DOWN - Ubiquitous Computing Lab
... retinotopic mapping from the retina to the visual cortex – Two 2D lattices : presynaptic, postsynaptic neurons – Geometric proximity of presynaptic neurons is coded in the form of correlation, and it is used in postsynaptic lattice – Specialized for mapping for same dimension of input and output ...
... retinotopic mapping from the retina to the visual cortex – Two 2D lattices : presynaptic, postsynaptic neurons – Geometric proximity of presynaptic neurons is coded in the form of correlation, and it is used in postsynaptic lattice – Specialized for mapping for same dimension of input and output ...
neural mechanisms for detecting and remembering novel events
... recognition memory12, adaptation has been linked to various perceptual illusions, such as the TILT AFTER-EFFECT, and to optimization of information transmission through TEMPORAL DECORRELATION20. So, the same biophysical mechanism seems to contribute to two different behavioural effects depending on ...
... recognition memory12, adaptation has been linked to various perceptual illusions, such as the TILT AFTER-EFFECT, and to optimization of information transmission through TEMPORAL DECORRELATION20. So, the same biophysical mechanism seems to contribute to two different behavioural effects depending on ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... blue laser (473 nm, CrystaLaser) was controlled via scan mirrors (Cambridge Technology). Light pulses were controlled with a shutter (4 ms open time) in series with a Pockels cell (1 ms pulse) to deliver 0.7–1.8 mW at the specimen plane through a low-power objective (4⫻, 0.16 NA, UPlanApo; Olympus). ...
... blue laser (473 nm, CrystaLaser) was controlled via scan mirrors (Cambridge Technology). Light pulses were controlled with a shutter (4 ms open time) in series with a Pockels cell (1 ms pulse) to deliver 0.7–1.8 mW at the specimen plane through a low-power objective (4⫻, 0.16 NA, UPlanApo; Olympus). ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating on three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes ...
... AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating on three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... and superior laryngeal nerve inspiratory shortening reflex pathways (Karius et al. 1994). These variable findings regarding the role of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors in synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different auton ...
... and superior laryngeal nerve inspiratory shortening reflex pathways (Karius et al. 1994). These variable findings regarding the role of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors in synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different auton ...
Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming
... perhaps most importantly it makes it possible to relate results and models describing one system at di¡erent levels of abstraction or granularity. For example, the electrophysiological properties of a neuron may be accounted for by simulating mathematical descriptions of relevant subcellular mechani ...
... perhaps most importantly it makes it possible to relate results and models describing one system at di¡erent levels of abstraction or granularity. For example, the electrophysiological properties of a neuron may be accounted for by simulating mathematical descriptions of relevant subcellular mechani ...
A View from the Nervous System - Columbia University Medical Center
... evidence that Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp) can generate distinct cell types through actions on target cells at different concentration thresholds (Lawrence and Struhl, 1996). In Xenopus embryos, discrete changes in mesodermal gene expression and cell fate are elicited by 2- to 3-fold diff ...
... evidence that Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp) can generate distinct cell types through actions on target cells at different concentration thresholds (Lawrence and Struhl, 1996). In Xenopus embryos, discrete changes in mesodermal gene expression and cell fate are elicited by 2- to 3-fold diff ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... (γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic) interneurons. Among them parvalbumin (PV) positive cells represent the most frequent group and they are widely distributed across all cortical layers (Fig. 1C). The other two types of neurons described by Wegner and coauthors (2003) reveal faintly labelled PNs. One of the ...
... (γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic) interneurons. Among them parvalbumin (PV) positive cells represent the most frequent group and they are widely distributed across all cortical layers (Fig. 1C). The other two types of neurons described by Wegner and coauthors (2003) reveal faintly labelled PNs. One of the ...
presentation source
... – consider the role of gonadal steroids in altering the morphology of neurons within the hippocampus, and possible differences that exist between males and females in learning and memory; we will also consider the role of adrenal hormones on the process of learning and memory, and the link between e ...
... – consider the role of gonadal steroids in altering the morphology of neurons within the hippocampus, and possible differences that exist between males and females in learning and memory; we will also consider the role of adrenal hormones on the process of learning and memory, and the link between e ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... might be due to redundant peripheral and central sensory mechanisms that are inherent in the thermoregulatory system to secure the maintenance of thermal homeostasis. There are several findings suggesting a role of TRPV1 in thermoregulatory and metabolic functions. TRPV1 is a TRP channel that can be ...
... might be due to redundant peripheral and central sensory mechanisms that are inherent in the thermoregulatory system to secure the maintenance of thermal homeostasis. There are several findings suggesting a role of TRPV1 in thermoregulatory and metabolic functions. TRPV1 is a TRP channel that can be ...
Auris Nasus Larynx 34 (2008) 1-10
... In contrast to cochlear hair cells vestibular HC have a ciliary bundle comprised of 70-100+ stereocilia and one longer Kinocilium [16, 17]. This Kinocilium is located at the end of the ciliary bundle where the longest sterocilia are located. The significance of this arrangement is that when the cili ...
... In contrast to cochlear hair cells vestibular HC have a ciliary bundle comprised of 70-100+ stereocilia and one longer Kinocilium [16, 17]. This Kinocilium is located at the end of the ciliary bundle where the longest sterocilia are located. The significance of this arrangement is that when the cili ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... specify every detail in a blueprint; nor do genes include every instruction for how a brain is assembled and wired. The process of building a brain is just too complex to be encoded entirely and precisely in genes. For this reason, the fate of billions of brain cells is left partly open, especially ...
