What is Bioinformatics? A Proposed Definition and Overview of the Field
... A concept that underpins most research methods in bioinformatics is that much of the data can be grouped together based on biologically meaningful similarities. For example, sequence segments are often repeated at different positions of genomic DNA [27]. Genes can be clustered into those with partic ...
... A concept that underpins most research methods in bioinformatics is that much of the data can be grouped together based on biologically meaningful similarities. For example, sequence segments are often repeated at different positions of genomic DNA [27]. Genes can be clustered into those with partic ...
The in vitro catalysis of protein folding by endoplasmic reticulum
... Protein folding in the cell is assisted by niany auxiliary proteins that catalyse covalent isomerisation steps, or ‘chaperone’ the folding of nascent chains and prevent them from entering non-productive pathways (1.2). Several catalysts and chaperones have now been identified which assist in such ce ...
... Protein folding in the cell is assisted by niany auxiliary proteins that catalyse covalent isomerisation steps, or ‘chaperone’ the folding of nascent chains and prevent them from entering non-productive pathways (1.2). Several catalysts and chaperones have now been identified which assist in such ce ...
Structural bioinformatics Amino acids – the building blocks of proteins
... • Polar residue side chains in the core must be “neutralized” by interacting with other residues, e.g. in Hbond donor-acceptor pairs • Charged residue side chains in the core must be “neutralized” by interacting with other residues through salt bridges 2P4E ...
... • Polar residue side chains in the core must be “neutralized” by interacting with other residues, e.g. in Hbond donor-acceptor pairs • Charged residue side chains in the core must be “neutralized” by interacting with other residues through salt bridges 2P4E ...
Trichohyalin, an Intermediate Filament
... HE hardened structures of the medulla and inner root sheath (IRS) ~tissues of the hair and hair follicle have been shown to be composed of insoluble proteins that are readily distinguishable from a-keratin (30). The major distinguishing features of these proteins include the presence of citrulline t ...
... HE hardened structures of the medulla and inner root sheath (IRS) ~tissues of the hair and hair follicle have been shown to be composed of insoluble proteins that are readily distinguishable from a-keratin (30). The major distinguishing features of these proteins include the presence of citrulline t ...
Plant organelle proteomics
... There is a plethora of information about cellular mechanisms in plants that we glean by studying mutants or changes in transcript levels, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. The study of genes however is only a limited dimension for cell biologists. The study of the proteome is far more information ...
... There is a plethora of information about cellular mechanisms in plants that we glean by studying mutants or changes in transcript levels, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. The study of genes however is only a limited dimension for cell biologists. The study of the proteome is far more information ...
Protein Trafficking4
... I-cell disease helped decipher the signal for targeting proteins to the lysosome • Recessive mutation in single gene… • Fibroblasts of patients contain large inclusions (I-cells)… • Lysosomes lack normal complement of acid hydrolases… • All lysosomal enzymes secreted (secretion is the “default” fat ...
... I-cell disease helped decipher the signal for targeting proteins to the lysosome • Recessive mutation in single gene… • Fibroblasts of patients contain large inclusions (I-cells)… • Lysosomes lack normal complement of acid hydrolases… • All lysosomal enzymes secreted (secretion is the “default” fat ...
viewpoint - Lindquist Lab
... of irreversibility of information transfer from nucleic acids to proteins. Although he was ready to accept some kind of reversibility between DNA and RNA through retroviruses, he was adamant about the absolute irreversibility of the RNA–protein road: “Nature could not proceed in another way.” Simila ...
... of irreversibility of information transfer from nucleic acids to proteins. Although he was ready to accept some kind of reversibility between DNA and RNA through retroviruses, he was adamant about the absolute irreversibility of the RNA–protein road: “Nature could not proceed in another way.” Simila ...
secondary active transport
... -Geranylgeranyl and farnesyl groups - from cholesterol biosynthesis - Lovastatin inhibits post-translational modification deterimined for Ras and pancreatic cancer. -CAAX box - C = Cys A = aliphatic and X = various Last 4 aas are removed and new C-term is esterified with isoprenyl ...
... -Geranylgeranyl and farnesyl groups - from cholesterol biosynthesis - Lovastatin inhibits post-translational modification deterimined for Ras and pancreatic cancer. -CAAX box - C = Cys A = aliphatic and X = various Last 4 aas are removed and new C-term is esterified with isoprenyl ...
The Lipid Bilayer Is a Two-Dimensional Fluid The aqueous
... The aqueous environment inside and outside a cell prevents membrane lipids from escaping from bilayer, but nothing stops these molecules from moving about and changing places with one another within the plane of bilayer. The membrane behaves as two dimensional fluids, which is crucial for membrane f ...
... The aqueous environment inside and outside a cell prevents membrane lipids from escaping from bilayer, but nothing stops these molecules from moving about and changing places with one another within the plane of bilayer. The membrane behaves as two dimensional fluids, which is crucial for membrane f ...
a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It stays the
... 4. ________________ is energy that is stored in an object or system by virtue of its position or the energy content stored within its bonds. (1 point) ...
... 4. ________________ is energy that is stored in an object or system by virtue of its position or the energy content stored within its bonds. (1 point) ...
amino acids properties
... 2-They have a high melting point reflecting the high energy needed to break the ionic forces maintaining the crystal lattice. It is important to note that the general properties of amino acids is shared by all the amino acids and is in many cases contributed by its α-amino and αcarboxyl group . Amin ...
