Mitochondrial stress causes increased succination of proteins in
... 20 % of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase) is succinated in skeletal muscle, consistent with a ∼ 25 % decrease in specific activity of the enzyme in this tissue. Of the four cysteine residues per subunit of GAPDH, only two (Cys149 and Cys244 ) reacted measurably wi ...
... 20 % of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase) is succinated in skeletal muscle, consistent with a ∼ 25 % decrease in specific activity of the enzyme in this tissue. Of the four cysteine residues per subunit of GAPDH, only two (Cys149 and Cys244 ) reacted measurably wi ...
Understanding Tools and Techniques in Protein Structure Prediction
... Thus bioinformatics tools for protein analysis provide a wealth of information related to sequences and structures of proteins. Use of computational tools is an essential kit for the biologist in this rapid pace of information technology. Eventually, tools and techniques for protein sequence analysi ...
... Thus bioinformatics tools for protein analysis provide a wealth of information related to sequences and structures of proteins. Use of computational tools is an essential kit for the biologist in this rapid pace of information technology. Eventually, tools and techniques for protein sequence analysi ...
Chapter_7
... peptides. Filtering the database – If some properties of the sample protein(s) are known (like mass, pI, amino acid composition, species of origin), one can filter database sequences not satisfying these properties – However, using some of these can be risky if it is not taken into account that the ...
... peptides. Filtering the database – If some properties of the sample protein(s) are known (like mass, pI, amino acid composition, species of origin), one can filter database sequences not satisfying these properties – However, using some of these can be risky if it is not taken into account that the ...
Iron-sulfur proteins and the role of iron in the gene expression of
... Proteins that contain iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a prosthetic group are widely utilised in all living organisms for a variety of cellular processes. Inorganic FeS metal compounds were already present in hydrothermal vents in the anaerobic atmosphere of the ancient earth and were most likely the c ...
... Proteins that contain iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a prosthetic group are widely utilised in all living organisms for a variety of cellular processes. Inorganic FeS metal compounds were already present in hydrothermal vents in the anaerobic atmosphere of the ancient earth and were most likely the c ...
документ
... 5.4.99.5) and a number of other several enzymes are proved to be an active producers of this amino acid (Umbarger, 1978). That is why the best Phe producing strains once selected were the mutants partially or completely dependent on Tyr or Trp for growth. The reports about the other regulative mecha ...
... 5.4.99.5) and a number of other several enzymes are proved to be an active producers of this amino acid (Umbarger, 1978). That is why the best Phe producing strains once selected were the mutants partially or completely dependent on Tyr or Trp for growth. The reports about the other regulative mecha ...
Domain conservation in several volvocalean cell wall - UvA-DARE
... carry ProProXYLys repeats. However, as the number of characterized H R G P s has increased, considerable variation has been found in the canonical repeats, and there has been a growing tendency to emphasize the novelty of these variants (e.g., monocot vs. dicot extensins). Recently, Kieliszewski and ...
... carry ProProXYLys repeats. However, as the number of characterized H R G P s has increased, considerable variation has been found in the canonical repeats, and there has been a growing tendency to emphasize the novelty of these variants (e.g., monocot vs. dicot extensins). Recently, Kieliszewski and ...
The Heat-Shock Proteins
... relative position in the protein. The E. coli protein is missing this segment. All of the proteins, including that of E. coli. contain another, smaller region of high negative-charge density toward the carboxy terminus. The carboxyterminal regions of these proteins are generally the most divergent, ...
... relative position in the protein. The E. coli protein is missing this segment. All of the proteins, including that of E. coli. contain another, smaller region of high negative-charge density toward the carboxy terminus. The carboxyterminal regions of these proteins are generally the most divergent, ...
Disorder Prediction Methods, Their Applicability to Different Protein
... method, depending on which composition or flavour was used as training set for its development. A study undertaken by Vucetic et al. revealed that there may be three distinct flavours of disorder based on the composition; these have arbitrarily been named V, C & S [29]. Flavour V contains a greater ...
... method, depending on which composition or flavour was used as training set for its development. A study undertaken by Vucetic et al. revealed that there may be three distinct flavours of disorder based on the composition; these have arbitrarily been named V, C & S [29]. Flavour V contains a greater ...
... The right-most strand runs frome N->C from bottom to top (1 pt). The sidechains point up and down, i.e. every second residue points up (2 pts). Choice C: Pick any super-secondary structure. Describe, or sketch, its structure and briefly discuss the intramolecular forces that stabilize it. β-α-β an a ...
Molecular mechanisms of Salmonella invasion
... since non-polar mutations in the spa genes abolish Salmonella entry into tissue culture cells, and prevent the secretion [16] of type III target proteins. Outer membrane proteins Three proteins may be localized in Salmonella outer membrane: InvG [53], PrgH and PrgK [71]. InvG is a member of the PulD ...
... since non-polar mutations in the spa genes abolish Salmonella entry into tissue culture cells, and prevent the secretion [16] of type III target proteins. Outer membrane proteins Three proteins may be localized in Salmonella outer membrane: InvG [53], PrgH and PrgK [71]. InvG is a member of the PulD ...
Introduction to Database Searching using MASCOT
... One of the limitations is that you need a database of proteins or nucleic acid sequences that are equivalent to proteins, e.g. mRNAs. In most cases, you will not get satisfactory results from an EST database, where most of the entries correspond to protein fragments, or genomic DNA, where there is a ...
