There is No Puzzle about the Low Entropy Past
... actual macrostate. Assuming they are all equally probable, this seems to imply that each state has zero probability. Technically this is a nonstarter. Yet giving different probabilities as a function of the number of microstates that “look like” a certain macrostate is crucial to statistical mechani ...
... actual macrostate. Assuming they are all equally probable, this seems to imply that each state has zero probability. Technically this is a nonstarter. Yet giving different probabilities as a function of the number of microstates that “look like” a certain macrostate is crucial to statistical mechani ...
Distances in Cosmology One of the most basic measurements that
... If you know the distance between your viewing points and the angle of difference, you know the distance to an object. This principle was used to determine the distance to the Sun (by measuring the apparent times at which Venus crossed the Sun’s limb). Then, knowing this distance, parallax has been u ...
... If you know the distance between your viewing points and the angle of difference, you know the distance to an object. This principle was used to determine the distance to the Sun (by measuring the apparent times at which Venus crossed the Sun’s limb). Then, knowing this distance, parallax has been u ...
Electric Field of a Uniform Charge Density
... A solution for which the interior electric field has the cylindrical form (4) exists for any value of V0 , since this only contributes to the uniform component of the surface charge distribution, which does not affect the interior electric field. In particular, there exists a solution (V0 = 2π a2 /3) ...
... A solution for which the interior electric field has the cylindrical form (4) exists for any value of V0 , since this only contributes to the uniform component of the surface charge distribution, which does not affect the interior electric field. In particular, there exists a solution (V0 = 2π a2 /3) ...
The Big Bang and Stellar Evolution
... theory) that *Harwit’s research should be mentioned in more detail: *Harwit’s research dealt with the mathematical likelihood that hydrogen atoms could stick together and form tiny grains of several atoms, by the random sticking of interstellar atoms and molecules to a single nucleus as they passed ...
... theory) that *Harwit’s research should be mentioned in more detail: *Harwit’s research dealt with the mathematical likelihood that hydrogen atoms could stick together and form tiny grains of several atoms, by the random sticking of interstellar atoms and molecules to a single nucleus as they passed ...
Spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy at redshift z=8.6
... z 5 8.5549 6 0.0020 for Lya. The integrated spectrum was extracted from a square aperture of 5 3 5 pixels, corresponding to 0.62599 3 0.62599, which is approximately the size of the seeing disk. The measured line full-width at halfmaximum is 9.2 6 1.2 Å, which is about 1s greater than the instrumen ...
... z 5 8.5549 6 0.0020 for Lya. The integrated spectrum was extracted from a square aperture of 5 3 5 pixels, corresponding to 0.62599 3 0.62599, which is approximately the size of the seeing disk. The measured line full-width at halfmaximum is 9.2 6 1.2 Å, which is about 1s greater than the instrumen ...
Problems and Solutions
... account the boiling on the surface separating the liquids A and B, although this effect was the essence of the problem. Part of the students, who did notice this effect, assumed a priori that the liquid with lower boiling temperature "must" be the first to evaporate. In general, this need not be tru ...
... account the boiling on the surface separating the liquids A and B, although this effect was the essence of the problem. Part of the students, who did notice this effect, assumed a priori that the liquid with lower boiling temperature "must" be the first to evaporate. In general, this need not be tru ...
Teachers` guide
... appearance. Also, a part of supernova explosion which is called as Type Ia has a feature that the absolute magnitude of maximum brightness becomes the same in any case. The absolute magnitude is known in that type; therefore, by comparing with the apparent magnitude, we can get a clue about measurin ...
... appearance. Also, a part of supernova explosion which is called as Type Ia has a feature that the absolute magnitude of maximum brightness becomes the same in any case. The absolute magnitude is known in that type; therefore, by comparing with the apparent magnitude, we can get a clue about measurin ...
Talk1_Nardi
... Mathematical formulation of the CGC Z= Effective theory defined below some cutoff X0 : gluon field in the presence of an external source r. The source arises from quarks and gluons with x ≥ X0 The weight function F[r] satisfies renormalization group equations (theory independent of X0). The equatio ...
... Mathematical formulation of the CGC Z= Effective theory defined below some cutoff X0 : gluon field in the presence of an external source r. The source arises from quarks and gluons with x ≥ X0 The weight function F[r] satisfies renormalization group equations (theory independent of X0). The equatio ...
Astro 6590: Galaxies and the Universe Astro
... 1. Galaxies are easily discernible as discrete entities, whereas groups and clusters are not. • Characteristic sizes? • Topologies? • Origin? • On what scale does the cosmological principle hold? If we select a star at random in the universe, it would nearly always be possible to identify its parent ...
