Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) and the new philosophy of biology
... power of the Darwinian process” (Mayr 2001, p. 229). But what do evolutionary biologists mean when they speak of ‘chance’? Since Darwin’s time the precise meaning of this concept in evolution has been misunderstood and it is still frequently misrepresented by critics of modern Darwinism. In the evol ...
... power of the Darwinian process” (Mayr 2001, p. 229). But what do evolutionary biologists mean when they speak of ‘chance’? Since Darwin’s time the precise meaning of this concept in evolution has been misunderstood and it is still frequently misrepresented by critics of modern Darwinism. In the evol ...
LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION IN REPTILES
... By superimposing reproductive-mode data onto a phylogenetic framework, it is clear that the evolutionary shift from oviparity to viviparity has taken place independently in at least 100 lineages of lizards and snakes, but never in turtles or crocodilians (Lee & Shine 1998, Shine 1985). Other cases c ...
... By superimposing reproductive-mode data onto a phylogenetic framework, it is clear that the evolutionary shift from oviparity to viviparity has taken place independently in at least 100 lineages of lizards and snakes, but never in turtles or crocodilians (Lee & Shine 1998, Shine 1985). Other cases c ...
thinking chickens
... A range of animals demonstrate evidence of episodic memory, including great apes37 and some birds such as pigeons38 and Western scrub jays.39 Jays in particular can remember the specific locations of food caches as well as the rate at which their cached food decays drawing on the what, when and wher ...
... A range of animals demonstrate evidence of episodic memory, including great apes37 and some birds such as pigeons38 and Western scrub jays.39 Jays in particular can remember the specific locations of food caches as well as the rate at which their cached food decays drawing on the what, when and wher ...
Adaptive speciation: the role of natural selection in mechanisms of
... example, claimed that while hybrid sterility might not benefit organisms it did benefit the species (or, as he called it, the ÔformÕ) and, thus, that natural selection explained speciation after all.5 Others have argued that group or species selection accounted for the proliferation of new species. Wh ...
... example, claimed that while hybrid sterility might not benefit organisms it did benefit the species (or, as he called it, the ÔformÕ) and, thus, that natural selection explained speciation after all.5 Others have argued that group or species selection accounted for the proliferation of new species. Wh ...
The Flamingo`s Smile - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s
... In general, upper and lower bills (or jaws, in other vertebrates) differ significantly, in large part for functional reasons. In most vertebrates, the upper jaw is fused to the cranium, while the lower jaw moves. In many birds, both the upper and lower jaws are capable of independent movement, but t ...
... In general, upper and lower bills (or jaws, in other vertebrates) differ significantly, in large part for functional reasons. In most vertebrates, the upper jaw is fused to the cranium, while the lower jaw moves. In many birds, both the upper and lower jaws are capable of independent movement, but t ...
Herbert Spencer`s Evolutionary Individualism
... the true value of Spencer’s work, namely his evolutionary synthesis and functionalist social analysis, is often neglected because of the bias directed against his conservative individualistic ethical stance. Thus, in order to appropriately consider Spencer’s valuable contributions, we should focus o ...
... the true value of Spencer’s work, namely his evolutionary synthesis and functionalist social analysis, is often neglected because of the bias directed against his conservative individualistic ethical stance. Thus, in order to appropriately consider Spencer’s valuable contributions, we should focus o ...
Workflow - iPlant Pods
... apps, creating custom workflows for your own use, or for publication. ...
... apps, creating custom workflows for your own use, or for publication. ...
Philosophy of Social Science
... Whether these gambles really pay off will not be known within the life times of the social scientists who bet their careers on them. Yet the choices must be justified by a theory, either one that argues for the appropriateness of the methods of natural science to the question the social scientist a ...
... Whether these gambles really pay off will not be known within the life times of the social scientists who bet their careers on them. Yet the choices must be justified by a theory, either one that argues for the appropriateness of the methods of natural science to the question the social scientist a ...
Sharp Insights and a Sharp Tongue
... Having dissected friendship and love in geous in evolutionary terms because relatives ants, geese, or other animals and then extend quick succession, publishing key papers in share many of one’s genes. Survival in the their conclusions to humans later in life. 1971 and 1972, Trivers turned in 1974 t ...
... Having dissected friendship and love in geous in evolutionary terms because relatives ants, geese, or other animals and then extend quick succession, publishing key papers in share many of one’s genes. Survival in the their conclusions to humans later in life. 1971 and 1972, Trivers turned in 1974 t ...
Organizational citizenship behavior
... leadership behavior have strong connection with OCB having on mind that leaders are those who have the biggest influence on employee’s behavior. When leaders evaluate employees work performance as good than employees want to engage in OCB another reason for that is common opinion of most employees t ...
... leadership behavior have strong connection with OCB having on mind that leaders are those who have the biggest influence on employee’s behavior. When leaders evaluate employees work performance as good than employees want to engage in OCB another reason for that is common opinion of most employees t ...
The Nature and Units of Social Selection
... catastrophes commonly eliminate organisms. Similarly, institutions, social organizations and human individuals are populations of social interactors whose properties are altered by subset selection. As previously noted, the elimination of business organisations through bankruptcy is a very common ex ...
... catastrophes commonly eliminate organisms. Similarly, institutions, social organizations and human individuals are populations of social interactors whose properties are altered by subset selection. As previously noted, the elimination of business organisations through bankruptcy is a very common ex ...