... One of the limitations is that you need a database of proteins or nucleic acid sequences that are equivalent to proteins, e.g. mRNAs. In most cases, you will not get satisfactory results from an EST database, where most of the entries correspond to protein fragments, or genomic DNA, where there is a ...
bioinformatics - Noble Research Lab
... These methods include the yeast two-hybrid screen and methods based on mass spectrometry (see von Mering et al., 2002 and references therein). The data obtained by these methods are partial: each experimental assay can identify only a subset of the interactions, and it has been estimated that for th ...
... These methods include the yeast two-hybrid screen and methods based on mass spectrometry (see von Mering et al., 2002 and references therein). The data obtained by these methods are partial: each experimental assay can identify only a subset of the interactions, and it has been estimated that for th ...
Sulfur Metabolism and Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids
... Cys are both protein AAs implies that their tissue pool is alimented not only by diet but also by hormone-regulated protein turn-over and degradation, as for all other protein AAs. As components of proteins, both Met and Cys are primary intermediates for spatial conformation, assembly and structure ...
... Cys are both protein AAs implies that their tissue pool is alimented not only by diet but also by hormone-regulated protein turn-over and degradation, as for all other protein AAs. As components of proteins, both Met and Cys are primary intermediates for spatial conformation, assembly and structure ...
... encoding the entire TME 2A protein, the N-terminal proline of TME protein 2B and GUS, showed the level of cleavage to be " 99 %, again ostensibly complete cleavage. The translation profiles derived from pCAT∆TME2AGUS (M) and (T), encoding CAT, the C-terminal 18 aa of the TME 2A protein (either strai ...
Integrative Assignment - California State University
... • Instead of using Google and the web, a better approach is to use the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. • NCBI is essentially “Google” for DNA and Protein sequences. ...
... • Instead of using Google and the web, a better approach is to use the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. • NCBI is essentially “Google” for DNA and Protein sequences. ...
The Phosphoproteome of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Eyespot
... protein bands transferred to the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane showed that several phosphoproteins (e.g. .116 kD) belong to low-abundance proteins that are slightly, if at all, detectable by Coomassie staining (Fig. 1A). Specificity of the labeling was confirmed by alkali treatment of th ...
... protein bands transferred to the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane showed that several phosphoproteins (e.g. .116 kD) belong to low-abundance proteins that are slightly, if at all, detectable by Coomassie staining (Fig. 1A). Specificity of the labeling was confirmed by alkali treatment of th ...
Two dileucine motifs mediate late endosomal/lysosomal targeting of
... consensus sequence YXXØ, with X being any amino acid and Ø an amino acid with a bulky hydrophobic side chain. Two different types of dileucine motifs exist exhibiting either a [DE]XXXL[LI] or a DXXLL pattern, with the square brackets indicating alternatives. Tyrosine-based sorting motifs, as well as ...
... consensus sequence YXXØ, with X being any amino acid and Ø an amino acid with a bulky hydrophobic side chain. Two different types of dileucine motifs exist exhibiting either a [DE]XXXL[LI] or a DXXLL pattern, with the square brackets indicating alternatives. Tyrosine-based sorting motifs, as well as ...
Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... Proteins – Amides from Amino Acids Amino acids contain a basic amino group and an ...
... Proteins – Amides from Amino Acids Amino acids contain a basic amino group and an ...
pO 2
... of, relating to, undergoing, or being a change in the shape and activity of a protein (as an enzyme) that results from combination with another substance at a point other than the chemically active site ...
... of, relating to, undergoing, or being a change in the shape and activity of a protein (as an enzyme) that results from combination with another substance at a point other than the chemically active site ...
Microbial alteration of stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic
... Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter enriched ammonia (pool C), and (2) fractionation of ammonia during glutamate synthesis (pool B) (Fig. 1). Firstly, loss of isotopically enriched ammonia during growth must occur in order to maintain an isotopic mass balance for the ...
... Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter enriched ammonia (pool C), and (2) fractionation of ammonia during glutamate synthesis (pool B) (Fig. 1). Firstly, loss of isotopically enriched ammonia during growth must occur in order to maintain an isotopic mass balance for the ...
Carey_AminoAcids_Pep..
... compounds that contain an —NH2 group and a —CO2H group, these groups are actually present as —NH3+ and —CO2– respectively. They are classified as a, b, g, etc. amino acids according the carbon that bears the nitrogen. ...
... compounds that contain an —NH2 group and a —CO2H group, these groups are actually present as —NH3+ and —CO2– respectively. They are classified as a, b, g, etc. amino acids according the carbon that bears the nitrogen. ...
Broder et al Curr biol 98
... Yehoshua C. Broder*, Sigal Katz* and Ami Aronheim The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein–protein interactions [1–4]. Although very powerful, this procedure exhibits several problems and inherent limit ...
... Yehoshua C. Broder*, Sigal Katz* and Ami Aronheim The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein–protein interactions [1–4]. Although very powerful, this procedure exhibits several problems and inherent limit ...
Prokaryotic orthologues of mitochondrial alternative oxidase and plastid terminal oxidase
... analysis revealed a hairpin loop at position 50–67 relative to the PTOX stop codon with a closing pair A and U at positions 54 and 63. The predicted hairpin loop might serve as a transcription terminator structure. Considering these findings, a transcript size of about 815 bp is predicted, which is ...
... analysis revealed a hairpin loop at position 50–67 relative to the PTOX stop codon with a closing pair A and U at positions 54 and 63. The predicted hairpin loop might serve as a transcription terminator structure. Considering these findings, a transcript size of about 815 bp is predicted, which is ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.