Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... Tests on independent means were Student's t-test and factorial ANOVA, whereas the paired ttest and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used for related means. In analyzing response features obtained at different frequencies and intensities (e.g., Fig. 3C), Repeated Measures ANOVAs were performed separately ...
... Tests on independent means were Student's t-test and factorial ANOVA, whereas the paired ttest and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used for related means. In analyzing response features obtained at different frequencies and intensities (e.g., Fig. 3C), Repeated Measures ANOVAs were performed separately ...
Neural Coding 2016
... Over more than two decades the NC workshop has taken a pioneering role in bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in t ...
... Over more than two decades the NC workshop has taken a pioneering role in bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in t ...
Embodied Cognition and Mirror Neurons
... whether the activity during retrieval of color knowledge (e.g., TAXI = yellow) was greater than that during a control task requiring subjects to evaluate whether a particular motor property was associated with an object (e.g., HAIR = combed). The authors found a greater signal for the color knowledg ...
... whether the activity during retrieval of color knowledge (e.g., TAXI = yellow) was greater than that during a control task requiring subjects to evaluate whether a particular motor property was associated with an object (e.g., HAIR = combed). The authors found a greater signal for the color knowledg ...
Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... fixation, the resulting barrage of action potentials could disrupt the information that enters the brain soon after each eye movement. Many mammals make fast eye movements, but saccades reach higher velocities and are more frequent in primates than in any other species (Carpenter, 1988). Despite thi ...
... fixation, the resulting barrage of action potentials could disrupt the information that enters the brain soon after each eye movement. Many mammals make fast eye movements, but saccades reach higher velocities and are more frequent in primates than in any other species (Carpenter, 1988). Despite thi ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
... layer is entirely made up of grey matter, although it would look more pinkish than grey in a fresh or living brain because of the presence of very thin blood vessels (capillaries). The lighter areas, called white matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They h ...
... layer is entirely made up of grey matter, although it would look more pinkish than grey in a fresh or living brain because of the presence of very thin blood vessels (capillaries). The lighter areas, called white matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They h ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... subsequent phylogenetic and ontogenetic modification, represents a common and convenient mechanism for expansion and elaboration in biological systems. Columns in the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1978), parasagittal strips in the cerebellar cortex (Oscarsson, 1980; Voogd and Bigare, 1980), and striosomes ...
... subsequent phylogenetic and ontogenetic modification, represents a common and convenient mechanism for expansion and elaboration in biological systems. Columns in the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1978), parasagittal strips in the cerebellar cortex (Oscarsson, 1980; Voogd and Bigare, 1980), and striosomes ...
cHaPter 3
... None of the early techniques for studying the brain enabled researchers to directly observe and study the brain functioning as it normally does in a healthy, living person. Consequently, researchers had to rely on making assumptions about underlying brain function based on observations of participan ...
... None of the early techniques for studying the brain enabled researchers to directly observe and study the brain functioning as it normally does in a healthy, living person. Consequently, researchers had to rely on making assumptions about underlying brain function based on observations of participan ...
CHAPTER 3 Neuroscience and Behavior
... the neuron than outside it. (An ion is an atom that is electrically charged.) You might think of the neuron as a miniature battery in which the inside of the neuron represents the negative pole and the outside represents the positive pole. When a message arrives at a neuron, its cell membrane opens ...
... the neuron than outside it. (An ion is an atom that is electrically charged.) You might think of the neuron as a miniature battery in which the inside of the neuron represents the negative pole and the outside represents the positive pole. When a message arrives at a neuron, its cell membrane opens ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... relation). At the same time, the same configuration of firing neurons cannot give rise to two (or more) different short-term spectra. Thus, two different short-term power spectra most likely are originated from two different configurations of firing neurons [2]. Consequently, short-term SP character ...
... relation). At the same time, the same configuration of firing neurons cannot give rise to two (or more) different short-term spectra. Thus, two different short-term power spectra most likely are originated from two different configurations of firing neurons [2]. Consequently, short-term SP character ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... Monkeys were trained to perform a two-alternative forced-choice body/non-body categorization task. The monkey initiated a trial by fixating on a fixation point within a 2.4◦ × 2.4◦ window at the center of the screen for one of the three variable durations (350, 400 or 450 ms). The fixation time was ...
... Monkeys were trained to perform a two-alternative forced-choice body/non-body categorization task. The monkey initiated a trial by fixating on a fixation point within a 2.4◦ × 2.4◦ window at the center of the screen for one of the three variable durations (350, 400 or 450 ms). The fixation time was ...
Are fast/slow process in motor adaptation and forward/inverse
... when the motor system faces large errors (caused by abrupt perturbations) [2] which typically make subjects aware of the perturbations [19]. Also behavioral and functional imaging results have indicated that in the early phases of motor training (when fast component is dominant), high-level strategi ...
