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Realism, Philosophy and Social Science
Realism, Philosophy and Social Science

... nature and significance of everyday experiences. More on these difficult questions later. It must suffice for now to say that we all see the label ‘realism’ as indicating our belief that there exists an objective world independent of our ideas of it and that the world as experienced is not co-termin ...
System
System

... Central Theoretical Groups  Psychoanalysis: Focus on the inner processes; behavior seen as a consequence of inner energy based on feelings. ...
Understanding Customers (Marketing)
Understanding Customers (Marketing)

... The logic of such a situation is that there is likely to be little significant difference between many competing products within a market. It seems likely that future marketing efforts will focus increasingly on aspects of customer care as a way of creating a differential between products, as sugges ...
"Social innovation". - Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund
"Social innovation". - Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund

... innovations instigated by few “basic innovations” (turning points in social change) applies to social innovations as well. Society develops and breeds social innovations in forms of new practices, institutions, “rites, techniques, customs, manners and mores”v, plus technology and technological innov ...
Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data
Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data

... be mentioned that our measure of prejudice can be viewed as dichotomisation of underlying continuous variable. The dichotomisation introduces an amount of random measurement error in the model and weakens the correlations between the variables. This increased level of measurement error may lead to w ...
learning - Science of Psychology Home
learning - Science of Psychology Home

... part of the digestive process. This led him to the discovery of the salivary gland and the salivary reflex. Pavlov found that putting food powder on a dog’s tongue would trigger the salivary reflex (Pavlov, 1897/1902). He won a Nobel Prize in 1904 for this work. It was another discovery, though, tha ...
aust dortmund.de
aust dortmund.de

... by surprise, nor will it obliterate the age-old attempt to prognosticate the future. Yet even carefully science-based analysis cannot include unknown features of the future that turn out to be most effectual. It is extremely improbable to predict in real terms unpredictable events with alterative im ...
Transnationalism From Below
Transnationalism From Below

... organization across national spaces. Moving deftly between microand macro-analyses, the studies in this volume expand the boundaries of the current scholarship on transnationalism, locate new forms of transnational agency, and pose provocative questions that challenge prevailing interpretations of g ...
Social solidarities: the search for solidarity in
Social solidarities: the search for solidarity in

... order   is   at   all   possible   given   the   scarcity   of   material  resources.   The   answer   of   classical   sociologists   to   this   question   revolved   around   the   concept   of   solidarity.   Their   understanding   of   so ...
The Social System
The Social System

... find that certain themes and theories help to make sense of social events in the early 21st century more effectively than others. While certain theories will be preferred, this does not mean that other, perhaps older, theories are useless or redundant; all theories are, as they say, bon à penser. This ...
Social Referencing as a Learned Process
Social Referencing as a Learned Process

... In particular, infants are likely to reference (look at) the faces of adults who provide \lalid information cues about behavior consequences, and /lot to reference-or to discount-the facial (or vocal) cues of caregivers who provide invalid or inconsistent information about behavior consequences. Sec ...
Astrology and Meaningfulness:
Astrology and Meaningfulness:

... humanistic perspective; nonetheless, the natural scientific paradigm remains predominant in application to psychological research. Such an approach is concerned with the cause-and-effect (or stimulus–response) relationship between two variables, where one is tested for its influence on the other; an ...
Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences
Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences

... philosophical reader will find nothing new regarding these issues. Instead the reader will find that we argue that the methodological implications of the basic ideas of critical realism make a difference in regard to issues such as generalization, scientific inferences, explanations, the role of the ...
Apples and Oranges:Synthesis without a common denominator
Apples and Oranges:Synthesis without a common denominator

... criteria embedded in different value systems. Social complexity refers to multi-domain and multi-level judgements, which are poorly understood in totality if studied only by conventional causal models, which are unilineal – which means that a single determinable cause leads to a single specific and ...
MS Word - imparalavita
MS Word - imparalavita

... secondary needs; but they also facilitate the satisfaction of basic needs for those who have the necessary money. Example : going to work alone in his car, the employee can no longer satisfy his need for sociality as when traveling by train in friendly company with other commuters. Example : the gro ...
After International Relations: Critical Realism and the
After International Relations: Critical Realism and the

