Signal to noise ratio (SNR)
... like ISI (inter symbol interference) jitter, comes from system consideration and are not part of this presentation. Since most jitter in a electrical circuit is caused by thermal noise, which has a Gaussian distribution, random jitter also follows a Gaussian distribution (Normal distribution). Jitte ...
... like ISI (inter symbol interference) jitter, comes from system consideration and are not part of this presentation. Since most jitter in a electrical circuit is caused by thermal noise, which has a Gaussian distribution, random jitter also follows a Gaussian distribution (Normal distribution). Jitte ...
Detection of Stator Short Circuit Faults in Three-Phase
... Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the different types of stator winding problems except open-circuit of the stator coil which is out of scope of this paper. Several studies [5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20] report that depending on the type of shorts, and condition of motor (age, working condition, ...
... Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the different types of stator winding problems except open-circuit of the stator coil which is out of scope of this paper. Several studies [5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20] report that depending on the type of shorts, and condition of motor (age, working condition, ...
AN139A - NXP Semiconductors
... the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters ...
... the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters ...
Active_Filter_Lab
... encountered in active filters that need to be overcome. The first is that there is still a gain bandwidth limitation that arises. The second is the bandwidth in general. In a high pass filter there is going to be high frequency roll off due to the limitations of the Op Amp used. This is very hard to ...
... encountered in active filters that need to be overcome. The first is that there is still a gain bandwidth limitation that arises. The second is the bandwidth in general. In a high pass filter there is going to be high frequency roll off due to the limitations of the Op Amp used. This is very hard to ...
Impact of VSWR on the Uncertainty Analysis of Harmonics
... uncertainty voltages for the type “B” terms were generated by multiplying the uncertainty ratios by the harmonic voltage specification. As an example, for spectrum analyzer uncertainty, at 0.35Vpp, the harmonic voltage would be 0.35 * 10^(-33/20) = 0.0078Vpp. The uncertainty would be 12% times that ...
... uncertainty voltages for the type “B” terms were generated by multiplying the uncertainty ratios by the harmonic voltage specification. As an example, for spectrum analyzer uncertainty, at 0.35Vpp, the harmonic voltage would be 0.35 * 10^(-33/20) = 0.0078Vpp. The uncertainty would be 12% times that ...
ELEC7770 Advanced VLSI Design Spring 2007
... Separate power measurements are made for the fundamental and each harmonic. THD is tested at specified power level because THD may be small at low power levels. Harmonics appear when the output power of an RF device is raised. ...
... Separate power measurements are made for the fundamental and each harmonic. THD is tested at specified power level because THD may be small at low power levels. Harmonics appear when the output power of an RF device is raised. ...
Characterization of Acoustic Transients: Calibration and
... procedures similar to those used to measure peSPL. 2. For the supra-aural earphone measures, there was a substantially greater range of differences between the two pSPL measures, as compared to that observed for the insert earphones. 3. Sources of differences between the two measures may include: a. ...
... procedures similar to those used to measure peSPL. 2. For the supra-aural earphone measures, there was a substantially greater range of differences between the two pSPL measures, as compared to that observed for the insert earphones. 3. Sources of differences between the two measures may include: a. ...
Avoiding Harmonic Resonance with Low Pass
... combined impedance will be very high, so any harmonic current present may cause large harmonic voltages to be present. For series resonance, where the L and C components appear electrically in series with each other, XL=XC and therefore the combined impedance is very low. This means that if harmonic ...
... combined impedance will be very high, so any harmonic current present may cause large harmonic voltages to be present. For series resonance, where the L and C components appear electrically in series with each other, XL=XC and therefore the combined impedance is very low. This means that if harmonic ...
Synopsis by Lori Moore
... edges and is not infinite in extent there are error introduced into the PSD. This becomes less of a problem as the spatial frequency increases for a particular measurement. For the higher spatial frequencies the relative size of the measurement window is larger than for the lower spatial frequencies ...
... edges and is not infinite in extent there are error introduced into the PSD. This becomes less of a problem as the spatial frequency increases for a particular measurement. For the higher spatial frequencies the relative size of the measurement window is larger than for the lower spatial frequencies ...
Comparison of Electromagnetic Interference
... When plotting the current or voltage curve over time, we obtain function f(t) = u(t), i(t), respectively, in the time range. The signal can be displayed in the time range using an oscilloscope. In the frequency range, we plot voltage or current components over frequency. Here, sine-wave signals of v ...
