BMC Genomics Functional genomics of HMGN3a and SMARCAL1 in early mammalian embryogenesis
... embryo development, leading to a unique chromatin structure capable of maintaining totipotency during embryogenesis and differentiation during postimplantation development [3]. The High Mobility Group Nucleosomal (HMGN) protein family is the only group of nuclear proteins that bind to the 147-base p ...
... embryo development, leading to a unique chromatin structure capable of maintaining totipotency during embryogenesis and differentiation during postimplantation development [3]. The High Mobility Group Nucleosomal (HMGN) protein family is the only group of nuclear proteins that bind to the 147-base p ...
Comparing the Polarities of the Amino Acids: Side
... ABSTRACT: To obtain an indication of the tendencies of amino acids to leave water and enter a truly nonpolar condensed phase, distribution coefficients between dilute solution in water and dilute solution in wet cyclohexane have been determined for each of the common amino acid side chains a t p H 7 ...
... ABSTRACT: To obtain an indication of the tendencies of amino acids to leave water and enter a truly nonpolar condensed phase, distribution coefficients between dilute solution in water and dilute solution in wet cyclohexane have been determined for each of the common amino acid side chains a t p H 7 ...
Biological membranes - Essays in Biochemistry
... group. Phospholipids containing glycerol are referred to as glycerophospholipids. An example of a glycerophospholipid that is commonly found in biological membranes is phosphatidylcholine (PC) (Figure 1a), which has a choline molecule attached to the phosphate group. Serine and ethanolamine can repl ...
... group. Phospholipids containing glycerol are referred to as glycerophospholipids. An example of a glycerophospholipid that is commonly found in biological membranes is phosphatidylcholine (PC) (Figure 1a), which has a choline molecule attached to the phosphate group. Serine and ethanolamine can repl ...
Proteomic Analysis of the Arabidopsis Nucleolus Suggests Novel
... and cell growth and aging (Lamond and Earnshaw, 1998; Pedersen, 1998; Cockell and Gasser, 1999; Scheer and Hock, 1999; Carmo-Fonseca et al., 2000; Olsen et al., 2000; Visintin and Amon, 2000; Shaw, 2004). Furthermore, it has recently been suggested that the nucleolus acts as a sensor for cellular st ...
... and cell growth and aging (Lamond and Earnshaw, 1998; Pedersen, 1998; Cockell and Gasser, 1999; Scheer and Hock, 1999; Carmo-Fonseca et al., 2000; Olsen et al., 2000; Visintin and Amon, 2000; Shaw, 2004). Furthermore, it has recently been suggested that the nucleolus acts as a sensor for cellular st ...
Protein A CIP Resin
... selectivity and suitability for platform separations. There are a few factors of concern when using protein A resins for process scale antibody purification, with the major issue being the high cost of resin followed by protein A ligand leakage, resin lifetime and performance, especially resin stabi ...
... selectivity and suitability for platform separations. There are a few factors of concern when using protein A resins for process scale antibody purification, with the major issue being the high cost of resin followed by protein A ligand leakage, resin lifetime and performance, especially resin stabi ...
Enzyme Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein
... Enzyme Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein Why should everyone take Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein? After water, protein is the next most plentiful component of our bodies. The body manufactures proteins to make up hair, muscles, nails, tendons, ligaments, and other body structures such as body fluids; but not ...
... Enzyme Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein Why should everyone take Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein? After water, protein is the next most plentiful component of our bodies. The body manufactures proteins to make up hair, muscles, nails, tendons, ligaments, and other body structures such as body fluids; but not ...
Capturing protein interactions in the secretory pathway of living cells
... processes involve numerous ER resident proteins that are believed to operate as a quality control machinery that surveys correct folding in the ER (1, 2). After acquisition of transport competence, the secretory proteins exit the ER by a receptormediated mechanism (3, 4) or by bulk flow. The interac ...
... processes involve numerous ER resident proteins that are believed to operate as a quality control machinery that surveys correct folding in the ER (1, 2). After acquisition of transport competence, the secretory proteins exit the ER by a receptormediated mechanism (3, 4) or by bulk flow. The interac ...
Protein methylation at the surface and buried deep
... Methylated lysine and arginine residues in histones represent a crucial part of the histone code, and recognition of these methylated residues by protein interaction domains modulates transcription. Although some methylating enzymes appear to be histone specific, many can modify histone and non-hist ...
... Methylated lysine and arginine residues in histones represent a crucial part of the histone code, and recognition of these methylated residues by protein interaction domains modulates transcription. Although some methylating enzymes appear to be histone specific, many can modify histone and non-hist ...
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews
... been used to incorporate moieties such as biotin, heavy atoms and sugars into synthetic or partially synthetic proteins. However, this method has seen less use in the last several years, in large part due to peptide solubility issues, the fact that proteases have sequence requirements that limit the ...
