Biomedical aspects of chiral molecules
... CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (Pohl et al. 1976). With regard to genetic polymorphism, these have some clinical relevance (Schwarz 2003). ...
... CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (Pohl et al. 1976). With regard to genetic polymorphism, these have some clinical relevance (Schwarz 2003). ...
Knowledge Discovery in Academic Drug Discovery Programs
... With enough understanding of the underlying cause of a disease, one or a few related “targets” for a potential new medicine will be identified. A target is generally a single molecule, such as a gene or protein, which is involved in a particular ...
... With enough understanding of the underlying cause of a disease, one or a few related “targets” for a potential new medicine will be identified. A target is generally a single molecule, such as a gene or protein, which is involved in a particular ...
Revealing the paradox of drug reward in human evolution
... compounds are rewarding. It is therefore important to stress that these and other addictive drugs appear to have evolved only because they successfully deterred, not rewarded or reinforced, plant consumption. Among drugs of abuse, the data are particularly clear for nicotine, an alkaloid that binds ...
... compounds are rewarding. It is therefore important to stress that these and other addictive drugs appear to have evolved only because they successfully deterred, not rewarded or reinforced, plant consumption. Among drugs of abuse, the data are particularly clear for nicotine, an alkaloid that binds ...
Pharmacology
... pediatrics) and many other disciplines. Pharmacology is characterized by wide range of contents and profound theories, making it an indispensable course for medical and pharmaceutical research as well as clinical and production practice. The goal of pharmacology includes: 1) to clarify the action of ...
... pediatrics) and many other disciplines. Pharmacology is characterized by wide range of contents and profound theories, making it an indispensable course for medical and pharmaceutical research as well as clinical and production practice. The goal of pharmacology includes: 1) to clarify the action of ...
Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of amphetamine
... The phase I and II metabolites of the designer drugs methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), R,S-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), R,S-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE), R,S-benzodioxazolylbutanamine (BDB) and R,S-N-methyl-benzodioxazolylbutanamine (MBDB) were identified by gas chromatography-mass s ...
... The phase I and II metabolites of the designer drugs methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), R,S-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), R,S-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE), R,S-benzodioxazolylbutanamine (BDB) and R,S-N-methyl-benzodioxazolylbutanamine (MBDB) were identified by gas chromatography-mass s ...
gcse biology - School
... In schools and college laboratories, cultures should be incubated at a maximum temperature of 25oC to prevent the growth of pathogens – in industry, higher temps can produce a more rapid growth rate. ...
... In schools and college laboratories, cultures should be incubated at a maximum temperature of 25oC to prevent the growth of pathogens – in industry, higher temps can produce a more rapid growth rate. ...
Microsponges as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems
... circulation in significant amounts is a challenging area of research. Topical application of drugs suffers many problems. Ointments, which are often aesthetically unappealing faces the problems like greasiness, stickiness and often result in lack of patient compliance. These vehicles require high co ...
... circulation in significant amounts is a challenging area of research. Topical application of drugs suffers many problems. Ointments, which are often aesthetically unappealing faces the problems like greasiness, stickiness and often result in lack of patient compliance. These vehicles require high co ...
STUDIES ON DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF LOVASTATIN USING SOLUPLUS BY SOLID
... For a successful formulation, various formulation parameters that play a crucial role are aqueous solubility; stability at ambient temperature and humidity, photo-stability, compatibility with solvents etc. Among all these, Solubility is the most important property for developing formulations. The p ...
... For a successful formulation, various formulation parameters that play a crucial role are aqueous solubility; stability at ambient temperature and humidity, photo-stability, compatibility with solvents etc. Among all these, Solubility is the most important property for developing formulations. The p ...
Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions
... Active tubular secretion is the other important excretory process in the kidney. Weak electrolytes (acids and bases) are secreted into the proximal tubular fluid and digoxin may be secreted by the distal tubule. This is an energy-dependent process and drugs can be effectively cleared, with a tubular ...
... Active tubular secretion is the other important excretory process in the kidney. Weak electrolytes (acids and bases) are secreted into the proximal tubular fluid and digoxin may be secreted by the distal tubule. This is an energy-dependent process and drugs can be effectively cleared, with a tubular ...
