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index methodology
index methodology

... The Northern Trust Investment Grade US Corporate Bond Index is a sub-index of the Northern Trust US Corporate Bond index with additional constraints and exclusions. Ratings: The minimum credit rating for inclusion in the index is Baa3/BBB-/BBB-. For issues rated by all three ratings agencies, a comp ...
Preparing for Rising Rates
Preparing for Rising Rates

... In contrast to individual bonds, bond mutual funds don’t have a final maturity, and therefore provide no assurance that your full principal will be returned. Depending on the composition of a mutual fund, the total return may go down as rates rise. Total return: A crucial measure of performance, it ...
Basel II and Implications for Capital Requirements in
Basel II and Implications for Capital Requirements in

... Investors have already purchased toxic assets associated with these loans Some argue that capital requirements may not have gone far enough to address loan origination practices or market valuations More regulatory scrutiny can be expected (e.g., stress testing) ...
Read more - RSW Investments
Read more - RSW Investments

... strong aggregate rise in revenues in the first half of 2011 compared to the same period last year. Nevertheless, state governments—the strongest municipal bond issuing sector— are empowered as “sovereign entities” to cure their fiscal ills. The negative cyclical economic events exacerbated the fiscal c ...
Issues in relation to discounted cash flow valuation - Sci-Hub
Issues in relation to discounted cash flow valuation - Sci-Hub

... pricing methods (including Black Scholes) also make use of discounted cash flows for calculating instantaneous option premia. However, like all models, DCF is not without its flaws. The model presupposes the existence of several unrealistic and rigid assumptions including, in particular, the existen ...
Microcredit: Conceptual Aspects Asymmetry of Information
Microcredit: Conceptual Aspects Asymmetry of Information

... case of non-compliance possibly including subjective collective punishments, such as symbolic loss of capital within the community, and even physical aggressions and other types of social sanctions. Another key to success in this type of scheme, as shown by Ghatak (1999), is that joint liability cre ...
The Mortgage Crisis and Credit Crunch: From Housing Losses to
The Mortgage Crisis and Credit Crunch: From Housing Losses to

... too low for too long, igniting a housing bubble that began to burst in the summer of 2005. This bubble was due to over-building of homes because, before 2005, the housing market was booming with profits. In addition, many investors bought into mortgages they could not afford. As seen in figure above ...
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... of the management. Cost of different type of funds, the long-term and short-term, the return on different type of current assets, risk-bearing ability of the concern, liquidity, levels etc., have to be considered to decide the financing of working capital. Debt financing involves fixed interest rate ...
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Glossary of Money Market Terms

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Module 41 Section 8 Lecture Notes THE OPEN ECONOMY
Module 41 Section 8 Lecture Notes THE OPEN ECONOMY

... Note: The table separates balance of payment accounts that don’t create liabilities ( like when an American buys a jacket produced in Taiwan) and those that do ( like when a Honduran banker buys a US treasury bill)  Transactions that don’t create liabilities are considered part of the balance of pa ...
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xxx academy accounting policies

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LG/15/11/1

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Investment Update February 2011

... Underpinned by the same global influences as well as factors peculiar to Australia the outlook for listed credit is positive. Positive influences peculiar to Australia include; 1. Credit spreads are significantly wider in Australia listed credit than they are elsewhere in the world (refer chart). • ...
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Set 6 - Personal.psu.edu
Set 6 - Personal.psu.edu

... i) Column 3 has the percentage change in price given the change in the interest rate in column 1. ii) Again I used the Excel function for duration. f) The prices based on the duration approximation are in column 4. 8) Already you can see that the prices implied by the duration approximation are diff ...
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interest rates and your fixed income investments
interest rates and your fixed income investments

... one cannot invest directly in an index. They do not reflect any fees, expenses or sales charges. 3. Source: © 2017 Morningstar. Returns include reinvestment of interest. Indexes are unmanaged, and one cannot invest directly in an index. They do not reflect any fees, expenses or sales charges. Past p ...
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issue of PNAS the results of her research
issue of PNAS the results of her research

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OUTER LIMITS As Funds Leverage Up, Fears of Reckoning Rise

... This leveraging binge has regulators and others worried. In the first place, no one knows how much leverage there is. Much of it is hidden, because investors aren't just juicing returns with borrowed money, but with derivatives, which are harder for regulators to track. No one is sure what will happ ...
Household Spending and Debt
Household Spending and Debt

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Securitization

Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Investors are repaid from the principal and interest cash flows collected from the underlying debt and redistributed through the capital structure of the new financing. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS).Critics have suggested that the complexity inherent in securitization can limit investors' ability to monitor risk, and that competitive securitization markets with multiple securitizers may be particularly prone to sharp declines in underwriting standards. Private, competitive mortgage securitization is believed to have played an important role in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.In addition, off-balance sheet treatment for securitizations coupled with guarantees from the issuer can hide the extent of leverage of the securitizing firm, thereby facilitating risky capital structures and leading to an under-pricing of credit risk. Off-balance sheet securitizations are believed to have played a large role in the high leverage level of U.S. financial institutions before the financial crisis, and the need for bailouts.The granularity of pools of securitized assets can mitigate the credit risk of individual borrowers. Unlike general corporate debt, the credit quality of securitized debt is non-stationary due to changes in volatility that are time- and structure-dependent. If the transaction is properly structured and the pool performs as expected, the credit risk of all tranches of structured debt improves; if improperly structured, the affected tranches may experience dramatic credit deterioration and loss.Securitization has evolved from its beginnings in the late 18th century to an estimated outstanding of $10.24 trillion in the United States and $2.25 trillion in Europe as of the 2nd quarter of 2008. In 2007, ABS issuance amounted to $3.455 trillion in the US and $652 billion in Europe. WBS (Whole Business Securitization) arrangements first appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, and became common in various Commonwealth legal systems where senior creditors of an insolvent business effectively gain the right to control the company.
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