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Interest Rate Conundrums in the Twenty-First Century
Interest Rate Conundrums in the Twenty-First Century

... To match the low-frequency decoupling between short- and long-term interest rates, our second key assumption is that capital is slow-moving as in Duffie (2010): the previously mentioned supply shocks encounter a short-run demand curve that is a good deal steeper than the long-run demand curve. This ...
Money Market Funds - Fort Pitt Capital Group
Money Market Funds - Fort Pitt Capital Group

... Under normal market conditions, Tax Free Obligations Fund invests at least 80% of its total assets in high-quality, short-term municipal securities that pay interest that is exempt from federal income tax, including the federal alternative minimum tax. The municipal securities in which the fund inve ...
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... the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units (as defined in the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares sectio ...
A Critical Comparison of cash- and asset-based Microcredit
A Critical Comparison of cash- and asset-based Microcredit

... technologies, see figure 1 in appendix, there remains concern regarding the affordability of these products for those below-poverty-line, defined by the World Bank (2015) as under USD$1.90 a day. This paper will provide a theoretical case for a shift in emphasis from traditional microcredit to a mo ...
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... “Affiliate” means, as to any person, another person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the person. ...
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... Internal Controls. SDCERS has established and maintains a framework of internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that assets are properly safeguarded, transactions are properly executed, and the financial statements are free from material misstatement. However, we recognize that even sound i ...
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... closely approximate normalised results with the actual win rate experienced over the last 7 years, Echo will adopt a simplified approach to the reporting of international VIP Rebate revenues for future reporting periods. The new approach will adopt real turnover measures (including bets placed where ...
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... existing standards include contracts that convey a right-to-use the leased item. Purchase/sale transactions are outside the scope of the existing lease accounting standards. This is the case even when payment for the purchased/sold asset is deferred. However, contracts that are economically similar ...
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4E: Financial Instruments: Accounting for Financial Instruments

... by another entity. Often, US preparers viewed the ‘bad book’ as individually impaired assets (similar to a SFAS 114 notion). Most believed that the boards would have to refine this definition, but many did not support a ‘bright line’ in determining ’bad book’ classification. For example, an entity m ...
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... Preguntas y respuestas : No hay lugar como el hogar… Aún  3 Estudios de caso  5 Preguntas y respuestas : No hay una tienda mejor que Lowe’s  12 Preguntas y respuestas : La búsqueda del crecimiento rentable  15 ...
STEP - Merrill Lynch
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Securitization

Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Investors are repaid from the principal and interest cash flows collected from the underlying debt and redistributed through the capital structure of the new financing. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS).Critics have suggested that the complexity inherent in securitization can limit investors' ability to monitor risk, and that competitive securitization markets with multiple securitizers may be particularly prone to sharp declines in underwriting standards. Private, competitive mortgage securitization is believed to have played an important role in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.In addition, off-balance sheet treatment for securitizations coupled with guarantees from the issuer can hide the extent of leverage of the securitizing firm, thereby facilitating risky capital structures and leading to an under-pricing of credit risk. Off-balance sheet securitizations are believed to have played a large role in the high leverage level of U.S. financial institutions before the financial crisis, and the need for bailouts.The granularity of pools of securitized assets can mitigate the credit risk of individual borrowers. Unlike general corporate debt, the credit quality of securitized debt is non-stationary due to changes in volatility that are time- and structure-dependent. If the transaction is properly structured and the pool performs as expected, the credit risk of all tranches of structured debt improves; if improperly structured, the affected tranches may experience dramatic credit deterioration and loss.Securitization has evolved from its beginnings in the late 18th century to an estimated outstanding of $10.24 trillion in the United States and $2.25 trillion in Europe as of the 2nd quarter of 2008. In 2007, ABS issuance amounted to $3.455 trillion in the US and $652 billion in Europe. WBS (Whole Business Securitization) arrangements first appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, and became common in various Commonwealth legal systems where senior creditors of an insolvent business effectively gain the right to control the company.
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