... ‘league of nations’, free trade, rule of law and republicanism. My emphasis on Hume and Kant does not mean that I believe in the great men theory of history of thought. Both Hume and Kant should be understood as participants among many in intellectual debates of their time. Sociologically, they can ...
Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research
Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research

... The examples I use throughout the book to illustrate the approach will be particularly focused upon contemporary social change, and especially changes in contemporary capitalism and their impact on many areas of social life. The set of changes I am referring to are variously identified as ‘globalizat ...
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND THE PROBLEM OF COLLECTIVE
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND THE PROBLEM OF COLLECTIVE

... eight will focus on multidimensionality, hierarchy and their relation to collective subjectivity. Finally, in the conclusion, three goals will be pursued. First I shall undertake to establish clearly and effectively the means to link the theory hitherto carved out to empirical investigations. Next i ...
Social Silicon Valleys (March 2006)
Social Silicon Valleys (March 2006)

... Robert Owen or Muhammad Yunus); sometimes they are understood as resulting from much broader movements of change (such as feminism and environmentalism). Here we look at how innovations have progressed through a series of stages: from the generation of ideas through prototyping and piloting, to scal ...
the mass psychology of fascism
the mass psychology of fascism

... nations. This conclusion is in agreement with the international events of the past fifteen years. My character-analytic experiences have convinced me that there is not a single individual who does not bear the elements of fascist feeling and thinking in his structure. As a political movement fascism ...
Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms
Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms

... of profound economic restructuring. As a consequence, new social problems have emerged that appear to challenge the assumptions underlying post-war Western welfare states. Universal social policies insure against predictable risks that affect people who share the same life-cycle, career pattern, and ...
thinking chickens
thinking chickens

... capacities. To learn more about who chickens are, we turned to scientific research.3 Specifically, we reviewed all of the available peer-reviewed, scientific studies on chicken cognition, emotion, and sociality. Our review focused on complex capacities like time perception, self-awareness, and emoti ...
causation - BU Blogs
causation - BU Blogs

... stop. Causal relationships are, in principle, infinite in their diversity. There is potentially always some new way in which two relationships may co-vary or some new set of causal mechanisms between them. Causal frameworks are equally expansible; there are always new ways of conceptualizing the ways ...
Chapter for Handbook of Research in Small Business and
Chapter for Handbook of Research in Small Business and

... an argument for cross-over between environmental and social issues, especially where sustainability is the over-riding theme, a distinction is made here. The reasoning for this is that environmental issues are primarily related to scientific impact on the environment relating to climate change (usua ...
ECBB 2016 Abstract book.
ECBB 2016 Abstract book.

... Although amphibians have long been considered to have relatively simple cognitive abilities (especially in relation to birds and mammals), recent research contradicts this assumption. Here I review research on several different species of Neotropical poison frogs that illustrate the cognitive comple ...
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Social psychology

In psychology, social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. In this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation. The terms thoughts, feelings, and behaviors include all psychological variables that are measurable in a human being. The statement that others' presence may be imagined or implied suggests that we are prone to social influence even when no other people are present, such as when watching television, or following internalized cultural norms.Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations.Social psychologists therefore deal with the factors that lead us to behave in a given way in the presence of others, and look at the conditions under which certain behavior/actions and feelings occur. Social psychology is concerned with the way these feelings, thoughts, beliefs, intentions and goals are constructed and how such psychological factors, in turn, influence our interactions with others.Social psychology is a discipline that had traditionally bridged the gap between psychology and sociology. During the years immediately following World War II there was frequent collaboration between psychologists and sociologists. However, the two disciplines have become increasingly specialized and isolated from each other in recent years, with sociologists focusing on ""macro variables"" (e.g., social structure) to a much greater extent. Nevertheless, sociological approaches to social psychology remain an important counterpart to psychological research in this area.In addition to the split between psychology and sociology, there has been a somewhat less pronounced difference in emphasis between American social psychologists and European social psychologists. As a generalization, American researchers traditionally have focused more on the individual, whereas Europeans have paid more attention to group level phenomena (see group dynamics).
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