From Big Bang to Biospheres: The Scope and Limits of Explanation
... (iv) The stars then assemble into galaxies. Fusion processes within the stars synthesis the periodic table from pristine hydrogen. Short-lived stars of high mass end their lives as supernovae, and fling this processed material back into space. Second-generation stars (our Sun among them) condense fr ...
... (iv) The stars then assemble into galaxies. Fusion processes within the stars synthesis the periodic table from pristine hydrogen. Short-lived stars of high mass end their lives as supernovae, and fling this processed material back into space. Second-generation stars (our Sun among them) condense fr ...
1_Introduction
... The Solar System is not expanding; it’s held together by gravity. Milky Way Galaxy is not expanding; it’s held together by gravity. ...
... The Solar System is not expanding; it’s held together by gravity. Milky Way Galaxy is not expanding; it’s held together by gravity. ...
Essential Questions
... *While there are many slides for each topic, several slides within the notebook are hidden and won’t be used during instructional time. **HW Problems are currently not scaffolded from least to most difficult, but are instead listed in order of topic. Teacher should pay special attention at the end o ...
... *While there are many slides for each topic, several slides within the notebook are hidden and won’t be used during instructional time. **HW Problems are currently not scaffolded from least to most difficult, but are instead listed in order of topic. Teacher should pay special attention at the end o ...
4. Pythagoras
... all things are numberable, relationship between two things can be expressed as a numerical proportion indicating the degree of their relationship. observed that the musical intervals between the notes on a lyre may be expressed mathematically. • Just as musical harmony was dependent on number ...
... all things are numberable, relationship between two things can be expressed as a numerical proportion indicating the degree of their relationship. observed that the musical intervals between the notes on a lyre may be expressed mathematically. • Just as musical harmony was dependent on number ...
Class notes 2 - University of Texas Astronomy
... Nearest star (at ~ 1.3 pc): Proxima Centauri, currently the nearest member of the triple system α Centauri. Other stars: ⎯ well spaced out; interstellar space is very empty. Mean distance between stars ~ 1 pc ~ 4 × 107 their radius (⇒ don't collide within lifetime of Galaxy, ~ 1010 years); ⎯ major ...
... Nearest star (at ~ 1.3 pc): Proxima Centauri, currently the nearest member of the triple system α Centauri. Other stars: ⎯ well spaced out; interstellar space is very empty. Mean distance between stars ~ 1 pc ~ 4 × 107 their radius (⇒ don't collide within lifetime of Galaxy, ~ 1010 years); ⎯ major ...
Document
... "The next question was - what makes planets go around the sun? At the time of Kepler some people answered this problem by saying that there were angels behind them beating their wings and pushing the planets around an orbit. As you will see, the answer is not very far from the truth. The only diffe ...
... "The next question was - what makes planets go around the sun? At the time of Kepler some people answered this problem by saying that there were angels behind them beating their wings and pushing the planets around an orbit. As you will see, the answer is not very far from the truth. The only diffe ...
inflation
... An important symmetry breaking that possibly occurred in this phase is the asymmetry (1/109) between matter and anti-matter (specially quarks and anti-quarks) this asymmetry is usually associated to the baryogenesis or baryosynthesis A. Sakharov [1967] realized that the baryosynthesis requires ...
... An important symmetry breaking that possibly occurred in this phase is the asymmetry (1/109) between matter and anti-matter (specially quarks and anti-quarks) this asymmetry is usually associated to the baryogenesis or baryosynthesis A. Sakharov [1967] realized that the baryosynthesis requires ...
S operator( ). 2) Magnetic field is applied along positive Z axis. Find
... Consider a beam of light which is propagating in the +z direction. An arbitrary pure polarization state can be written as a linear combination a ↑ + b ↓ , where ↑ represents the state which polarized in xdirection and ↓ the state polarized in y-direction. (a) Calculate the density matrix for (i) the ...
... Consider a beam of light which is propagating in the +z direction. An arbitrary pure polarization state can be written as a linear combination a ↑ + b ↓ , where ↑ represents the state which polarized in xdirection and ↓ the state polarized in y-direction. (a) Calculate the density matrix for (i) the ...
Life Cycle of Stars
... content, distance, shape, and brightness. He noticed that there were redshifts in the emission of light from many dimly lit galaxies and realized that these were moving away from each other at a rate constant to the distance between them. He used this to formulate Hubble's Law (1929) which helped as ...
... content, distance, shape, and brightness. He noticed that there were redshifts in the emission of light from many dimly lit galaxies and realized that these were moving away from each other at a rate constant to the distance between them. He used this to formulate Hubble's Law (1929) which helped as ...
30galaxies and the universe
... 18. When the rate of expansion of the universe is known, it is possible to calculate the ...
... 18. When the rate of expansion of the universe is known, it is possible to calculate the ...
class 1,S11
... —No, the observable portion of the universe is about 14 billion light-years in radius because the universe is about 14 billion years old. ALSO (not in Ch. 1 of the book), we can “see” only about 4% of the universe, 96% is made of “dark matter” and “dark energy”. ...
... —No, the observable portion of the universe is about 14 billion light-years in radius because the universe is about 14 billion years old. ALSO (not in Ch. 1 of the book), we can “see” only about 4% of the universe, 96% is made of “dark matter” and “dark energy”. ...
Our Universe
... – In a finite universe, space is curved so that if you could travel billions of light years in a straight line you would finish back where you started. – It is also possible that our universe is infinite. In both examples, groups of galaxies completely fill the universe and are moving apart at all p ...
