Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... Multiple projections (from OB) to many brain structures Direct and widespread influence on odor discrimination, emotion, motivation, memory.. • OB-OT-Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus pathway may be responsible for the conscious perception of smell, while connections to amygdala and entorhinal corte ...
... Multiple projections (from OB) to many brain structures Direct and widespread influence on odor discrimination, emotion, motivation, memory.. • OB-OT-Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus pathway may be responsible for the conscious perception of smell, while connections to amygdala and entorhinal corte ...
Gaze effects in the cerebral cortex: reference frames for
... This was achieved by varying the location of the cue or limb movement direction independently of one another, while orbital eye position remained the same. For example, a red cue could appear at different locations for a single fixation point, but its instructional meaning was always the same (move ...
... This was achieved by varying the location of the cue or limb movement direction independently of one another, while orbital eye position remained the same. For example, a red cue could appear at different locations for a single fixation point, but its instructional meaning was always the same (move ...
Models of Information Processing in the Visual Cortex
... First, models can represent a selected part of the world, and second, models can represent a theory. The two notions are not mutually exclusive, but they provide a good distinction between more practical models trying to reproduce a certain system, and more theoretical models constrained to a certai ...
... First, models can represent a selected part of the world, and second, models can represent a theory. The two notions are not mutually exclusive, but they provide a good distinction between more practical models trying to reproduce a certain system, and more theoretical models constrained to a certai ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
... movement rate and task complexity. This conclusion is supported by the observations of Wexler et al. who compared brain activation patterns during repetitive movements of the same finger and sequential movements of different fingers (Wexler et al., 1997). They found that the contralateral PMA and SM ...
... movement rate and task complexity. This conclusion is supported by the observations of Wexler et al. who compared brain activation patterns during repetitive movements of the same finger and sequential movements of different fingers (Wexler et al., 1997). They found that the contralateral PMA and SM ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... were maximal early on each trial but diminished after the rewarded target had been cued. The information encoded by LIP neurons thus appeared to track the monkey’s running estimate of the expected value of a particular movement, which was maximal once that movement was cued (Glimcher 2002). These ex ...
... were maximal early on each trial but diminished after the rewarded target had been cued. The information encoded by LIP neurons thus appeared to track the monkey’s running estimate of the expected value of a particular movement, which was maximal once that movement was cued (Glimcher 2002). These ex ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... 25. Compare the major functional areas (sensory and motor) of the cerebral cortex in terms of location and function (a diagram may help here). 26. Explain what is meant by an association area of the cerebral cortex and name a few association traits. 27. Name the term referring to the measurement of ...
... 25. Compare the major functional areas (sensory and motor) of the cerebral cortex in terms of location and function (a diagram may help here). 26. Explain what is meant by an association area of the cerebral cortex and name a few association traits. 27. Name the term referring to the measurement of ...
Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour
... Power spectra calculated over three periods (each 1 s long, before, during and after the odour puff) of the LFP waveform showed a typical peak centred on 30 Hz only for the odour period (Fig. 2b, ...
... Power spectra calculated over three periods (each 1 s long, before, during and after the odour puff) of the LFP waveform showed a typical peak centred on 30 Hz only for the odour period (Fig. 2b, ...
Natural Antioxidants May Prevent Posttraumatic Epilepsy: A
... TheroleofNO in thebrain is diverseand complicated Free radicals, in addition to contributing to neuronal with contradictory evidence reported regarding its injury in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage, may be proconvulsant and anticonvulsant effects. These involved in neuronal degeneration in schizophr ...
... TheroleofNO in thebrain is diverseand complicated Free radicals, in addition to contributing to neuronal with contradictory evidence reported regarding its injury in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage, may be proconvulsant and anticonvulsant effects. These involved in neuronal degeneration in schizophr ...
19 CORTICAL PROJECTIONS FROM TWO PRESTRIATE AREAS IN
... rior bank of the superior temporal sulcus, which appears to receive projections from all these areas, regions of vertical meridian representation in area 18 project to two strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate g ...
... rior bank of the superior temporal sulcus, which appears to receive projections from all these areas, regions of vertical meridian representation in area 18 project to two strips outside (anterior to) area 19 and that a third, separate, field receives a small projection (anterior part of prelunate g ...
High reward expectancy during methylphenidate depresses the
... RPE. Instead, we created a full-range parametric variation of the RPE from unexpected high punishment to unexpected large reward and measured the phasic dopamine response for each level. Second, previous studies used task paradigms in which participants learn to improve performance. Such tasks engag ...
... RPE. Instead, we created a full-range parametric variation of the RPE from unexpected high punishment to unexpected large reward and measured the phasic dopamine response for each level. Second, previous studies used task paradigms in which participants learn to improve performance. Such tasks engag ...
Avian brains and a new understanding of
... neostriatum and the avian palaeostriatum augmentatum (including the LPO) participate not only in instinctive behaviour and movement, but also in motor learning 26,27. These apparent relationships between the subpallia of mammals and birds have been supported by molecular embryology studies24,28–31. ...
... neostriatum and the avian palaeostriatum augmentatum (including the LPO) participate not only in instinctive behaviour and movement, but also in motor learning 26,27. These apparent relationships between the subpallia of mammals and birds have been supported by molecular embryology studies24,28–31. ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... of priming (Stins and van Leeuwen, 1993), stimulus context (Adelson, 1993; Bar and Ullman, 1996), expectancy (Downing, 1988) and object-centered attention (Lavie and Driver, 1996; Driver and Spence, 1998). These findings suggest that the processing and subjective perception of external stimuli are n ...
