Edwin Hubble (1889
... stars, the Small Magellanic Cloud. Thus they were all approximately the same distance from the Earth. Therefore their apparent magnitudes (observed brightness) were directly related to their absolute magnitudes (intrinsic brightness, as it would be seen at some arbitrary standard distance). The conc ...
... stars, the Small Magellanic Cloud. Thus they were all approximately the same distance from the Earth. Therefore their apparent magnitudes (observed brightness) were directly related to their absolute magnitudes (intrinsic brightness, as it would be seen at some arbitrary standard distance). The conc ...
Solutions to problems for Part 2
... Even in the ground state, the internal energy of the Fermi gas is positive. This is due to the fact that only one Fermion can be in each energy level so high energy states are occupied at zero temperature. As the density increase, the Fermi energy or energy of the highest occupied state, increases. ...
... Even in the ground state, the internal energy of the Fermi gas is positive. This is due to the fact that only one Fermion can be in each energy level so high energy states are occupied at zero temperature. As the density increase, the Fermi energy or energy of the highest occupied state, increases. ...
Why do we Still Believe in Newton`s Law? Facts, Myths and Methods
... has been achieved in the question as to what the related quantities ‘dark matter’ and ‘dark energy’ do really mean. A soulmate of King Alfonso, the astronomer Aguirre [2] commented: ‘these new discoveries... have been achieved at the expense of simplicity’. The question why nature comes up with a b ...
... has been achieved in the question as to what the related quantities ‘dark matter’ and ‘dark energy’ do really mean. A soulmate of King Alfonso, the astronomer Aguirre [2] commented: ‘these new discoveries... have been achieved at the expense of simplicity’. The question why nature comes up with a b ...
The Cosmological Distance Ladder
... distances) and in the Tully-Fisher and HII region methods (too low) and that best overall value for H0 was Ho = 67 +_ 12 km/s/Mpc Feb 8th 2008 ...
... distances) and in the Tully-Fisher and HII region methods (too low) and that best overall value for H0 was Ho = 67 +_ 12 km/s/Mpc Feb 8th 2008 ...
On early and late phases of acceleration of the
... come up with and I became soon addicted to those questions. On my climb to this tree, I had the chance to have wonderful people on my side that I will name in some details in the acknowledgment section. This manuscript is the final product of three years of research about some selected topics of mod ...
... come up with and I became soon addicted to those questions. On my climb to this tree, I had the chance to have wonderful people on my side that I will name in some details in the acknowledgment section. This manuscript is the final product of three years of research about some selected topics of mod ...
• Teacher developed presentations. • Teacher developed laboratory
... Integration of ELA Common Core Standards (The tasks below are meant to serve as sample activities regarding the integration of the standard listed. Related up-to-date material can be substituted) Reading/Writing in Science and Technical Subjects CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual ev ...
... Integration of ELA Common Core Standards (The tasks below are meant to serve as sample activities regarding the integration of the standard listed. Related up-to-date material can be substituted) Reading/Writing in Science and Technical Subjects CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual ev ...
One Force of Nature
... In 1934, Briet and Wheeler came up with a theory that low energy photons can collide, coalesce, and split into electron-positron pairs if the resultant photon has enough energy. This was later proved experimentally in 2014 by scientists at Imperial College London, UK who built a photon-photon collid ...
... In 1934, Briet and Wheeler came up with a theory that low energy photons can collide, coalesce, and split into electron-positron pairs if the resultant photon has enough energy. This was later proved experimentally in 2014 by scientists at Imperial College London, UK who built a photon-photon collid ...
Lectures on Astronomy, Astrophysics, and
... of gas or dust and it is for these that we now mainly reserve the word nebula. Most fascinating are those that belong to a third category: they often have fairly regular elliptical shapes and seem to be a great distance beyond the Galaxy. Kant seems to have been the first to suggest that these latte ...
... of gas or dust and it is for these that we now mainly reserve the word nebula. Most fascinating are those that belong to a third category: they often have fairly regular elliptical shapes and seem to be a great distance beyond the Galaxy. Kant seems to have been the first to suggest that these latte ...
Cosmic Topology: A Brief Overview
... ancient Greek finite-world response, widely accepted in medieval Europe, is at a first sight open to a devastating objection: in being finite the world must have a limiting boundary. But this is impossible, because a boundary can only separate one part of the space from another: why not redefine the ...
... ancient Greek finite-world response, widely accepted in medieval Europe, is at a first sight open to a devastating objection: in being finite the world must have a limiting boundary. But this is impossible, because a boundary can only separate one part of the space from another: why not redefine the ...
