What is a Phase Locked Loop
... The VCO is essential part of every PLL. It operates like a regular oscillator but its output frequency is a function of the input DC voltage. The amplitude of the output signal remains constant. There are many requirements placed on VCOs in different applications. These requirements are usually in c ...
... The VCO is essential part of every PLL. It operates like a regular oscillator but its output frequency is a function of the input DC voltage. The amplitude of the output signal remains constant. There are many requirements placed on VCOs in different applications. These requirements are usually in c ...
Collision-induced Raman scattering by rare-gas atoms: The
... α(R), are shown over the interval [0 : 500] cm−1. The blank in the interval [320 : 372] cm−1 is because of the occurrence of residual hydrogen around 355 cm−1 (the S0(0) line of this gas at that frequency was used earlier as a reference for signal calibration); of course, appropriate interpolation o ...
... α(R), are shown over the interval [0 : 500] cm−1. The blank in the interval [320 : 372] cm−1 is because of the occurrence of residual hydrogen around 355 cm−1 (the S0(0) line of this gas at that frequency was used earlier as a reference for signal calibration); of course, appropriate interpolation o ...
Timing Synchronization in Cognitive Radio Systems Using Improved
... In OFDM systems, usually the signal is transmitted as frames with several preambles preceding the data symbols. In [i], a long preamble structure is proposed by Schmidl and Cox which consists of two identical halves prepended by cyclic prefix expressed as [PN PN]. The two halves are made similar by ...
... In OFDM systems, usually the signal is transmitted as frames with several preambles preceding the data symbols. In [i], a long preamble structure is proposed by Schmidl and Cox which consists of two identical halves prepended by cyclic prefix expressed as [PN PN]. The two halves are made similar by ...
Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy: Imaging based on Raman free induction decay
... the CARS signal from small scatterers, and limit the sensitivity. Recently, we have reported significant advances in the sensitivity and spectral resolution of CARS microscopy and its application to the imaging of live unstained cells.7–9 Here we use time-resolved CARS 共T-CARS兲11 to record the Raman ...
... the CARS signal from small scatterers, and limit the sensitivity. Recently, we have reported significant advances in the sensitivity and spectral resolution of CARS microscopy and its application to the imaging of live unstained cells.7–9 Here we use time-resolved CARS 共T-CARS兲11 to record the Raman ...
On the Absolutely Continuous Spectrum of Sturm–Liouville
... the spectral properties for such quantum graphs. In [10] it was shown that if the graph is of sub-exponential grow, then existence of a bounded solution implies that the corresponding energy is in the spectrum. Moreover, for Schrödinger operators on the line it is well-known ([6, 11, 14]) that boun ...
... the spectral properties for such quantum graphs. In [10] it was shown that if the graph is of sub-exponential grow, then existence of a bounded solution implies that the corresponding energy is in the spectrum. Moreover, for Schrödinger operators on the line it is well-known ([6, 11, 14]) that boun ...
1470 Brochure - Solartron Analytical
... technique provides very fast impedance analysis. At lower frequency however, for example where cell diffusion characteristics need to be analyzed, the measurement time may become extended since at least one cycle of the waveform must be analyzed at each frequency. This may result in tests that run i ...
... technique provides very fast impedance analysis. At lower frequency however, for example where cell diffusion characteristics need to be analyzed, the measurement time may become extended since at least one cycle of the waveform must be analyzed at each frequency. This may result in tests that run i ...
LTC1164-8 - Ultra-Selective, Low Power 8th
... AGND (Pins 3, 5): Analog Ground Pins. For dual supply operation, Pins 3 and 5 (AGND) are connected to an analog ground plane. For single supply operation, Pins 3 and 5 should be biased at 1/2 of the V + supply and be bypassed to the analog ground plane with a 1μF (tantalum or better) capacitor (Figu ...
... AGND (Pins 3, 5): Analog Ground Pins. For dual supply operation, Pins 3 and 5 (AGND) are connected to an analog ground plane. For single supply operation, Pins 3 and 5 should be biased at 1/2 of the V + supply and be bypassed to the analog ground plane with a 1μF (tantalum or better) capacitor (Figu ...
