High Output Impedance Current-mode Multifuntions Filter Using
... Abstract— This article presents a three-inputs single-output biquadratic filter performing completely standard functions: lowpass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass functions, based on current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifiers (CDCTA). The quality factor and pole frequen ...
... Abstract— This article presents a three-inputs single-output biquadratic filter performing completely standard functions: lowpass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass functions, based on current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifiers (CDCTA). The quality factor and pole frequen ...
10G Linear TIA in Long-reach Multi-mode Applications
... where different modes of light arrive at the receiver at different times. Increasing capacity requirements and the demand for high performance have required nearly 99% of the market to upgrade from legacy MMF running at 1 Gb/s to serial 10 Gb/s 220m. Since replacing the legacy OM1 fiber is too expen ...
... where different modes of light arrive at the receiver at different times. Increasing capacity requirements and the demand for high performance have required nearly 99% of the market to upgrade from legacy MMF running at 1 Gb/s to serial 10 Gb/s 220m. Since replacing the legacy OM1 fiber is too expen ...
A Low-Power Wideband Polar Transmitter for 3G
... So far all mainstream transmitters for WCDMA are of the direct upconversion type. This architecture is versatile but requires calibration of the imbalance in its quadrature branches and DC offset at its inputs, and it is vulnerable to mixer noise. We believe it consumes more power and chip area than ...
... So far all mainstream transmitters for WCDMA are of the direct upconversion type. This architecture is versatile but requires calibration of the imbalance in its quadrature branches and DC offset at its inputs, and it is vulnerable to mixer noise. We believe it consumes more power and chip area than ...
Lecture 3 - Auburn University
... Or THD(%) = [(V22 + V32 + · · · ) / V2fundamental ] × 100% ■ where P2, P3, . . . , are the power in watts of second, third, . . . , harmonics, respectively, and Pfundamental is the fundamental signal power, ■ and V2, V3, . . . , are voltage amplitudes of second, third, . . . , harmonics, respectiv ...
... Or THD(%) = [(V22 + V32 + · · · ) / V2fundamental ] × 100% ■ where P2, P3, . . . , are the power in watts of second, third, . . . , harmonics, respectively, and Pfundamental is the fundamental signal power, ■ and V2, V3, . . . , are voltage amplitudes of second, third, . . . , harmonics, respectiv ...
High resolution spectral self-interference fluorescence microscopy
... The advantage of light microscopy over electron and scanned probe microscopy is the ability to image the interior of biological specimens. Light would be an ideal carrier of microscopic information if it weren’t for the resolution limit. But because of diffraction, standard light microscopes are not ...
... The advantage of light microscopy over electron and scanned probe microscopy is the ability to image the interior of biological specimens. Light would be an ideal carrier of microscopic information if it weren’t for the resolution limit. But because of diffraction, standard light microscopes are not ...
10.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
... occurs at 4,400 cm-1. Although this transition is not infrared active (it is Raman active), ~4,000 cm-1 is usually taken to be the upper limit of the infrared. The lower limit is determined by instrumental considerations and is often near 50 cm-1. The mid infrared extends from 4,000 to 200 cm-1. Thi ...
... occurs at 4,400 cm-1. Although this transition is not infrared active (it is Raman active), ~4,000 cm-1 is usually taken to be the upper limit of the infrared. The lower limit is determined by instrumental considerations and is often near 50 cm-1. The mid infrared extends from 4,000 to 200 cm-1. Thi ...
Optical Coherence Tomography
... contains all the reflections and multiple reflections of the sample structure of Fig. 1. If the 1st order reflections ( Grfront and Gt front t ′front rrear exp[i 4π (n + ik ) fl c] ) of the two interfaces are isolated to each other and all the other multiple reflections in the temporal domain, the n ...
... contains all the reflections and multiple reflections of the sample structure of Fig. 1. If the 1st order reflections ( Grfront and Gt front t ′front rrear exp[i 4π (n + ik ) fl c] ) of the two interfaces are isolated to each other and all the other multiple reflections in the temporal domain, the n ...
Optical sampling technique applied to high resolution
... Even worse, the response and the noise of the detection stage also degrade proportionally to the bandwidth, while the sensor response also decays linearly with decreasing pulse widths. These combined effects make the SNR of the global sensor response to depend on the pulse width as τ 3/2 in identica ...
