A Method of Accurately Measuring Shielding
... Figure 2 shows a sample of shielding material placed between the loops. To the extent the material is conductive, it can be considered to consist of an infinite number of conductive loops. The magnetic field from the first loop will induce eddy currents in the shielding material that flow in such a ...
... Figure 2 shows a sample of shielding material placed between the loops. To the extent the material is conductive, it can be considered to consist of an infinite number of conductive loops. The magnetic field from the first loop will induce eddy currents in the shielding material that flow in such a ...
0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise Filter
... oscilloscope. This measurement is a common figure of merit given in amplifier data sheets. The standard bandwidth used in these measurements is 0.1Hz to 10Hz. Many precision amplifiers will have a total noise on the order of 100nVp-p referred to input (RTI). The gain of this circuit is set to make t ...
... oscilloscope. This measurement is a common figure of merit given in amplifier data sheets. The standard bandwidth used in these measurements is 0.1Hz to 10Hz. Many precision amplifiers will have a total noise on the order of 100nVp-p referred to input (RTI). The gain of this circuit is set to make t ...
A 1.9-GHz Wide-Band IF Double Conversion CMOS
... Fig. 4. Frequency domain interpretation of the wide-band IF image-rejection mixer. Low-pass filters not shown for simplicity. ...
... Fig. 4. Frequency domain interpretation of the wide-band IF image-rejection mixer. Low-pass filters not shown for simplicity. ...
7 Frequency response and filtering
... In some applications, such as audio, the phase response of a filter has very little effect on perceived sound so it is sufficient to consider only the amplitude response In other applications, such as television, phase characteristics are important In general, for distortion-less filtering of a sign ...
... In some applications, such as audio, the phase response of a filter has very little effect on perceived sound so it is sufficient to consider only the amplitude response In other applications, such as television, phase characteristics are important In general, for distortion-less filtering of a sign ...
LTC1569-7 - Linear Technology
... not require an external clock yet its cutoff frequency can be set with a single external resistor with a typical accuracy of 3.5% or better. The external resistor programs an internal oscillator whose frequency is divided by either 1, 4 or 16 prior to being applied to the filter network. Pin 5 deter ...
... not require an external clock yet its cutoff frequency can be set with a single external resistor with a typical accuracy of 3.5% or better. The external resistor programs an internal oscillator whose frequency is divided by either 1, 4 or 16 prior to being applied to the filter network. Pin 5 deter ...
Difficult to Measure and Remove Trace Levels of Urea in
... the TOC analyzers. Such compounds can ionize in water, forming organic cations which cause the conductivity to decrease and confuse the direct-conductometric method TOC analyzers A, C, and D. These analyzers would not measure the expected TOC increase and, therefore, would report a near-zero TOC con ...
... the TOC analyzers. Such compounds can ionize in water, forming organic cations which cause the conductivity to decrease and confuse the direct-conductometric method TOC analyzers A, C, and D. These analyzers would not measure the expected TOC increase and, therefore, would report a near-zero TOC con ...
UNIT - WordPress.com
... Thermal noise: Random free electron movement in a conductor (resistor) due to thermal agitation. Shot noise: Due to random variation in current superimposed upon the DC value. It is due to variation in arrival time of charge carriers in active devices. Flicker noise: Observed at very low frequencies ...
... Thermal noise: Random free electron movement in a conductor (resistor) due to thermal agitation. Shot noise: Due to random variation in current superimposed upon the DC value. It is due to variation in arrival time of charge carriers in active devices. Flicker noise: Observed at very low frequencies ...
Reducing RF205x Synthesizer Lock Time
... PLL Settling Time=2.5 / Loop Bandwidth So for a typical RF205x synthesizer loop bandwidth of 60kHz then the PLL settling time would be expected to be somewhere in the region of 42usecs. The loop filter can be widened to speed up settling, but this will have an effect on synthesizer phase noise. It w ...
... PLL Settling Time=2.5 / Loop Bandwidth So for a typical RF205x synthesizer loop bandwidth of 60kHz then the PLL settling time would be expected to be somewhere in the region of 42usecs. The loop filter can be widened to speed up settling, but this will have an effect on synthesizer phase noise. It w ...
Introduction
... a multiple of λ/2. The complete functional relationship between I(x) and x is given by the cosine function ...
... a multiple of λ/2. The complete functional relationship between I(x) and x is given by the cosine function ...
A Differential 4-bit 6.5–10-GHz RF MEMS Tunable Filter
... Young et al. [16], and Brank et al. [17] presented excellent tunable filters with high-frequency resolution at 0.8–2 GHz. However, existing digital MEMS filters at microwave frequencies GHz do not have enough resolution to result in near continuous coverage of the frequency band. The MEMS filter in ...
... Young et al. [16], and Brank et al. [17] presented excellent tunable filters with high-frequency resolution at 0.8–2 GHz. However, existing digital MEMS filters at microwave frequencies GHz do not have enough resolution to result in near continuous coverage of the frequency band. The MEMS filter in ...
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. Optical spectrum analyzers also exist, which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to make measurements.By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters.The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.