Physics 7701: Problem Set #9
... Physics 7701: Problem Set #9 These problems are due in Russell Colburn’s mailbox in the main office by 4:30pm on Wednesday, November 13. Check the 7701 webpage for suggestions and hints. Please give feedback early and often (and email or stop by M2048 to ask about anything). There are two groups of ...
... Physics 7701: Problem Set #9 These problems are due in Russell Colburn’s mailbox in the main office by 4:30pm on Wednesday, November 13. Check the 7701 webpage for suggestions and hints. Please give feedback early and often (and email or stop by M2048 to ask about anything). There are two groups of ...
Invited Talks at Major Meetings Andreas Albrecht Updated 8/31
... 31. Cosmology with a time varying speed of light Cosmo-98, Asilomar 1998 32. Cosmology with a time varying speed of light 19th Texas meeting on relativistic Astrophysics Paris, December 1998 33. Varying speed of light as a solution to cosmological problems Pritzker Symposium Workshop Chicago, Januar ...
... 31. Cosmology with a time varying speed of light Cosmo-98, Asilomar 1998 32. Cosmology with a time varying speed of light 19th Texas meeting on relativistic Astrophysics Paris, December 1998 33. Varying speed of light as a solution to cosmological problems Pritzker Symposium Workshop Chicago, Januar ...
Photon-Graviton Recycling as Cause of Gravitation
... require a detailed balance of energy transformations and so the question of the fate of the lost photon energy in the cosmological redshift must be addressed. By contrast, it is not generally supposed that conservation of photon energy necessarily holds in expanding universe models (Harrison, 1995). ...
... require a detailed balance of energy transformations and so the question of the fate of the lost photon energy in the cosmological redshift must be addressed. By contrast, it is not generally supposed that conservation of photon energy necessarily holds in expanding universe models (Harrison, 1995). ...
Chapter 34 Protons
... electrons from the surface of a piece of metal. This phenomenon can be easily demonstrated in a lecture, using the kind of equipment that was available to Hertz. You start with a gold leaf electrometer like that shown in Figure (2), an old but effective device for measuring the presence of electric ...
... electrons from the surface of a piece of metal. This phenomenon can be easily demonstrated in a lecture, using the kind of equipment that was available to Hertz. You start with a gold leaf electrometer like that shown in Figure (2), an old but effective device for measuring the presence of electric ...
pages 401-450 - Light and Matter
... are other fundamental fields of force such as electricity and magnetism (ch. 10-11). Ripples of the electric and magnetic fields turn out to be light waves. This tells us that the speed at which electric and magnetic field ripples spread must be c, and by an argument similar to the one in subsection ...
... are other fundamental fields of force such as electricity and magnetism (ch. 10-11). Ripples of the electric and magnetic fields turn out to be light waves. This tells us that the speed at which electric and magnetic field ripples spread must be c, and by an argument similar to the one in subsection ...
PDF format
... – On the same scale, the stars are thousands of kilometers away. – It would take more than 3000 years to count the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy at a rate of one per second, and they are spread across 100,000 light-years. – The observable universe is 14 billion light-years in radius and contains ...
... – On the same scale, the stars are thousands of kilometers away. – It would take more than 3000 years to count the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy at a rate of one per second, and they are spread across 100,000 light-years. – The observable universe is 14 billion light-years in radius and contains ...
View the pdf here
... Poe’s mind was by no means commonplace. In the last year of his life he wrote a prose poem, Eureka, which would have established this fact beyond doubt—if it had not been so full of intuitive insight that neither his contemporaries nor subsequent generations, at least until the late twentieth centur ...
... Poe’s mind was by no means commonplace. In the last year of his life he wrote a prose poem, Eureka, which would have established this fact beyond doubt—if it had not been so full of intuitive insight that neither his contemporaries nor subsequent generations, at least until the late twentieth centur ...
Origin of the Chemical Elements
... Universe increased exponentially. This is called inflationary epoch. The wavelength of any physical object is redshifted in proportion with the global scale. Therefore, at a certain moment fluctuations with a wavelength bigger than the horizon were ‗felt‘ as constant fields and did not influence any ...
... Universe increased exponentially. This is called inflationary epoch. The wavelength of any physical object is redshifted in proportion with the global scale. Therefore, at a certain moment fluctuations with a wavelength bigger than the horizon were ‗felt‘ as constant fields and did not influence any ...