... of priming (Stins and van Leeuwen, 1993), stimulus context (Adelson, 1993; Bar and Ullman, 1996), expectancy (Downing, 1988) and object-centered attention (Lavie and Driver, 1996; Driver and Spence, 1998). These findings suggest that the processing and subjective perception of external stimuli are n ...
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12
... The somatic nervous system carries messages that control body movements. It is responsible for activities that are under your control, such as waving your hand or kicking a ball. The girl pictured below (Figure 1.6) is using her somatic nervous system to control the muscles needed to play the violin ...
... The somatic nervous system carries messages that control body movements. It is responsible for activities that are under your control, such as waving your hand or kicking a ball. The girl pictured below (Figure 1.6) is using her somatic nervous system to control the muscles needed to play the violin ...
An ultra small array of electrodes for stimulating multiple
... All eight electrodes of the largest, 4-m-wide electrode design fit well within the dendritic arbor of a single Purkinje neuron in a parasaggital slice of cerebellum from a 14-dayold rat (Fig. 5). Both local bipolar stimuli and monopolar stimuli with a remote ground were used. The most reliable stim ...
... All eight electrodes of the largest, 4-m-wide electrode design fit well within the dendritic arbor of a single Purkinje neuron in a parasaggital slice of cerebellum from a 14-dayold rat (Fig. 5). Both local bipolar stimuli and monopolar stimuli with a remote ground were used. The most reliable stim ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... information than the average spike. On the other hand, spikes preceded by ISIs ⬎38 msec are often fired in response to spatially uniform stimuli that reverse contrast over time. The third question, concerning the ways in which these different messages are decoded, is not addressed directly by our ex ...
... information than the average spike. On the other hand, spikes preceded by ISIs ⬎38 msec are often fired in response to spatially uniform stimuli that reverse contrast over time. The third question, concerning the ways in which these different messages are decoded, is not addressed directly by our ex ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... o Decerebrate animals (where brain and spinal cord has been cut) can still walk due to reflexes and central pattern generator o Clinical: testing reflexes can determine level of the lesion (hyper or hypo-reflexive) Muscle spindles give info about length of muscle and GTO give info about the tension ...
... o Decerebrate animals (where brain and spinal cord has been cut) can still walk due to reflexes and central pattern generator o Clinical: testing reflexes can determine level of the lesion (hyper or hypo-reflexive) Muscle spindles give info about length of muscle and GTO give info about the tension ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... thereby evoking waves of activation in neurons through whose receptive fields they passed. Each region of the stimulated visual field was exposed to a flickering checkerboard pattern during one-half of the stimulus period and the neutral gray background during the other half. The stimulus waveform w ...
... thereby evoking waves of activation in neurons through whose receptive fields they passed. Each region of the stimulated visual field was exposed to a flickering checkerboard pattern during one-half of the stimulus period and the neutral gray background during the other half. The stimulus waveform w ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... finding is readily explained by NTVA’s notion of filtering on the basis of attentional weights. A second typical effect of attention is a modest modulation of firing rates with a single stimulus in the RF. In the Attentional Effects With a Single Stimulus in the RF section, this finding is explained ...
... finding is readily explained by NTVA’s notion of filtering on the basis of attentional weights. A second typical effect of attention is a modest modulation of firing rates with a single stimulus in the RF. In the Attentional Effects With a Single Stimulus in the RF section, this finding is explained ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
... Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org ...
... Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org ...
Paraneoplastic Syndrome and Mimics: What the
... • Paraneoplastic syndromes are mediated by antibodies occur when certain neoplasms outside of the central nervous system express antigens that are expressed coincidentally by neuronal cells and therefore the immune response results in the production of antibodies that have as objective the tumor and ...
... • Paraneoplastic syndromes are mediated by antibodies occur when certain neoplasms outside of the central nervous system express antigens that are expressed coincidentally by neuronal cells and therefore the immune response results in the production of antibodies that have as objective the tumor and ...
Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral
... patterns of each cell under several different conditions were frequently well reconstructed by an inverse dynamics representation with a single set of coefficients (13 cells among 21). This indicates that the relationships between P cell firing and OFR are roughly linear in those stimulus ranges. Th ...
... patterns of each cell under several different conditions were frequently well reconstructed by an inverse dynamics representation with a single set of coefficients (13 cells among 21). This indicates that the relationships between P cell firing and OFR are roughly linear in those stimulus ranges. Th ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... Two main experiments were performed. The aim of experiment 1 was to determine if side-of-figure preference and stereoscopic edge preference are combined in a systematic way in single neurons. The two hypothetical mechanisms were tested separately: side-offigure selectivity was determined with contra ...
... Two main experiments were performed. The aim of experiment 1 was to determine if side-of-figure preference and stereoscopic edge preference are combined in a systematic way in single neurons. The two hypothetical mechanisms were tested separately: side-offigure selectivity was determined with contra ...
Biological clock - Science Mission
... • The retinal cells synchronizing the SCN are neither rods nor cones eyeless mice: cannot use light to reset their clocks • mutant mice with intact retinas that lack rods and cones: can! • David Berson et al. discovered a new photoreceptor: a very specialized type of ganglion cell - light-sensitive, ...
... • The retinal cells synchronizing the SCN are neither rods nor cones eyeless mice: cannot use light to reset their clocks • mutant mice with intact retinas that lack rods and cones: can! • David Berson et al. discovered a new photoreceptor: a very specialized type of ganglion cell - light-sensitive, ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.