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Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

... of 2014 and the NPL coverage ratio reached 502.87%, reflecting sound asset quality and abundant loan loss provisions. The average capital adequacy ratio of domestic banks stood at 12.34%, which was well above the statutory minimum requirement of 8%, and there was abundant liquidity in the financial ...
Convertible Bonds Primer
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... usually lack a long-term track record. For these reasons, they are required to raise debt at a significantly high interest cost. By issuing convertibles, they are able to both harness the volatility of their capital structure and reduce the interest payments on their debt. In most cases, the higher ...
Templeton Global Balanced Fund Annual Report
Templeton Global Balanced Fund Annual Report

... during the period. Brazil’s economy continued to be in recession and the country’s central bank cut its benchmark interest rate in October and November 2016 to spur economic growth. Russia’s economic contraction eased in 2016, following a rebound in oil prices and improved industrial production. The ...
Missing Numbers -- Behind Wave of Corporate Fraud: A Change in
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... auditor gains assurance by examining all of the component parts of the financial statements, ensuring that the transactions recorded are complete and accurate." By comparison, under the "top down" risk-based audit methodology, auditors focus "less on the details of individual transactions" and use ...
The Term Structure of the Risk-Return Tradeoff
The Term Structure of the Risk-Return Tradeoff

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Communicating Asset Risk: How Name
Communicating Asset Risk: How Name

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View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

- Franklin Templeton Investments
- Franklin Templeton Investments

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... in cash or sold or consumed in the business within one year of the balance sheet date or the company's operating cycle, whichever is longer. Current assets are listed in the order of liquidity. That is, in the order in which they are expected to be converted into cash. ...
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... A, B is less likely than A but seems more “representative” of Linda. What does this experiment have to do with stocks and volatility? Consider defining the characteristics of “great investments.” The layman and the quant address this question with two different approaches. On the one hand, the layma ...
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Hedging and Speculating with Interest Rate Swaps
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... cash flows have the opposite interest rate sensitivity. Such risk management practices make it more likely that internally generated cash flows will cover both the firm’s interest expenses and its investment needs. This evidence is consistent with the model of Froot et al. (1993), who show that firm ...
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... across countries. In contrast to other measures of investor protection, the anti-director rights index is negatively correlated with economic development in our sample so that the tradeoff theory predicts that cash holdings are negatively correlated with the anti-director rights index when one does ...
Partisan Discrimination in Credit Ratings in Developed Economies
Partisan Discrimination in Credit Ratings in Developed Economies

... Fitch for 23 OECD economies from 1995 to 20144, and then compare these results to an identical (OLS) panel analysis of spreads on long-term government bonds (a proxy of market attitudes towards sovereign creditworthiness) for the same sample. We find that, ceteris paribus, downgrades were more likel ...
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... The hold notice is used by prospective borrowers who do not wish to borrow the relevant securities at that time but wish to retain the potential to do so. For example, a prospective borrower may place a hold for a particular security with a lender while contacting another lender to determine the mos ...
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Best Practices for Stable NAV LGIPs
Best Practices for Stable NAV LGIPs

... for Local Government Investment Pools in 1989 and updated these guidelines in 1995 to better provide a framework for the formulation of prudent policies and disclosure for LGIPs. Since that time, LGIPs have experienced sizeable growth in assets and complexity. Given their common interest in promotin ...
Leverage Cycles and the Anxious Economy
Leverage Cycles and the Anxious Economy

... In the popular story about crises there are usually massive defaults and bankruptcies caused by failures to meet margin calls. But these events are rare, happening once or twice a decade. Our data describe events with 10 to 20 times the frequency, happening roughly twice a year. Moreover, asset trad ...
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Securitization

Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Investors are repaid from the principal and interest cash flows collected from the underlying debt and redistributed through the capital structure of the new financing. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS).Critics have suggested that the complexity inherent in securitization can limit investors' ability to monitor risk, and that competitive securitization markets with multiple securitizers may be particularly prone to sharp declines in underwriting standards. Private, competitive mortgage securitization is believed to have played an important role in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.In addition, off-balance sheet treatment for securitizations coupled with guarantees from the issuer can hide the extent of leverage of the securitizing firm, thereby facilitating risky capital structures and leading to an under-pricing of credit risk. Off-balance sheet securitizations are believed to have played a large role in the high leverage level of U.S. financial institutions before the financial crisis, and the need for bailouts.The granularity of pools of securitized assets can mitigate the credit risk of individual borrowers. Unlike general corporate debt, the credit quality of securitized debt is non-stationary due to changes in volatility that are time- and structure-dependent. If the transaction is properly structured and the pool performs as expected, the credit risk of all tranches of structured debt improves; if improperly structured, the affected tranches may experience dramatic credit deterioration and loss.Securitization has evolved from its beginnings in the late 18th century to an estimated outstanding of $10.24 trillion in the United States and $2.25 trillion in Europe as of the 2nd quarter of 2008. In 2007, ABS issuance amounted to $3.455 trillion in the US and $652 billion in Europe. WBS (Whole Business Securitization) arrangements first appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, and became common in various Commonwealth legal systems where senior creditors of an insolvent business effectively gain the right to control the company.
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