... – In a finite universe, space is curved so that if you could travel billions of light years in a straight line you would finish back where you started. – It is also possible that our universe is infinite. In both examples, groups of galaxies completely fill the universe and are moving apart at all p ...
What is the Universe made of?
... matter is made up of combinations of 6 quarks, 6 leptons and their antiparticles. Particles such as the electron and neutrino are known as leptons. Particles such as the proton and neutron are made of three quarks, and are called baryons. Scientists often refer to ordinary matter as baryonic matter. ...
... matter is made up of combinations of 6 quarks, 6 leptons and their antiparticles. Particles such as the electron and neutrino are known as leptons. Particles such as the proton and neutron are made of three quarks, and are called baryons. Scientists often refer to ordinary matter as baryonic matter. ...
General relativistic cosmology
... another zero point for potential energy. E(minimum) need not be zero! Modern Physics: Vacuum energy is required! Particle Physics View: “Vacuum” is just the lowest energy state of any physical theory. If the lowest energy state looks the same for all observers, then it must be invariant under the Lo ...
... another zero point for potential energy. E(minimum) need not be zero! Modern Physics: Vacuum energy is required! Particle Physics View: “Vacuum” is just the lowest energy state of any physical theory. If the lowest energy state looks the same for all observers, then it must be invariant under the Lo ...
Ch 20 Notes Stars
... • When a scientist observes a galaxy that is 1 billion years away, they are observing light that left the galaxy 1 billion years ago • Scientists don’t know what the galaxy looks like now, but can study similar closer galaxies to piece together the evolution of galaxies • The gas, dust and stars tha ...
... • When a scientist observes a galaxy that is 1 billion years away, they are observing light that left the galaxy 1 billion years ago • Scientists don’t know what the galaxy looks like now, but can study similar closer galaxies to piece together the evolution of galaxies • The gas, dust and stars tha ...
class 1,F10
... —No, the observable portion of the universe is about 14 billion light-years in radius because the universe is about 14 billion years old. ALSO (not in Ch. 1 of the book), we can “see” only about 4% of the universe, 96% is made of “dark matter” and “dark energy”. ...
... —No, the observable portion of the universe is about 14 billion light-years in radius because the universe is about 14 billion years old. ALSO (not in Ch. 1 of the book), we can “see” only about 4% of the universe, 96% is made of “dark matter” and “dark energy”. ...
Slide 1
... of our Universe (age, radius, mass, etc) •It has a finite age: 13.72 billion years. This was first estimated by Edwin Hubble in 1925 when he discovered the universe was expanding (he just counted back to when it must have ‘left’). •It has a finite observable radius: 13.72 billion light years ...
... of our Universe (age, radius, mass, etc) •It has a finite age: 13.72 billion years. This was first estimated by Edwin Hubble in 1925 when he discovered the universe was expanding (he just counted back to when it must have ‘left’). •It has a finite observable radius: 13.72 billion light years ...
Cosmology: Einstein
... introduces a screening length which cuts off the influence of the gravitational potential beyond a certain radius, thereby allowing the motion of stars and nebulae to approach equilibrium. In fact, the compact geometry of this model sets a maximum distance for the reach of gravity, whereas the addit ...
... introduces a screening length which cuts off the influence of the gravitational potential beyond a certain radius, thereby allowing the motion of stars and nebulae to approach equilibrium. In fact, the compact geometry of this model sets a maximum distance for the reach of gravity, whereas the addit ...
Gravity, ruler of the Universe
... • bodies follow shortest path through curved spacetime (geodesics) • dynamics: - action through curvature space - travels with velocity of light ...
... • bodies follow shortest path through curved spacetime (geodesics) • dynamics: - action through curvature space - travels with velocity of light ...
Exam 1 Coverage
... (a) Similar to Problem 1 in the WebAssign HW Set 1: two electric charges suspended by light strings and in equilibrium. (b) Similar to Problem 2 in the WebAssign HW Set 1: With two charges fixed in position, find a point on the line through them where a third charge would be in equilibrium (or, in o ...
... (a) Similar to Problem 1 in the WebAssign HW Set 1: two electric charges suspended by light strings and in equilibrium. (b) Similar to Problem 2 in the WebAssign HW Set 1: With two charges fixed in position, find a point on the line through them where a third charge would be in equilibrium (or, in o ...
valenica_2014_planetarium2
... 9-minute “Trailer” for Phantom of the Universe Some imagination is needed, since this was made for a planetarium dome. Squashing the dome of course leads to distortions that are not seen in the planetarium dome. ...
... 9-minute “Trailer” for Phantom of the Universe Some imagination is needed, since this was made for a planetarium dome. Squashing the dome of course leads to distortions that are not seen in the planetarium dome. ...
Flatness problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that a small deviation from these values would have had massive effects on the nature of the universe at the current time.In the case of the flatness problem, the parameter which appears fine-tuned is the density of matter and energy in the universe. This value affects the curvature of space-time, with a very specific critical value being required for a flat universe. The current density of the universe is observed to be very close to this critical value. Since the total density departs rapidly from the critical value over cosmic time, the early universe must have had a density even closer to the critical density, departing from it by one part in 1062 or less. This leads cosmologists to question how the initial density came to be so closely fine-tuned to this 'special' value.The problem was first mentioned by Robert Dicke in 1969. The most commonly accepted solution among cosmologists is cosmic inflation, the idea that the universe went through a brief period of extremely rapid expansion in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang; along with the monopole problem and the horizon problem, the flatness problem is one of the three primary motivations for inflationary theory.