... 1. Galaxies are easily discernible as discrete entities, whereas groups and clusters are not. • Characteristic sizes? • Topologies? • Origin? • On what scale does the cosmological principle hold? If we select a star at random in the universe, it would nearly always be possible to identify its parent ...
Sci-Fi Helper - Parallel Universes
... Bat'leth tournament. Shocked, Worf tells her he received no concussion and hurries to his quarters to retrieve his trophy to prove he won the contest. When he gets there, he finds a trophy that reads "Ninth Place." Beverly tries to ease Worf's worries by assuring him that his memory will return if h ...
... Bat'leth tournament. Shocked, Worf tells her he received no concussion and hurries to his quarters to retrieve his trophy to prove he won the contest. When he gets there, he finds a trophy that reads "Ninth Place." Beverly tries to ease Worf's worries by assuring him that his memory will return if h ...
Sci-Fi Helper - Parallel Universes
... Bat'leth tournament. Shocked, Worf tells her he received no concussion and hurries to his quarters to retrieve his trophy to prove he won the contest. When he gets there, he finds a trophy that reads "Ninth Place." Beverly tries to ease Worf's worries by assuring him that his memory will return if h ...
... Bat'leth tournament. Shocked, Worf tells her he received no concussion and hurries to his quarters to retrieve his trophy to prove he won the contest. When he gets there, he finds a trophy that reads "Ninth Place." Beverly tries to ease Worf's worries by assuring him that his memory will return if h ...
CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE
... provide a sense of the mystery and majesty of the universe. As with our ancestors back beyond recorded time, we can’t help but wonder what kind of Universe is this? What are its fundamental laws? How old is it? How big? What does it contain? How has it changed with time, and what may be its future? ...
... provide a sense of the mystery and majesty of the universe. As with our ancestors back beyond recorded time, we can’t help but wonder what kind of Universe is this? What are its fundamental laws? How old is it? How big? What does it contain? How has it changed with time, and what may be its future? ...
Homework Assignment 10 Solution Set
... ~ top plate · d~l + E ~ bottom plate · d~l = −wd ∂B − E ∂t where w is the length of one side of the plates. Multiplying both sides by the total charge ±Q and dividing by the length w (taking each individual line integral along the plate of length w) we get the ...
... ~ top plate · d~l + E ~ bottom plate · d~l = −wd ∂B − E ∂t where w is the length of one side of the plates. Multiplying both sides by the total charge ±Q and dividing by the length w (taking each individual line integral along the plate of length w) we get the ...
The theory of dipoles vortex Author: Prof. Vasile Tudor, The
... motion opposing meanings. On the other hand, implies that the elementary particles and corresponding antiparticles have the same weight in the dual Universe, which is a natural conclusion in the structuring of the existence. In essence, a dipole vortex is a physical model associated with the dialect ...
... motion opposing meanings. On the other hand, implies that the elementary particles and corresponding antiparticles have the same weight in the dual Universe, which is a natural conclusion in the structuring of the existence. In essence, a dipole vortex is a physical model associated with the dialect ...
The density of very massive evolved galaxies to z≃ 1.7
... of S2F1 443 respectively. A SSP that is 1 Gyr old at solar metallicity is superimposed on the observed spectrum of S2F1 511. For the other galaxies, we superimposed on the Amici spectra the best-fitting template (see Table 1). In the case of S2F1 527, the best-fitting starburst template is also show ...
... of S2F1 443 respectively. A SSP that is 1 Gyr old at solar metallicity is superimposed on the observed spectrum of S2F1 511. For the other galaxies, we superimposed on the Amici spectra the best-fitting template (see Table 1). In the case of S2F1 527, the best-fitting starburst template is also show ...
astro-ph/0311464 PDF
... Machian relativity requires that the rotation of the universe induce an equal rotation of a freely mounted bucket at the center of the universe. This of the bucket under UR may be said to be obvious under Machian relativity: if a bucket starts out in alignment with a given star, it would have to rem ...
... Machian relativity requires that the rotation of the universe induce an equal rotation of a freely mounted bucket at the center of the universe. This of the bucket under UR may be said to be obvious under Machian relativity: if a bucket starts out in alignment with a given star, it would have to rem ...
Evolutionary properties of galaxies and mass assembly up
... the LF shape at high redshift appears to be different from what is seen at low redshift. Is this difference due to an increase with cosmic time of the number of faint red galaxies, developing a steep slope of LF of early type galaxies in over-dense regions as in 2dF ? But : a) We do not see any chan ...