... been used to incorporate moieties such as biotin, heavy atoms and sugars into synthetic or partially synthetic proteins. However, this method has seen less use in the last several years, in large part due to peptide solubility issues, the fact that proteases have sequence requirements that limit the ...
Key Words
... Arrange the following sentences in order to describe translation from mRNA to proteins A. A second tRNA links to a second codon in the mRNA ...
... Arrange the following sentences in order to describe translation from mRNA to proteins A. A second tRNA links to a second codon in the mRNA ...
INPS: predicting the impact of non-synonymous variations on protein
... residue substitution, (ii) predict whether a residue substitution promotes a DDG increase or decrease (two class predictors) and (iii) predict whether a mutation is stabilizing, destabilizing or not affecting the protein stability (three class predictors). Noticeably, it is also very difficult to fi ...
... residue substitution, (ii) predict whether a residue substitution promotes a DDG increase or decrease (two class predictors) and (iii) predict whether a mutation is stabilizing, destabilizing or not affecting the protein stability (three class predictors). Noticeably, it is also very difficult to fi ...
Protein profiling of the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus,Penicillium
... is reflected in that only four cases of infection have been noted in patients afflicted with AIDS [8,10,11]. The lone exception is P. marneffei, a highly significant pathogen of HIV-infected individuals living or having traveled in Southeast Asia [12,13]. In contrast to the monomorphic, vegetative l ...
... is reflected in that only four cases of infection have been noted in patients afflicted with AIDS [8,10,11]. The lone exception is P. marneffei, a highly significant pathogen of HIV-infected individuals living or having traveled in Southeast Asia [12,13]. In contrast to the monomorphic, vegetative l ...
The nutrient requirements of calves
... as the laying down of muscle. Most protein synthesis takes place in other body tissues such as the liver and gut wall, which are actively concerned with processing nutrients to meet the requirements of the body. These metabolic functions include such things as synthesis of enzymes and hormones, cell ...
... as the laying down of muscle. Most protein synthesis takes place in other body tissues such as the liver and gut wall, which are actively concerned with processing nutrients to meet the requirements of the body. These metabolic functions include such things as synthesis of enzymes and hormones, cell ...
hnpcc recommendations B.pub - Association for Clinical Genetic
... inactivated by mutation or loss, thus leaving no expression of functional alleles. MMR abnormal expression in Lynch / HNPCC tumours may thus be detected by IHC in two patterns: either complete loss of expression (when there is no expression of that MMR protein or only expression of a truncated prote ...
... inactivated by mutation or loss, thus leaving no expression of functional alleles. MMR abnormal expression in Lynch / HNPCC tumours may thus be detected by IHC in two patterns: either complete loss of expression (when there is no expression of that MMR protein or only expression of a truncated prote ...
In search of the molecular mechanism of intracellular membrane
... we felt that these molecules and their interactions had to be important in the release process, but we did not know how. We suggested that these proteins formed a scaffold for assembly of the soluble factors a-SNAP and N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor (NSF) as these molecules were known to be invol ...
... we felt that these molecules and their interactions had to be important in the release process, but we did not know how. We suggested that these proteins formed a scaffold for assembly of the soluble factors a-SNAP and N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor (NSF) as these molecules were known to be invol ...
A Series of Ubiquitin Binding Factors Connects CDC48/p97 to
... Proteolysis is pivotal for cellular and developmental regulation. Due to its irreversible nature, proteolysis is ideally suited for regulating unidirectional pathways such as cell cycle progression or differentiation. In eukaryotes, selective proteolysis is largely mediated by the ubiquitin/ proteas ...
... Proteolysis is pivotal for cellular and developmental regulation. Due to its irreversible nature, proteolysis is ideally suited for regulating unidirectional pathways such as cell cycle progression or differentiation. In eukaryotes, selective proteolysis is largely mediated by the ubiquitin/ proteas ...
Study of Different Variants of Mo Enzyme crARC and the Interaction
... activity. It is known that the activity under aerobic conditions of most Mo Cofactor proteins is very low, and usually after a few hours they start to lose their activity [22]. Accordingly, we have studied the stability of crARC activity at 22 and 4 ◦ C by determining its NHC reduction activity at d ...
... activity. It is known that the activity under aerobic conditions of most Mo Cofactor proteins is very low, and usually after a few hours they start to lose their activity [22]. Accordingly, we have studied the stability of crARC activity at 22 and 4 ◦ C by determining its NHC reduction activity at d ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... bonds between their amino acids. Similarly, the special functions of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids can be understood as a direct manifestation of their chemical structure, with their characteristic monomeric subunits linked in precise functional polymers. Sugars linked together become e ...
... bonds between their amino acids. Similarly, the special functions of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids can be understood as a direct manifestation of their chemical structure, with their characteristic monomeric subunits linked in precise functional polymers. Sugars linked together become e ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.