... specify every detail in a blueprint; nor do genes include every instruction for how a brain is assembled and wired. The process of building a brain is just too complex to be encoded entirely and precisely in genes. For this reason, the fate of billions of brain cells is left partly open, especially ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... Abstract: Face recognition is successful by using Gabor filter and neural networks. In this paper we present a biometric system of face detection and recognition in color images. In this 40 different Gabor filters are applied on an image will result 40 different images with different orientations. T ...
... Abstract: Face recognition is successful by using Gabor filter and neural networks. In this paper we present a biometric system of face detection and recognition in color images. In this 40 different Gabor filters are applied on an image will result 40 different images with different orientations. T ...
Lbx1 marks a subset of interneurons in chick hindbrain and spinal cord
... Ventrally, the Lbx1 domain exceeds the Tlx3 domain (Fig. 1J) and partially overlaps with the ventral Lim1 stripe (Fig. 1K, arrow) and the medial Pax2 stripe (Fig. 1L, arrow). At all stages, Lbx1 is expressed ventral to the dorsal interneurons de®ned by LH2B (Fig. 1N), the dorsal Lim1 stripe (Fig. 1K ...
... Ventrally, the Lbx1 domain exceeds the Tlx3 domain (Fig. 1J) and partially overlaps with the ventral Lim1 stripe (Fig. 1K, arrow) and the medial Pax2 stripe (Fig. 1L, arrow). At all stages, Lbx1 is expressed ventral to the dorsal interneurons de®ned by LH2B (Fig. 1N), the dorsal Lim1 stripe (Fig. 1K ...
Reprint () - Centre de recherche CERVO
... disappears after subsequent ablation of the SP5i (see also Freidberg et al., 1999). For the moment, these ultrastructural and physiologic results are difficult to reconcile with those provided by tract-tracing studies. A confusing issue with most studies that used massive tracer injections to map SP ...
... disappears after subsequent ablation of the SP5i (see also Freidberg et al., 1999). For the moment, these ultrastructural and physiologic results are difficult to reconcile with those provided by tract-tracing studies. A confusing issue with most studies that used massive tracer injections to map SP ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... might be due to redundant peripheral and central sensory mechanisms that are inherent in the thermoregulatory system to secure the maintenance of thermal homeostasis. There are several findings suggesting a role of TRPV1 in thermoregulatory and metabolic functions. TRPV1 is a TRP channel that can be ...
... might be due to redundant peripheral and central sensory mechanisms that are inherent in the thermoregulatory system to secure the maintenance of thermal homeostasis. There are several findings suggesting a role of TRPV1 in thermoregulatory and metabolic functions. TRPV1 is a TRP channel that can be ...
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks
... We propose to explore the use of rectifying nonlinearities as alternatives to the hyperbolic tangent or sigmoid in deep artificial neural networks, in addition to using an L1 regularizer on the activation values to promote sparsity and prevent potential numerical problems with unbounded activation. ...
... We propose to explore the use of rectifying nonlinearities as alternatives to the hyperbolic tangent or sigmoid in deep artificial neural networks, in addition to using an L1 regularizer on the activation values to promote sparsity and prevent potential numerical problems with unbounded activation. ...
Where is Pain Percieved?
... information, such as pain, induced the neural oscillations [1]. Previously to this research, there was research done showing the cortical representation of relevant sensory information was related to neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency band ranging from approximately 40100 Hz. This research ...
... information, such as pain, induced the neural oscillations [1]. Previously to this research, there was research done showing the cortical representation of relevant sensory information was related to neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency band ranging from approximately 40100 Hz. This research ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related response, because during examination of a large number of neurons in ...
... responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related response, because during examination of a large number of neurons in ...
Techniques and Methods to Implement Neural Networks Using SAS
... In order to understand our algorithm clearly now we will give mathematical description for this Feedforward Backpropagation net. Here there are two matrices M1 and M2 whose elements are the weights on connections. M1 refers to the interface between the input and hidden layers, and M2 refers to that ...
... In order to understand our algorithm clearly now we will give mathematical description for this Feedforward Backpropagation net. Here there are two matrices M1 and M2 whose elements are the weights on connections. M1 refers to the interface between the input and hidden layers, and M2 refers to that ...
Slide 8
... are similar to neurotransmitters but they travel through the bloodstream. The hormones once secreted into the bloodstream travel throughout the body until they reach their target, which could include not only other endocrine glands but also muscles and organs. The pituitary gland or master gland ove ...
... are similar to neurotransmitters but they travel through the bloodstream. The hormones once secreted into the bloodstream travel throughout the body until they reach their target, which could include not only other endocrine glands but also muscles and organs. The pituitary gland or master gland ove ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides data concerning the scaling of neuronal somatodendritic geometry with increasing body and brain size (Tower 19 ...
... et al. 2009). Thus, examination of neuronal morphology in elephants is essential for understanding broader phylogenetic patterns of neuromorphological evolution in Afrotherians and provides data concerning the scaling of neuronal somatodendritic geometry with increasing body and brain size (Tower 19 ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.