... the LF shape at high redshift appears to be different from what is seen at low redshift. Is this difference due to an increase with cosmic time of the number of faint red galaxies, developing a steep slope of LF of early type galaxies in over-dense regions as in 2dF ? But : a) We do not see any chan ...
A marked correlation function for constraining
... defined the density, ρR , appearing in our mark using a Gaussian of width 10 h−1 Mpc. Fig. 1 demonstrates that the sum is dominated on large scales by terms involving 1, b1 and B1 , with the b2 and B2 terms being significantly smaller. Keeping only the contribution from the 1 term in the {· · · } gi ...
... defined the density, ρR , appearing in our mark using a Gaussian of width 10 h−1 Mpc. Fig. 1 demonstrates that the sum is dominated on large scales by terms involving 1, b1 and B1 , with the b2 and B2 terms being significantly smaller. Keeping only the contribution from the 1 term in the {· · · } gi ...
The Formation of Primordial Luminous Objects - SLAC
... (ii) Growth rate changes: in general, perturbations grow because of gravity; however, the details of the process change with time, leaving an imprint on the final processed spectrum. The time teq when the matter density becomes larger than the radiation density is particularly important: before teq ...
... (ii) Growth rate changes: in general, perturbations grow because of gravity; however, the details of the process change with time, leaving an imprint on the final processed spectrum. The time teq when the matter density becomes larger than the radiation density is particularly important: before teq ...
Document
... 2) Similar rock patterns and fossil records The Problems: Wegener couldn't explain how continental drift happened or provide evidence so nobody believed him. Also, he wasn’t a geologist so he had no credibility and there were other explanations for the same evidence. The Answer: Scientists discovere ...
... 2) Similar rock patterns and fossil records The Problems: Wegener couldn't explain how continental drift happened or provide evidence so nobody believed him. Also, he wasn’t a geologist so he had no credibility and there were other explanations for the same evidence. The Answer: Scientists discovere ...
P1 The Earth in the Universe
... 2) Similar rock patterns and fossil records The Problems: Wegener couldn't explain how continental drift happened or provide evidence so nobody believed him. Also, he wasn’t a geologist so he had no credibility and there were other explanations for the same evidence. The Answer: Scientists discovere ...
... 2) Similar rock patterns and fossil records The Problems: Wegener couldn't explain how continental drift happened or provide evidence so nobody believed him. Also, he wasn’t a geologist so he had no credibility and there were other explanations for the same evidence. The Answer: Scientists discovere ...
Topics in Early Universe Cosmology
... fraction of the body of the text. I derived analytically the energy densities, the equation of state parameters, the equations of motions and solved them. I used the Green function method in order to prove that the occurrence of a bounce depends on the initial conditions. • Chapter 3 was published a ...
... fraction of the body of the text. I derived analytically the energy densities, the equation of state parameters, the equations of motions and solved them. I used the Green function method in order to prove that the occurrence of a bounce depends on the initial conditions. • Chapter 3 was published a ...
Test 4 Review Clicker Questions
... The Doppler shifts of 21-cm radiation from hydrogen in the spiral arms provides astronomers with a tool to map out the Galaxy’s structure. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... The Doppler shifts of 21-cm radiation from hydrogen in the spiral arms provides astronomers with a tool to map out the Galaxy’s structure. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Section 1
... • big bang theory the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 3 to 15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions • By the mid-20th century, almost all astronomers and cosmologists accepted the big bang theory. ...
... • big bang theory the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 3 to 15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions • By the mid-20th century, almost all astronomers and cosmologists accepted the big bang theory. ...
Flatness problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that a small deviation from these values would have had massive effects on the nature of the universe at the current time.In the case of the flatness problem, the parameter which appears fine-tuned is the density of matter and energy in the universe. This value affects the curvature of space-time, with a very specific critical value being required for a flat universe. The current density of the universe is observed to be very close to this critical value. Since the total density departs rapidly from the critical value over cosmic time, the early universe must have had a density even closer to the critical density, departing from it by one part in 1062 or less. This leads cosmologists to question how the initial density came to be so closely fine-tuned to this 'special' value.The problem was first mentioned by Robert Dicke in 1969. The most commonly accepted solution among cosmologists is cosmic inflation, the idea that the universe went through a brief period of extremely rapid expansion in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang; along with the monopole problem and the horizon problem, the flatness problem is one of the three primary motivations for inflationary theory.