... When plotting the current or voltage curve over time, we obtain function f(t) = u(t), i(t), respectively, in the time range. The signal can be displayed in the time range using an oscilloscope. In the frequency range, we plot voltage or current components over frequency. Here, sine-wave signals of v ...
On-Chip Techniques for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
... current losses, harmonic distortion, and reduction in the permeability of the material. It is also the reason for injection of high frequency noise in power lines and wires acting as antennas that directly emit radiation. When these problems are created inside a chip it hampers the normal functional ...
... current losses, harmonic distortion, and reduction in the permeability of the material. It is also the reason for injection of high frequency noise in power lines and wires acting as antennas that directly emit radiation. When these problems are created inside a chip it hampers the normal functional ...
Noise - nptel
... • The physical channel may also allow some interfering signals, which are undesired • The channel itself may have a limitation in bandwidth which may lead to some kind of distortion of the transmitted signal. Usually the strength of the signal at the receiver input is so low that it needs amplificat ...
... • The physical channel may also allow some interfering signals, which are undesired • The channel itself may have a limitation in bandwidth which may lead to some kind of distortion of the transmitted signal. Usually the strength of the signal at the receiver input is so low that it needs amplificat ...
A HBAR-oscillator-based 4.596~ GHz frequency source: Application
... tride (AlN) is deposited under vacuum. The low-acoustic loss substrate defines each mode Q-factor: the lower the losses, the better the quality factor. Here, sapphire is selected for its excellent properties in the microwave frequency range20 . The resonance frequency fp of the piezoelectric film fu ...
... tride (AlN) is deposited under vacuum. The low-acoustic loss substrate defines each mode Q-factor: the lower the losses, the better the quality factor. Here, sapphire is selected for its excellent properties in the microwave frequency range20 . The resonance frequency fp of the piezoelectric film fu ...
WPS-343724-02
... used to evaluate the WPS343724-02 hardware. The 4 watt device in the ‘02’ package has a limited temperature range of approximately 60°C. An earless flange or flange package is offered with better Tjc and can be used at much higher temperatures. Please consult the factory for your specific applicatio ...
... used to evaluate the WPS343724-02 hardware. The 4 watt device in the ‘02’ package has a limited temperature range of approximately 60°C. An earless flange or flange package is offered with better Tjc and can be used at much higher temperatures. Please consult the factory for your specific applicatio ...
LMM Auger spectra of Cu, Zn, Ga, and Ge, II. Relationship with the L
... Ga, and Ge are shown on a relative energy scale. Aside from the overall resemblance between the spectra of the four materials there are also certain differences. The most important features to be noticed are the following: (a) The relative intensity of the I., part of the spectra as compared with th ...
... Ga, and Ge are shown on a relative energy scale. Aside from the overall resemblance between the spectra of the four materials there are also certain differences. The most important features to be noticed are the following: (a) The relative intensity of the I., part of the spectra as compared with th ...
Good Practice Guide to Phase Noise Measurement Measurement
... 1.2 Scaling noise and bandwidth Most measurement systems do not measure phase noise in a 1 Hz bandwidth. In addition, if the significance of the presence of phase noise on a system is to be understood, the impact has to be assessed over a band of offset frequencies. It is therefore important to unde ...
... 1.2 Scaling noise and bandwidth Most measurement systems do not measure phase noise in a 1 Hz bandwidth. In addition, if the significance of the presence of phase noise on a system is to be understood, the impact has to be assessed over a band of offset frequencies. It is therefore important to unde ...
4.2.2 – Passive RC Filters
... The circuit consists of a resistor in series with a capacitor. The output voltage is taken across the capacitor as shown. In order to understand the way in which the circuit works we must remember that we are essentially dealing with an a.c. circuit. In an a.c. circuit capacitors behave in a differe ...
... The circuit consists of a resistor in series with a capacitor. The output voltage is taken across the capacitor as shown. In order to understand the way in which the circuit works we must remember that we are essentially dealing with an a.c. circuit. In an a.c. circuit capacitors behave in a differe ...
Radio Receivers
... The harmonics are substantially reduced by the use of band pass filter which passes only the minimum bandwidth necessary to preserve the information signal. The If amplifiers are specially designed for ideal saturation and is called limiter. The detector stage consists of discriminator and de-emphas ...
... The harmonics are substantially reduced by the use of band pass filter which passes only the minimum bandwidth necessary to preserve the information signal. The If amplifiers are specially designed for ideal saturation and is called limiter. The detector stage consists of discriminator and de-emphas ...
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. Optical spectrum analyzers also exist, which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to make measurements.By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters.The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.