... 2-They have a high melting point reflecting the high energy needed to break the ionic forces maintaining the crystal lattice. It is important to note that the general properties of amino acids is shared by all the amino acids and is in many cases contributed by its α-amino and αcarboxyl group . Amin ...
Amino Acids
... The Peptide bond Q: What was the bond between two monosaccharides called? Q: What do you think the bond between two amino acids will be called? ...
... The Peptide bond Q: What was the bond between two monosaccharides called? Q: What do you think the bond between two amino acids will be called? ...
protein
... • The coils and folds of secondary structure result from hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone • Typical secondary structures are a coil called an helix and a folded structure called a ...
... • The coils and folds of secondary structure result from hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone • Typical secondary structures are a coil called an helix and a folded structure called a ...
BIOLOGY (Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology
... 5. Describe how enzyme activity is regulated through second messengers and hormones. a. List common second messengers and the biochemical pathways they play a role in. Note enzymes that produce or are regulated by these second messengers. b. List common protein and peptide hormones and relate them t ...
... 5. Describe how enzyme activity is regulated through second messengers and hormones. a. List common second messengers and the biochemical pathways they play a role in. Note enzymes that produce or are regulated by these second messengers. b. List common protein and peptide hormones and relate them t ...
tong-zhang-university-of-florida
... Novel Trx h substrates identified here point to their potential roles in guard cells. • aspartic protease in guard cell 1 functions in ABA-mediated drought response. • Pectin acetylesterase catalyzes the interaction between acetylated polysaccharides and cellulose. • a novel protein containing 2Fe-2 ...
... Novel Trx h substrates identified here point to their potential roles in guard cells. • aspartic protease in guard cell 1 functions in ABA-mediated drought response. • Pectin acetylesterase catalyzes the interaction between acetylated polysaccharides and cellulose. • a novel protein containing 2Fe-2 ...
Javan Kilango Kisaka
... MXCXXC. There is a long linker of 320 amino acids between the first and the second domains, and the second domain is directly adjacent to domain three. I pursued biophysical studies to better understand the structural organization of these domains. Each domain was separately cloned using recombinant ...
... MXCXXC. There is a long linker of 320 amino acids between the first and the second domains, and the second domain is directly adjacent to domain three. I pursued biophysical studies to better understand the structural organization of these domains. Each domain was separately cloned using recombinant ...
Department of Health Information Management
... • NMR spectroscopy – NMR – Use nuclear magnetic resonance to predict distances between different Functional groups in a protein in solution. – Calculate possible structure using these distances. ...
... • NMR spectroscopy – NMR – Use nuclear magnetic resonance to predict distances between different Functional groups in a protein in solution. – Calculate possible structure using these distances. ...
An Integrated Database and Knowledge
... performed. In the database construction step, pre-processed data are gathered into a Postgre SQL database. Graphical user interfaces are built in order to visualize information on drugs, proteins, and interactions. In the data-mining step, interaction cluster analysis and structural analysis are pe ...
... performed. In the database construction step, pre-processed data are gathered into a Postgre SQL database. Graphical user interfaces are built in order to visualize information on drugs, proteins, and interactions. In the data-mining step, interaction cluster analysis and structural analysis are pe ...
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UNIT 2. Structure and function of proteins.
... gel are separated thanks to the solvent migration (buthanol: water: acetic acid 4:1:1) by capillarity. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): amino acids are separated on the base of their polarity by the used of a column having a ...
... gel are separated thanks to the solvent migration (buthanol: water: acetic acid 4:1:1) by capillarity. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): amino acids are separated on the base of their polarity by the used of a column having a ...
7. Lipidic metabolism in parasitic platyhelminthes
... apo-B and apo-C binding properties [58]. A molecular model of S. japonicum very low-density lipoprotein-binding protein (SVLBP) was depicted [59]. The authors deduced that a single domain might facilitate binding activity of the molecule through an unusual, negatively charged surface, which was main ...
... apo-B and apo-C binding properties [58]. A molecular model of S. japonicum very low-density lipoprotein-binding protein (SVLBP) was depicted [59]. The authors deduced that a single domain might facilitate binding activity of the molecule through an unusual, negatively charged surface, which was main ...
Genes Section DEK (DEK oncogene) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... specific subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, results in the fusion of two genes, dek and can, and the expression of a chimeric, leukemia-specific dek-can mRNA. Mol Cell Biol 1992 Apr;12(4):1687-97. ...
... specific subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, results in the fusion of two genes, dek and can, and the expression of a chimeric, leukemia-specific dek-can mRNA. Mol Cell Biol 1992 Apr;12(4):1687-97. ...
NMR-driven secondary and tertiary structure model of Ca
... (Fig. 4). Both of the fingerprint regions also contain acidic residues, which, in other EF-hand proteins, are known to interact with basic residues on the target [16]. Lastly, the fingerprint region within EF-III contains one or more Met residues, which may also be important in target interaction and ...
... (Fig. 4). Both of the fingerprint regions also contain acidic residues, which, in other EF-hand proteins, are known to interact with basic residues on the target [16]. Lastly, the fingerprint region within EF-III contains one or more Met residues, which may also be important in target interaction and ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.