![Ask the Applications Engineer—30 by Adrian Fox [] PLL SYNTHESIZERS](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000068689_1-dc1ef7b58d77ba17e07788048243a0eb-300x300.png)
Ask the Applications Engineer—30 by Adrian Fox [] PLL SYNTHESIZERS
... designers. Phase-noise performance in the ADF4113 family is typically 6 dB better than the National equivalent and >10 dB better than Fujitsu or Philips equivalents.The extended choice of prescaler settings protects the designer from being compromised in selecting a higher PFD frequency by the ‘P2 – ...
... designers. Phase-noise performance in the ADF4113 family is typically 6 dB better than the National equivalent and >10 dB better than Fujitsu or Philips equivalents.The extended choice of prescaler settings protects the designer from being compromised in selecting a higher PFD frequency by the ‘P2 – ...
Physical Layer
... • Given a bit rate of b bits/sec, the time required to send 8 bits (for example) is 8/b sec, so the frequency of the first harmonic is b/8 Hz. An ordinary telephone line, often called a voice grade line, has an artificially introduced cutoff frequency near 3000 Hz. This restriction means that the nu ...
... • Given a bit rate of b bits/sec, the time required to send 8 bits (for example) is 8/b sec, so the frequency of the first harmonic is b/8 Hz. An ordinary telephone line, often called a voice grade line, has an artificially introduced cutoff frequency near 3000 Hz. This restriction means that the nu ...
ECE490_02
... Figure 2-3 AM waveform under varying intelligence signal (ei) conditions. (a) is the base, (b) is a larger modulation amplitude, and (c) is a smaller amplitude and higher frequency of modulation ...
... Figure 2-3 AM waveform under varying intelligence signal (ei) conditions. (a) is the base, (b) is a larger modulation amplitude, and (c) is a smaller amplitude and higher frequency of modulation ...
IDT23S05T - Integrated Device Technology
... For designs utilizing zero I/O Delay, all outputs including CLKOUT must be equally loaded. Even if the output is not used, it must have a capacitive load equal to that on the other outputs in order to obtain true zero I/O Delay. For zero output-to-output skew, all outputs must be loaded equally. ...
... For designs utilizing zero I/O Delay, all outputs including CLKOUT must be equally loaded. Even if the output is not used, it must have a capacitive load equal to that on the other outputs in order to obtain true zero I/O Delay. For zero output-to-output skew, all outputs must be loaded equally. ...
Quantum Phase Noise and Field Correlation in Single Frequency
... systems is discussed in terms of photocurrent autocorrelation and spectral density functions. The general treatment given in this paper can be applied in diverse practical cases and points out the problems of phase correlation and phase matching between the two mixed optical beams. In the more gener ...
... systems is discussed in terms of photocurrent autocorrelation and spectral density functions. The general treatment given in this paper can be applied in diverse practical cases and points out the problems of phase correlation and phase matching between the two mixed optical beams. In the more gener ...
Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: imaging based on Raman free induction decay
... into the bead and tuned to a Raman shift centered at 3054 cm⫺1 , and therefore coherently exciting all the vibrational modes shown in the inset of Fig. 3共a兲. The measured RFID curve exhibits an initial fast decay of the IRF, followed by a single exponential decay with a time constant of about ⬃390 f ...
... into the bead and tuned to a Raman shift centered at 3054 cm⫺1 , and therefore coherently exciting all the vibrational modes shown in the inset of Fig. 3共a兲. The measured RFID curve exhibits an initial fast decay of the IRF, followed by a single exponential decay with a time constant of about ⬃390 f ...
Basic Operation of a Frequency Synthesizer
... if division ratios are high. Dividers normally do not produce a significant noise contribution. Any noise they produce may be combined with that of the phase detector. The combined noise of the loop at the output generally looks like that shown in Figure 2. Here it can be seen that the noise within ...
... if division ratios are high. Dividers normally do not produce a significant noise contribution. Any noise they produce may be combined with that of the phase detector. The combined noise of the loop at the output generally looks like that shown in Figure 2. Here it can be seen that the noise within ...
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. Optical spectrum analyzers also exist, which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to make measurements.By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters.The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.