Redalyc.CONTEXT CHANGE EXPLAINS RESURGENCE AFTER
... alternative reinforcement was discontinued, the extinguished behavior returned (i.e., resurged). In contrast, the original behavior did not return when it was simply placed on extinction. In a later extension of these experiments, Leitenberg, Rawson, and Mulick (1975) further demonstrated that resur ...
... alternative reinforcement was discontinued, the extinguished behavior returned (i.e., resurged). In contrast, the original behavior did not return when it was simply placed on extinction. In a later extension of these experiments, Leitenberg, Rawson, and Mulick (1975) further demonstrated that resur ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
Skipper/Millstein, “Evolutionary Mechanisms” - Philsci
... process of evolution includes all mechanisms of genetic change that occur in organisms through time, with special emphasis on those mechanisms that promote the adaptation of organisms to their environment or that lead to the formation of new, reproductively isolated species” (Hartl and Clark, 1989, ...
... process of evolution includes all mechanisms of genetic change that occur in organisms through time, with special emphasis on those mechanisms that promote the adaptation of organisms to their environment or that lead to the formation of new, reproductively isolated species” (Hartl and Clark, 1989, ...
Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
... process of evolution includes all mechanisms of genetic change that occur in organisms through time, with special emphasis on those mechanisms that promote the adaptation of organisms to their environment or that lead to the formation of new, reproductively isolated species” (Hartl and Clark, 1989, ...
... process of evolution includes all mechanisms of genetic change that occur in organisms through time, with special emphasis on those mechanisms that promote the adaptation of organisms to their environment or that lead to the formation of new, reproductively isolated species” (Hartl and Clark, 1989, ...
Bringing Identity Theory into Environmental Sociology*
... 1978; Stryker 1980). In addition, since individuals have multiple identities, we examine how another identity independently affects environmental behavior. We do this by investigating not only the environment identity, but also one’s gender identity, as in being masculine and feminine (Stets and Bur ...
... 1978; Stryker 1980). In addition, since individuals have multiple identities, we examine how another identity independently affects environmental behavior. We do this by investigating not only the environment identity, but also one’s gender identity, as in being masculine and feminine (Stets and Bur ...
Emotion
... Lazarus, 1991 – “emotions are organized psycho-physiological reactions to news about ongoing relationships with the environment” Frijda & Mesquita, 1994 – “emotions are first and foremost, modes of relating to the environment states of readiness for engaging, or not engaging, in interaction wit ...
... Lazarus, 1991 – “emotions are organized psycho-physiological reactions to news about ongoing relationships with the environment” Frijda & Mesquita, 1994 – “emotions are first and foremost, modes of relating to the environment states of readiness for engaging, or not engaging, in interaction wit ...
How to read “heritability” in the recipe approach to - Philsci
... As we have seen in the Introduction, recipes for ENS include heredity between parents and offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and o ...
... As we have seen in the Introduction, recipes for ENS include heredity between parents and offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and o ...
Introduction to Paleoanthropology
... evolutionary framework) are essential to explain evolution during these first millions of years. Evolution during this time is considered as the result of natural forces only. • Importance of related disciplines ...
... evolutionary framework) are essential to explain evolution during these first millions of years. Evolution during this time is considered as the result of natural forces only. • Importance of related disciplines ...
ECBB 2016 Abstract book.
... Androgenic sensitivity in the underlying neuromuscular system is associated with the evolution of a multimodal display in the footflagging frog, Staurois parvus ...
... Androgenic sensitivity in the underlying neuromuscular system is associated with the evolution of a multimodal display in the footflagging frog, Staurois parvus ...
Truth and Reconciliation for Group Selection
... always ready to aid one another, and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over most other tribes; and this would be natural selection. At all times throughout the world tribes have supplanted other tribes; and as morality is one important element in their success, the sta ...
... always ready to aid one another, and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over most other tribes; and this would be natural selection. At all times throughout the world tribes have supplanted other tribes; and as morality is one important element in their success, the sta ...
ANT1 - unimaid.edu.ng
... Anthropology is the systematic study of human kind. In employing a scientific approach anthropologists seek to produce useful generalizations about human behaviour and to arrive at an unbiased understanding of human diversity. Three areas within cultural anthropology are archeology, which studies ma ...
... Anthropology is the systematic study of human kind. In employing a scientific approach anthropologists seek to produce useful generalizations about human behaviour and to arrive at an unbiased understanding of human diversity. Three areas within cultural anthropology are archeology, which studies ma ...
slowly switching between environments facilitates reverse evolution
... testable hypotheses for experimental evolution. KEY WORDS: ...
... testable hypotheses for experimental evolution. KEY WORDS: ...
Chapter 15: Evolution
... retained and passed on, and therefore, increase in frequency within a population 3. Traits which have low survival value to an organism tend to diminish in frequency from generation to ...
... retained and passed on, and therefore, increase in frequency within a population 3. Traits which have low survival value to an organism tend to diminish in frequency from generation to ...
IBAssessments2015
... 9.1 Transport in the xylem of plants 9.1.1 State how transpiration is the inevitable consequence of gas exchange in the leaf. 9.1.2 Draw and annotate the transport of water from the roots to the leaves to replace losses from transpiration. Be sure to include cohesive and adhesive properties of water ...
... 9.1 Transport in the xylem of plants 9.1.1 State how transpiration is the inevitable consequence of gas exchange in the leaf. 9.1.2 Draw and annotate the transport of water from the roots to the leaves to replace losses from transpiration. Be sure to include cohesive and adhesive properties of water ...