Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... converting, and transmitting information from the outside world – Sensory organs contain receptors that transduce sensory energy into nerve impulses that are carried to the brain ...
... converting, and transmitting information from the outside world – Sensory organs contain receptors that transduce sensory energy into nerve impulses that are carried to the brain ...
Motion sensitive cells in the macaque superior
... an apparatus that produced visual motion of a projected two-dimensional patterned stimulus. Single unit responses from STP were recorded and response:~ to visual motion, produced externally by the experimenter, were compared to the responses to visual motion (of the same pattern) produced by the mon ...
... an apparatus that produced visual motion of a projected two-dimensional patterned stimulus. Single unit responses from STP were recorded and response:~ to visual motion, produced externally by the experimenter, were compared to the responses to visual motion (of the same pattern) produced by the mon ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... termination of the sensory restriction (Cynader, Berman, & Hein, 1976; Wiesel & Hubel, 1965). 1.2 Critical Periods in Development Most experience-dependent neocortical changes occur during specific temporal periods when the functional and structural properties of neurons are particularly susceptible ...
... termination of the sensory restriction (Cynader, Berman, & Hein, 1976; Wiesel & Hubel, 1965). 1.2 Critical Periods in Development Most experience-dependent neocortical changes occur during specific temporal periods when the functional and structural properties of neurons are particularly susceptible ...
Neuroethology of reward and decision making
... rule’), the birds in Goss-Custard’s study showed ‘partial preferences’ for different types of prey (e.g. preferring one type 75% of the time) when their density changed. Such partial preferences might reflect sampling behaviour, which allows the animal to acquire improved information about the stati ...
... rule’), the birds in Goss-Custard’s study showed ‘partial preferences’ for different types of prey (e.g. preferring one type 75% of the time) when their density changed. Such partial preferences might reflect sampling behaviour, which allows the animal to acquire improved information about the stati ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... emotion. It provides an anatomic basis for the observations of cerebellar activation by cognitive and affective paradigms in functional neuroimaging experiments. It helps explain the clinical phenomena that characterize the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, and it provides an anatomic basis f ...
... emotion. It provides an anatomic basis for the observations of cerebellar activation by cognitive and affective paradigms in functional neuroimaging experiments. It helps explain the clinical phenomena that characterize the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, and it provides an anatomic basis f ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... may be reduced. Such situations might result in diminished and fragmented comprehension and recall of the information. This assumption leads to the possibility that when auditory and visual stimuli are presented simultaneously, our attention will be divided to focus on either one of those stimuli. I ...
... may be reduced. Such situations might result in diminished and fragmented comprehension and recall of the information. This assumption leads to the possibility that when auditory and visual stimuli are presented simultaneously, our attention will be divided to focus on either one of those stimuli. I ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... an intensity-invariant representation of the amplitude modulation of the perceived signal and to increase the signalto-noise ratio. Next, the representation of the amplitude modulation of a signal by the auditory receptor neurons (Machens et al. 2001) needs to be processed in a way that higher level ...
... an intensity-invariant representation of the amplitude modulation of the perceived signal and to increase the signalto-noise ratio. Next, the representation of the amplitude modulation of a signal by the auditory receptor neurons (Machens et al. 2001) needs to be processed in a way that higher level ...
An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... 15-2 Sensory Receptors • Adaptation • Phasic receptors • Are normally inactive • Become active for a short time whenever a change occurs • Provide information about the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus • Are fast-adapting receptors ...
... 15-2 Sensory Receptors • Adaptation • Phasic receptors • Are normally inactive • Become active for a short time whenever a change occurs • Provide information about the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus • Are fast-adapting receptors ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... neurons project out of the VTA (Fallon and Moore, 1978; Thierry et al., 1980; Van Bockstaele and Pickel, 1995; Steffensen et al., 1998). The remainder of the GABAergic cells are interneurons that provide inhibitory tone onto dopamine cells (Johnson et al., 1992). Pharmacologically stimulating a vari ...
... neurons project out of the VTA (Fallon and Moore, 1978; Thierry et al., 1980; Van Bockstaele and Pickel, 1995; Steffensen et al., 1998). The remainder of the GABAergic cells are interneurons that provide inhibitory tone onto dopamine cells (Johnson et al., 1992). Pharmacologically stimulating a vari ...
Dopamine Deficiency in a Genetic Mouse Model of Lesch
... of male mice of differing ages were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Because of the difficulty in generating large numbers of mice simultaneously for a longitudinal study, animals were culled at random from different litters. Each symbol represents the monoamine concentration in the ...
... of male mice of differing ages were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Because of the difficulty in generating large numbers of mice simultaneously for a longitudinal study, animals were culled at random from different litters. Each symbol represents the monoamine concentration in the ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... understanding the simplest possible generative mechanism for behavior, a mechanism with which sensory stimuli could be used to trigger motor responses. The mechanisms that underlie other classes of behavior, however, remained largely unexplored by physiologists until quite recently. Over the course ...
