appropriate animals around producers. If one animal could eat another, join them with an arrow. Remember that arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to a ...
... 2. Include the sun, the source of energy, in your food web. 3. Place your producer pictures close to the sun. 4. Place two or three appropriate animals around producers. If one animal could eat another, join them with an arrow. Remember that arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to a ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.