... Even worse, the response and the noise of the detection stage also degrade proportionally to the bandwidth, while the sensor response also decays linearly with decreasing pulse widths. These combined effects make the SNR of the global sensor response to depend on the pulse width as τ 3/2 in identica ...
correlation fundamentals
... correlation of the two is sometimes called Cross Correlation. If they are the same waveform then the correlation process is a special case called Auto-correlation. In the real world of analog electronics it is almost impossible to have two waveforms be EXACTLY identical, but we can get very close. A ...
... correlation of the two is sometimes called Cross Correlation. If they are the same waveform then the correlation process is a special case called Auto-correlation. In the real world of analog electronics it is almost impossible to have two waveforms be EXACTLY identical, but we can get very close. A ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... correlated signal and idler photons with frequencies ωa and ωb such that ωc= ωa + ωb [5]. A detailed analysis of the quadrature squeezing and photon statistics of the light produced by a non-degenerate parametric amplification has been made by a number of authors [1,6-8]. It has been shown theoretic ...
... correlated signal and idler photons with frequencies ωa and ωb such that ωc= ωa + ωb [5]. A detailed analysis of the quadrature squeezing and photon statistics of the light produced by a non-degenerate parametric amplification has been made by a number of authors [1,6-8]. It has been shown theoretic ...
Optimizing IP3 and ACPR Measurements
... Another consideration when setting the VSA is the IF signal conditioning. Typically, one configures the gain of the analyzer to use an IF power that is slightly less than full scale of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to prevent clipping. One can improve the noise floor of the instrument by set ...
... Another consideration when setting the VSA is the IF signal conditioning. Typically, one configures the gain of the analyzer to use an IF power that is slightly less than full scale of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to prevent clipping. One can improve the noise floor of the instrument by set ...
Calculating Total Harmonic Distortion by Measuring Sine Wave
... Other important points to consider include algorithm efficiency, data ROM size required, and accuracy/spectral purity of the implementation. Comparing analysis is required when performing own waveform designs. The table data and look-up algorithm alone do not determine performance in the field. Furt ...
... Other important points to consider include algorithm efficiency, data ROM size required, and accuracy/spectral purity of the implementation. Comparing analysis is required when performing own waveform designs. The table data and look-up algorithm alone do not determine performance in the field. Furt ...
ADF4007 (Rev. B)
... RF input stage and divides it down to a manageable frequency for the PFD. The prescaler can be selected to be either 8, 16, 32, or 64, and is effectively the N value in the PLL synthesizer. The terms N and P are used interchangeably in this data sheet. N1 and N2 set the prescaler values. The prescal ...
... RF input stage and divides it down to a manageable frequency for the PFD. The prescaler can be selected to be either 8, 16, 32, or 64, and is effectively the N value in the PLL synthesizer. The terms N and P are used interchangeably in this data sheet. N1 and N2 set the prescaler values. The prescal ...
Table of Contents
... data. The test can be initiated by pressing keys on your PowerSight meter. The test will always be done simultaneously on both the voltage and current inputs whether or not both are attached. To perform the test, press the “Monitoring On/Off” key two or three times until the display shows “Frequency ...
... data. The test can be initiated by pressing keys on your PowerSight meter. The test will always be done simultaneously on both the voltage and current inputs whether or not both are attached. To perform the test, press the “Monitoring On/Off” key two or three times until the display shows “Frequency ...
PDF - University of California, Berkeley
... necessary since Q(w) normally induces no observable signal, i.e., (~)) =0. The signal following P, determines for each ~ the double-quantum decay as a function of 7. This is an example of two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy introduced by Jeener" and by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst' integrate ...
... necessary since Q(w) normally induces no observable signal, i.e., (~)) =0. The signal following P, determines for each ~ the double-quantum decay as a function of 7. This is an example of two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy introduced by Jeener" and by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst' integrate ...
EXERCISES RESONAT CIRCUITS 5.21 The resonant circuit of the
... For the circuit shown in figure 1, two resonance curves where obtained one for each of the following two conditions of the circuit: • Condition 1: The load resistance RL is disconnected. • Condition 2: The load resistance RL is connected. The corresponding resonance curves of the amplitude of the no ...
... For the circuit shown in figure 1, two resonance curves where obtained one for each of the following two conditions of the circuit: • Condition 1: The load resistance RL is disconnected. • Condition 2: The load resistance RL is connected. The corresponding resonance curves of the amplitude of the no ...
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. Optical spectrum analyzers also exist, which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to make measurements.By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters.The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.