Chapter 1 PowerPoint
... – On the same scale, the stars are thousands of kilometers away. – It would take more than 3000 years to count the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy at a rate of one per second, and they are spread across 100,000 light-years. – The observable universe is 14 billion light-years in radius and contains ove ...
... – On the same scale, the stars are thousands of kilometers away. – It would take more than 3000 years to count the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy at a rate of one per second, and they are spread across 100,000 light-years. – The observable universe is 14 billion light-years in radius and contains ove ...
Introduction. A p-n junction consists of two semi-infinite semiconductors, which... ine to fill the entire space. One of them has...
... For example, when the extra charge density is simply a (positive) point charge, ρext (r) = eδ(r) then ρext (q) = e, and the potential it creates is obviously φext (r) = e/r, which in Fourier space becomes φext (q) = 4πe/q 2 . The true potential created in the system is φ, which according to Eq. (2.9 ...
... For example, when the extra charge density is simply a (positive) point charge, ρext (r) = eδ(r) then ρext (q) = e, and the potential it creates is obviously φext (r) = e/r, which in Fourier space becomes φext (q) = 4πe/q 2 . The true potential created in the system is φ, which according to Eq. (2.9 ...
Friday03
... • Nature? Elliptical galaxies only form in protoclusters at high redshift. Rest of population is due to infall. • or Nurture? Galaxy evolution proceeds along a different path within dense environments. ...
... • Nature? Elliptical galaxies only form in protoclusters at high redshift. Rest of population is due to infall. • or Nurture? Galaxy evolution proceeds along a different path within dense environments. ...
Density Problems
... 15. The density of sea water is slightly higher than that of fresh water. The higher density is due to the fact that sea water contains salts such as sodium chloride and magnesium chloride. Suppose you have a container that holds 5.00 kg of freshwater, which has a density of 1.00 g/cm3. If 5.00 kg o ...
... 15. The density of sea water is slightly higher than that of fresh water. The higher density is due to the fact that sea water contains salts such as sodium chloride and magnesium chloride. Suppose you have a container that holds 5.00 kg of freshwater, which has a density of 1.00 g/cm3. If 5.00 kg o ...
3. Applications of the equation
... quantity in a given state just equals the rate of disappearance/ destruction of a quantity from that state. Here, the state may correspond to any situation or condition of possessing a definite energy, momentum, direction etc.; and entity may correspond to any thing like population, current, photons ...
... quantity in a given state just equals the rate of disappearance/ destruction of a quantity from that state. Here, the state may correspond to any situation or condition of possessing a definite energy, momentum, direction etc.; and entity may correspond to any thing like population, current, photons ...
chime
... • across an octave in frequency (400-800MHz) • for between 5 minutes and hours (depending on Decl.) • with s timing resolution & accuracy ...
... • across an octave in frequency (400-800MHz) • for between 5 minutes and hours (depending on Decl.) • with s timing resolution & accuracy ...
1 Chapter 1: Our Place in the Universe
... How far away are the stars? How big is the Milky Way Galaxy? How big is the Universe? How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the Universe? ...
... How far away are the stars? How big is the Milky Way Galaxy? How big is the Universe? How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the Universe? ...
Ellipticity, Its Origin and Progression in Comoving Galaxies
... universe, contrary to Academia’s long-held view, is not expanding. Furthermore, the new-cosmology argument includes incontrovertible proof that our Cosmos is intrinsically cellularly structured, contrary to the view of mere phenomenological cellularity. A remarkable 2009 paper [6] entitled, “The Sto ...
... universe, contrary to Academia’s long-held view, is not expanding. Furthermore, the new-cosmology argument includes incontrovertible proof that our Cosmos is intrinsically cellularly structured, contrary to the view of mere phenomenological cellularity. A remarkable 2009 paper [6] entitled, “The Sto ...
Flatness problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that a small deviation from these values would have had massive effects on the nature of the universe at the current time.In the case of the flatness problem, the parameter which appears fine-tuned is the density of matter and energy in the universe. This value affects the curvature of space-time, with a very specific critical value being required for a flat universe. The current density of the universe is observed to be very close to this critical value. Since the total density departs rapidly from the critical value over cosmic time, the early universe must have had a density even closer to the critical density, departing from it by one part in 1062 or less. This leads cosmologists to question how the initial density came to be so closely fine-tuned to this 'special' value.The problem was first mentioned by Robert Dicke in 1969. The most commonly accepted solution among cosmologists is cosmic inflation, the idea that the universe went through a brief period of extremely rapid expansion in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang; along with the monopole problem and the horizon problem, the flatness problem is one of the three primary motivations for inflationary theory.