Available through Online Review Article www.ijptonline.com
... therapeutically effective and nontoxic for extended period of time. This goal can be achieved by formulation of sustained release formulation. Microsponge is a common technique used in the production of sustained release dosage forms. Microsponge based drug delivery system has received considerable ...
... therapeutically effective and nontoxic for extended period of time. This goal can be achieved by formulation of sustained release formulation. Microsponge is a common technique used in the production of sustained release dosage forms. Microsponge based drug delivery system has received considerable ...
Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly
... particle size to nanodimensions [5,6]. Including or dispersing the poorly soluble drug in a carrier such as a cyclodextrin [7,8] or a polymer (solid dispersion) [9] are also common applied approaches. Modifications in the solid state, conversion from one polymorph to another [10], solvation/hydratio ...
... particle size to nanodimensions [5,6]. Including or dispersing the poorly soluble drug in a carrier such as a cyclodextrin [7,8] or a polymer (solid dispersion) [9] are also common applied approaches. Modifications in the solid state, conversion from one polymorph to another [10], solvation/hydratio ...
the full case study to learn more
... • Polymorphisms in transporters and enzymes can affect drug distribution and elimination. For example, CYP2D6 activity increases when multiple gene copies arise. A wide variety of drug toxicities and/or efficacies can be affected by variations in the CYP2D6 status, such as tamoxifen. CYP2D6 status c ...
... • Polymorphisms in transporters and enzymes can affect drug distribution and elimination. For example, CYP2D6 activity increases when multiple gene copies arise. A wide variety of drug toxicities and/or efficacies can be affected by variations in the CYP2D6 status, such as tamoxifen. CYP2D6 status c ...
Prodrugs:
... transformation, to the active drug that exerts the intended therapeutic effect(s)". Ideally, the prodrug should be converted to the parent drug as soon as it reach its goal, and then followed by the subsequent rapid metabolism and/or elimination of the released active group. Prodrug design can be hi ...
... transformation, to the active drug that exerts the intended therapeutic effect(s)". Ideally, the prodrug should be converted to the parent drug as soon as it reach its goal, and then followed by the subsequent rapid metabolism and/or elimination of the released active group. Prodrug design can be hi ...
Drug Groupings and Workflow Options for the Processing and Review of Concomitant Medication Data
... Figure 3 Examples for selected search conditions within various drug groupings ...
... Figure 3 Examples for selected search conditions within various drug groupings ...
TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
... it is well known that the pressure sensitive adhesive used to produce intimate contact with the skin is more often the source of cutaneous reactivity & not the drug. many of the inactive ingredients used in topical pharmaceutical dosage forms have the ability to alter the barrier function of the ski ...
... it is well known that the pressure sensitive adhesive used to produce intimate contact with the skin is more often the source of cutaneous reactivity & not the drug. many of the inactive ingredients used in topical pharmaceutical dosage forms have the ability to alter the barrier function of the ski ...
Lipid-based Dosage Forms - American Association of
... manufacturing. Drugs with low melting points or poor compression properties, or low dosage forms are all difficult to process using conventional approaches, especially when the drug is liquid at ambient temperature. Lipid-based formulations can be filled into hard or soft capsules[24]. Design of Lip ...
... manufacturing. Drugs with low melting points or poor compression properties, or low dosage forms are all difficult to process using conventional approaches, especially when the drug is liquid at ambient temperature. Lipid-based formulations can be filled into hard or soft capsules[24]. Design of Lip ...
Drug Interactions—Principles, Examples and Clinical Consequences
... necessary to prescribe several drugs for one patient at a time. As a consequence, the average 65-year-old patient is on five drugs simultaneously (1). Prescription peaks in the 75- to 84-year-old group; a European study showed among patients with a mean age of 81 years that 34% to 68% were taking si ...
... necessary to prescribe several drugs for one patient at a time. As a consequence, the average 65-year-old patient is on five drugs simultaneously (1). Prescription peaks in the 75- to 84-year-old group; a European study showed among patients with a mean age of 81 years that 34% to 68% were taking si ...
