Non-destructive single-pass low-noise detection of ions in a
... measurements in various experimental frameworks. Applications comprise Schottky-type electronic pick-ups in storage rings1–3 and electronic detection in particle traps such as Penning traps, with detection sensitivities ranging down to the single-ion level.4–6 Many implementations rely on fixedfreque ...
... measurements in various experimental frameworks. Applications comprise Schottky-type electronic pick-ups in storage rings1–3 and electronic detection in particle traps such as Penning traps, with detection sensitivities ranging down to the single-ion level.4–6 Many implementations rely on fixedfreque ...
CMOS high-speed dual-modulus frequency divider for RF frequency
... A conventional synchronous sequential circuit consists of some edge-triggered D-type flip-flops which are all clocked with the same signal. There may be combinational circuits between the flip-flops. Fig. 2(a) shows the configuration of a sequential circuit cell, a flip-flop, and its following combi ...
... A conventional synchronous sequential circuit consists of some edge-triggered D-type flip-flops which are all clocked with the same signal. There may be combinational circuits between the flip-flops. Fig. 2(a) shows the configuration of a sequential circuit cell, a flip-flop, and its following combi ...
Agilent - Keysight
... simplest to make. The device under test (DUT) is simply connected to the analyzer’s input and the analyzer is tuned to the carrier frequency of the DUT. Next the power of the carrier is measured and a measurement of the power spectral density of the oscillator noise, at a specified offset frequency, ...
... simplest to make. The device under test (DUT) is simply connected to the analyzer’s input and the analyzer is tuned to the carrier frequency of the DUT. Next the power of the carrier is measured and a measurement of the power spectral density of the oscillator noise, at a specified offset frequency, ...
Frequency-Dependent Optical Constants of Water Ice Obtained
... wavelength (n and k), in addition to the size distribution parameters for each spectrum. Fortunately, this heavily overparameterized picture can be greatly simplified if we take advantage of the fact that the spectra of small particles are primarily dependent on the imaginary component of the refrac ...
... wavelength (n and k), in addition to the size distribution parameters for each spectrum. Fortunately, this heavily overparameterized picture can be greatly simplified if we take advantage of the fact that the spectra of small particles are primarily dependent on the imaginary component of the refrac ...
Diode Laser Control Electronics Diode Laser Locking and Linewidth
... Both change the wavelength by changing the optical cavity length. Piezos generally have resonance frequencies that can limit the regulation bandwidth. While conventional ECDLs have resonance frequencies around 1 kHz, modern ones like TOPTICA’s DL pro show their first resonance frequency above 4 kHz, ...
... Both change the wavelength by changing the optical cavity length. Piezos generally have resonance frequencies that can limit the regulation bandwidth. While conventional ECDLs have resonance frequencies around 1 kHz, modern ones like TOPTICA’s DL pro show their first resonance frequency above 4 kHz, ...
a new principle of digital fractional frequency synthesizer
... disadvantages. Direct analog synthesis uses the functional elements of multiplication, division and other mathematical manipulation to produce the desired frequency, but this method is a very expensive. DDS uses logic and memory to digitally construct the desired output signal. On the output, digita ...
... disadvantages. Direct analog synthesis uses the functional elements of multiplication, division and other mathematical manipulation to produce the desired frequency, but this method is a very expensive. DDS uses logic and memory to digitally construct the desired output signal. On the output, digita ...
Analyzing Data Streams by Online DFT
... yt = k=0 ck · xt−k + j=1 dj · yt−j . The M + 1 coefficients ck and the N coefficients dj are fixed and define the filter response. There exists an elaborate theory on how to determine the coefficients ck and dj for a given pass band. In the later sections we use Chebyshev filters, but any other filt ...
... yt = k=0 ck · xt−k + j=1 dj · yt−j . The M + 1 coefficients ck and the N coefficients dj are fixed and define the filter response. There exists an elaborate theory on how to determine the coefficients ck and dj for a given pass band. In the later sections we use Chebyshev filters, but any other filt ...
AN-5059 LVDS Technology Solves Typical EMI Problems
... spectrum analyzer with antenna sets for a given band. This method is highly effective for far field highly sensitive measurements wherein the circuit boards, cable lengths, and over all product design can have a dramatic impact resulting in a very specific EMI signature for a given product. This mea ...
... spectrum analyzer with antenna sets for a given band. This method is highly effective for far field highly sensitive measurements wherein the circuit boards, cable lengths, and over all product design can have a dramatic impact resulting in a very specific EMI signature for a given product. This mea ...
00 Fourier optics – 4f Arrangement – Filtering and reconstruction
... where G (Ox,Oy) is the Fourier transformation of the non-raster image. In addition, the fact that the Fourier transformation of an comb function is also a comb function. This means that the Fourier spectrum once again a grid which is formed by the reiteration of the spectrum of the non-raster image ...
... where G (Ox,Oy) is the Fourier transformation of the non-raster image. In addition, the fact that the Fourier transformation of an comb function is also a comb function. This means that the Fourier spectrum once again a grid which is formed by the reiteration of the spectrum of the non-raster image ...
Implementation of FSK Modulation and
... In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is encoding of information on a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. Digital data can be encoded and transmitted via carrier wave by shifting the carrier's frequency among a predefined set of frequenci ...
... In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is encoding of information on a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. Digital data can be encoded and transmitted via carrier wave by shifting the carrier's frequency among a predefined set of frequenci ...
Electronic Laser Phase Noise Reduction
... spectrum. The heterodyne laser spectrum before and after phase noise reduction was measured, as depicted in Fig. 8(d). This measurement shows that the original linewidth of the laser is reduced from 6MHz to 250kHz, which is equivalent to approximately 14dB improvement in the phase noise. The perform ...
... spectrum. The heterodyne laser spectrum before and after phase noise reduction was measured, as depicted in Fig. 8(d). This measurement shows that the original linewidth of the laser is reduced from 6MHz to 250kHz, which is equivalent to approximately 14dB improvement in the phase noise. The perform ...
Lecture Notes
... In Line communication the media of transmission is a pair of conductors called transmission line. In this technique signals are directly transmitted through the transmission lines. The installation and maintenance of a transmission line is not only costly and complex, but also overcrowds the open sp ...
... In Line communication the media of transmission is a pair of conductors called transmission line. In this technique signals are directly transmitted through the transmission lines. The installation and maintenance of a transmission line is not only costly and complex, but also overcrowds the open sp ...
AN-384 Audio Noise Reduction and Masking
... resonance of the ear—between 700 Hz and 1 kHz—and even then SPL's higher than 75 dB are needed for masking noise at 16 dBSPL. Fortunately for n.r. systems in general, including compandors, this applies only to pure tones. As soon as the tone acquires distortion, frequency modulation or transient qua ...
... resonance of the ear—between 700 Hz and 1 kHz—and even then SPL's higher than 75 dB are needed for masking noise at 16 dBSPL. Fortunately for n.r. systems in general, including compandors, this applies only to pure tones. As soon as the tone acquires distortion, frequency modulation or transient qua ...
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. Optical spectrum analyzers also exist, which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to make measurements.By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters.The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.