... understanding the simplest possible generative mechanism for behavior, a mechanism with which sensory stimuli could be used to trigger motor responses. The mechanisms that underlie other classes of behavior, however, remained largely unexplored by physiologists until quite recently. Over the course ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... double-step paradigm (comprising a sequence of two successive saccades) [30]. This result may therefore also have been due to the SEF control of saccade sequences. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in a recent experimental study in the monkey, using an intentional visually guided saccade ta ...
... double-step paradigm (comprising a sequence of two successive saccades) [30]. This result may therefore also have been due to the SEF control of saccade sequences. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in a recent experimental study in the monkey, using an intentional visually guided saccade ta ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... Brienomyrus, pulse durafferents,’ were respectively found in pulse-type gymnotiation is often sexually dimorphic in other mormyrid fishes in form and mormyrid fishes (Bastian, 1976; Bell, 1990). These which males produce longer pulses during sexual maturaafferents fire a single action potential in r ...
... Brienomyrus, pulse durafferents,’ were respectively found in pulse-type gymnotiation is often sexually dimorphic in other mormyrid fishes in form and mormyrid fishes (Bastian, 1976; Bell, 1990). These which males produce longer pulses during sexual maturaafferents fire a single action potential in r ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... the view that SEF has the ability to conditionally associate specific eye movements with visual cues, since SEF neurons have been shown to increase activity while acquiring conditional oculomotor associations (Chen and Wise 1996). In the context of learned sequential eye movements, SEF neurons are c ...
... the view that SEF has the ability to conditionally associate specific eye movements with visual cues, since SEF neurons have been shown to increase activity while acquiring conditional oculomotor associations (Chen and Wise 1996). In the context of learned sequential eye movements, SEF neurons are c ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... subtypes of mouse RGCs. The main conclusion of these studies is that mouse RGCs are highly diverse, encompassing at least 22 anatomically distinct subtypes [30] (Figure 1). In addition to having three subtypes of alpha Y-like RGCs and four to five subtypes of melanopsin ipRGCs, the mouse retina harb ...
... subtypes of mouse RGCs. The main conclusion of these studies is that mouse RGCs are highly diverse, encompassing at least 22 anatomically distinct subtypes [30] (Figure 1). In addition to having three subtypes of alpha Y-like RGCs and four to five subtypes of melanopsin ipRGCs, the mouse retina harb ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... Current technology available for clinical populations ranges from simple devices that stabilize a shaking hand (Popović Maneski et al., 2011; Grimaldi et al., 2013), to devices that augment the ability of a patient with locked-in syndrome to communicate with others (Holz et al., 2015). While these ...
... Current technology available for clinical populations ranges from simple devices that stabilize a shaking hand (Popović Maneski et al., 2011; Grimaldi et al., 2013), to devices that augment the ability of a patient with locked-in syndrome to communicate with others (Holz et al., 2015). While these ...
Structure and function of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) brains
... are wingless and even the alate sexuals are poor fliers compared to wasps and bees. This obviously shapes the motor output (controlling leg instead of wing movements), but it also affects sensory input: flight relies predominantly on vision and also on information about air-currents, gravity and acc ...
... are wingless and even the alate sexuals are poor fliers compared to wasps and bees. This obviously shapes the motor output (controlling leg instead of wing movements), but it also affects sensory input: flight relies predominantly on vision and also on information about air-currents, gravity and acc ...
Age-related differences in brain activity underlying identification of
... taken from the Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) and Neutral Faces (JACNeuF, Biehl et al., 1997), a stimulus set that has been extensively normed in younger adults. The JACFEE contains 56 photographs, including eight photos each of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happines ...
... taken from the Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) and Neutral Faces (JACNeuF, Biehl et al., 1997), a stimulus set that has been extensively normed in younger adults. The JACFEE contains 56 photographs, including eight photos each of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happines ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
... Animal and Use Committee at Harvard Medical School. Weanling SD rats were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. For the purpose of establishing the postmortem effect, the bodies of euthanized pups were kept at RT for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h, before the heads were separated and the cerebellum, br ...
... Animal and Use Committee at Harvard Medical School. Weanling SD rats were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. For the purpose of establishing the postmortem effect, the bodies of euthanized pups were kept at RT for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h, before the heads were separated and the cerebellum, br ...
Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway
... by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury-related chemicals, and transducing these stimuli into long-ranging electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers. The activation of functionally distinct cutaneous nociceptor populations and the processing of information they ...
... by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury-related chemicals, and transducing these stimuli into long-ranging electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers. The activation of functionally distinct cutaneous nociceptor populations and the processing of information they ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.