... when the motor system faces large errors (caused by abrupt perturbations) [2] which typically make subjects aware of the perturbations [19]. Also behavioral and functional imaging results have indicated that in the early phases of motor training (when fast component is dominant), high-level strategi ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... area 5 were unimodally clustered around 0 and 1, respectively (Fig. 4j,k). LIP cells with regression slopes near 1 also tended to have higher activity in the proactive blocks than in the reaction block, as expected (correlation analysis between the modulation index calculated in Fig. 3f and the regr ...
... area 5 were unimodally clustered around 0 and 1, respectively (Fig. 4j,k). LIP cells with regression slopes near 1 also tended to have higher activity in the proactive blocks than in the reaction block, as expected (correlation analysis between the modulation index calculated in Fig. 3f and the regr ...
Functional Sub-regions for Optic Flow Processing in the
... f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise or counterclockwise were used. For these two stimuli, responses as a function ...
... f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise or counterclockwise were used. For these two stimuli, responses as a function ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... eliciting self-administration (Ritz et al. 1987). Similarly, a comparison of the potencies of inhibitors of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake in inducing wakefulness in normal and narcoleptic canines revealed a correlation between the in vitro binding affinity for DAT but not the noradrenaline tran ...
... eliciting self-administration (Ritz et al. 1987). Similarly, a comparison of the potencies of inhibitors of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake in inducing wakefulness in normal and narcoleptic canines revealed a correlation between the in vitro binding affinity for DAT but not the noradrenaline tran ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... [1]. From clinical point of view unconsciousness is characterized by a lack of response to external stimuli, which is observed in coma and deep anesthesia. However, in slow wave sleep there is also a loss of consciousness. The brain reduces the reactivity related to both internal as well as some ext ...
... [1]. From clinical point of view unconsciousness is characterized by a lack of response to external stimuli, which is observed in coma and deep anesthesia. However, in slow wave sleep there is also a loss of consciousness. The brain reduces the reactivity related to both internal as well as some ext ...
An Introduction To Human Neuroanatomy
... Microglia are the brain’s surveillance cells. They are part of the immune system and they monitor brain tissue for signs of disease or tissue damage. When they detect a pathological change, they multiply, migrate to the diseased or damaged site, and engulf and digest the pathogens and/or cellular de ...
... Microglia are the brain’s surveillance cells. They are part of the immune system and they monitor brain tissue for signs of disease or tissue damage. When they detect a pathological change, they multiply, migrate to the diseased or damaged site, and engulf and digest the pathogens and/or cellular de ...
Psychology
... Adolescents are more susceptible to delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), which involves the inability to reset the sleep/wake cycle in response to environmental time cues. Possible symptoms of DSPS include the inability to fall asleep until after midnight and the tendency to wake up later than their ...
... Adolescents are more susceptible to delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), which involves the inability to reset the sleep/wake cycle in response to environmental time cues. Possible symptoms of DSPS include the inability to fall asleep until after midnight and the tendency to wake up later than their ...
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)
... Anxiety-related behaviors elicited by the NEC challenge were unobtrusively quantified by a well-trained rater using a closed-circuit audio-visual system. Freezing was defined as a period of >3-seconds characterized by a tense body posture and the absence of vocalizations or movements other than slow ...
... Anxiety-related behaviors elicited by the NEC challenge were unobtrusively quantified by a well-trained rater using a closed-circuit audio-visual system. Freezing was defined as a period of >3-seconds characterized by a tense body posture and the absence of vocalizations or movements other than slow ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
Prefrontal Activation Deficits During Episodic Memory in
... rely on region-of-interest methods that restrict analysis to this specific region. Thus, a limitation of a previous activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis (22) was the combination of whole-brain and region-of-interest studies, which may have biased results in favor of selected regions ...
... rely on region-of-interest methods that restrict analysis to this specific region. Thus, a limitation of a previous activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis (22) was the combination of whole-brain and region-of-interest studies, which may have biased results in favor of selected regions ...
Five-dimensional neuroimaging: Localization of the time–frequency
... Ruhbðt ÞbT ðt Þi, where hi indicates the ensemble average over trials. When hbðt Þi ¼ 0, R is also equal to the sample covariance matrix. In practice, the covariance is estimated over a subset of latencies, t ≡ [t1, t2,…, tN], that represents samples from a desired time window of length N. Defining ...
... Ruhbðt ÞbT ðt Þi, where hi indicates the ensemble average over trials. When hbðt Þi ¼ 0, R is also equal to the sample covariance matrix. In practice, the covariance is estimated over a subset of latencies, t ≡ [t1, t2,…, tN], that represents samples from a desired time window of length N. Defining ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.