Speech - Cannabis Skunk Sense
... want facts. This pathetic effort is a waste of time and public money. Harm reduction has its place in treatment one-to-one with known users - a short-term strategy on the road to abstinence, e.g. gradually reducing the dose. But never in the classroom where harm reduction tips can and sometimes do a ...
... want facts. This pathetic effort is a waste of time and public money. Harm reduction has its place in treatment one-to-one with known users - a short-term strategy on the road to abstinence, e.g. gradually reducing the dose. But never in the classroom where harm reduction tips can and sometimes do a ...
Benefit-Risk Assessments in Rare Disorders
... Benefit-risk assessments are essential to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulatory process for approving therapeutic products, and to informing the patient and physician selection or rejection of approved products. This paper examines the similarities and differences between benefit-risk ...
... Benefit-risk assessments are essential to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulatory process for approving therapeutic products, and to informing the patient and physician selection or rejection of approved products. This paper examines the similarities and differences between benefit-risk ...
Interactions of Grapefruit Juice with Drugs
... is seen when bioavailability and plasma concentration increase without the need for an increase in the dose, the dosing frequency or the cost of drug therapy4. Cyclosporin has low oral bioavailability because of significant intestinal metabolism. The drug is not rapidly metabolised by CYP3A4 but has ...
... is seen when bioavailability and plasma concentration increase without the need for an increase in the dose, the dosing frequency or the cost of drug therapy4. Cyclosporin has low oral bioavailability because of significant intestinal metabolism. The drug is not rapidly metabolised by CYP3A4 but has ...
Binder1 Hodgson Tut 17Feb
... taken to achieve this level is found. If a 50% reduction in concentration is used, the time taken is the half-life (t1/2); this will be constant whatever starting drug concentration is used. Another time period that can be used to describe the curve is the time constant (t). This is the point at whi ...
... taken to achieve this level is found. If a 50% reduction in concentration is used, the time taken is the half-life (t1/2); this will be constant whatever starting drug concentration is used. Another time period that can be used to describe the curve is the time constant (t). This is the point at whi ...
IN SILICO DISCOVERY PROCESS Review Article E.N BHARATH*, S.N MANJULA, A. VIJAYCHAND
... Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products9 Modeling and simulation could play a key role in overcoming this innovation deficit. It noted that while spending on biomedical research has increased greatly over the last decade, the submission o ...
... Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products9 Modeling and simulation could play a key role in overcoming this innovation deficit. It noted that while spending on biomedical research has increased greatly over the last decade, the submission o ...
Computational Biology
... Specific example: protein kinases Phosphorylation of Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues is a primary mechanism for regulating protein function in eukaryotic cells. Protein kinases, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions, regulate essentially all cellular processes and have thus emerged as therapeutic ta ...
... Specific example: protein kinases Phosphorylation of Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues is a primary mechanism for regulating protein function in eukaryotic cells. Protein kinases, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions, regulate essentially all cellular processes and have thus emerged as therapeutic ta ...
Drug and Chem-informatics Databases - BIDD
... chemicals. A user may enter compound identifiers such as Chemical Name, CAS Registry Number, Molecular Formula, Classification Code, Locator Code, and Structure or Substructure. New searchable features include search and display by Toxicity indicators such as Median Lethal Dose (LD50), by Physical/C ...
... chemicals. A user may enter compound identifiers such as Chemical Name, CAS Registry Number, Molecular Formula, Classification Code, Locator Code, and Structure or Substructure. New searchable features include search and display by Toxicity indicators such as Median Lethal Dose (LD50), by Physical/C ...
Pricing and Patents of HIV/AIDS Drugs in Developing Countries
... under nonpatent regimes drives drug prices to be related to per capita income across countries, but also that multinational drug firms have effectively tiered their prices to per capita income across countries when drugs are under patent regime. Finally, we find that drug firms set a very high initi ...
... under nonpatent regimes drives drug prices to be related to per capita income across countries, but also that multinational drug firms have effectively tiered their prices to per capita income across countries when drugs are under patent regime. Finally, we find that drug firms set a very high initi ...