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Establishing neuroblast-specific gene expression in the Drosophila
Establishing neuroblast-specific gene expression in the Drosophila

... The spatial pattern of Hkb in the neuroectoderm is complex but highly reproducible (Fig. 1D-F). The neuroectoderm can be divided into seven rows along the A/P axis and three columns along the mediolateral axis; these rows and columns reflect boundaries of gene expression as well as the subsequent ar ...
Expression and function of decapentaplegic and thick veins during
Expression and function of decapentaplegic and thick veins during

... al., 1994). dpp and tkv expression in wild-type discs does not change during the first 8 hours after puparium formation (not shown), but subsequently becomes related to the differentiating veins (Fig. 1C and data not shown). dpp transcription appears in broad stripes of dorsal and ventral cells alon ...
(From the Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of
(From the Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of

... The analysis of these materials, given in Table III, shows that the effect of freezing and thawing is to make the intracellular DNA labile to DNase, without, however, causing much of it to leach out of the ceils. Freezing and thawing and formaldehyde fixation have a negligible effect on unadsorbed p ...
Mesenchymal Dysplasia: A Recessive Mutation
Mesenchymal Dysplasia: A Recessive Mutation

... The amounts of water, fat, protein, and mineral that compose the body mass were measured using a biochemical protocol previously described (Donahue and Beamer 1993). Briefly, four mutant and three normal +/? mice 8 weeks of age were fasted overnight and blood samples were collected by retro-orbital ...
Genetic Modifications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Ethanol
Genetic Modifications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Ethanol

Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic
Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic

... Glycerol-lactate medium was chosen to permit growth of bacteria without undesirable pH changes at low concentrations of phosphorus and sulfur, and proved useful also for certain experiments described in this paper. 18-hour cultures of sensitive bacteria grown in this medium contain about 2 × 109 cel ...
Developement of strategies for the isotopic labeling of methyl
Developement of strategies for the isotopic labeling of methyl

... permits the suppression of spurious correlations, especially harmful for structural studies based on detection/analysis of nOes. To make an efficient use of the obtained high quality NMR spectra using this protocol, assignment of the methyl groups signals is mandatory. Two strategies were then propo ...
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed

... 4-hydroxylase, C4H21, p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase, C3H22, but is not clear whether CoA-derivatives are involved or whether the C3-hydroxylation step proceeds, for example, through quinate- and shikimate esters22. Caffeic acid could in principle be O-methylated23 to form ferulic acid, the substrate ...
Unequal Crossing-over in Unique PABP2 Mutations in Japanese
Unequal Crossing-over in Unique PABP2 Mutations in Japanese

... alanine residues in our patients are equivalent to those reported to be generated by the (GCG)10(GCA)3GCG and (GCG)11(GCA)3GCG expanded alleles, respectively. All of our patients were heterozygous for the mutations. To our knowledge, only 1 Japanese family and 2 Italian families heterozygous for the ...
please refer to anzfa`s guide to applications and proposals for a
please refer to anzfa`s guide to applications and proposals for a

... soybean line DP-356043-5 (also referred to as soybean 356043) under Standard 1.5.2 – Food produced using Gene Technology, in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (the Code). Soybean 356043 has been genetically modified for tolerance to the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate and to acetolac ...
on the importance of cooperativity effects - RSC Publishing
on the importance of cooperativity effects - RSC Publishing

... contact pair is Glu–A, which represents 32.5% of all the contact pairs. From the results gathered in ESI Table 4† it can be deduced that A (92.8%), G (65.2%), and U (71.1%) interact preferentially with Glu. If we only consider surface (inter-chain) interactions by removing Cl and SO42, all these p ...
The antagonistic pleiotropy model
The antagonistic pleiotropy model

... The abnormal abdomen gene in fruit flies may be just such a pleiotropic gene. The effect of the abnormal abdomen gene is to cause the juvenile cuticle of the fruit fly to remain in place into adulthood.  It greatly increase early reproduction in the fruit fly, but it also speeds up senescence and ...
Multiple sequence alignment for phylogenetic purposes
Multiple sequence alignment for phylogenetic purposes

... are: (i) structure prediction, (ii) sequence comparison, (iii) database searching, and (iv) phylogenetic analysis. The alignment that is best suited to one of these purposes is not necessarily the one that is best suited to any of the other purposes. Let’s consider each of these purposes in turn, us ...
Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition
Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition

... The need to feed a growing population leads to a trend for highly specialised units where animals of high genetic merit are raised in optimum conditions. Advances in husbandry techniques are also made in response to the needs for rearing high genetic merit livestock. Improvements in feed efficiency ...
Transcription factor Sp3 is silenced through - IMT
Transcription factor Sp3 is silenced through - IMT

EVS - RSC - Developments in Microwave Chemistry
EVS - RSC - Developments in Microwave Chemistry

... to conventional heating methods. The microwave chemistry equipment market was estimated to be $ 89m in 2003. Although the market size is relatively small at present, in view of current growth trends, it is expected to reach $145.8m by 2008. This growth will be driven by advancement in equipment tech ...
Bacterial ribosome requires multiple L12 dimers for efficient initiation
Bacterial ribosome requires multiple L12 dimers for efficient initiation

... truncated tetrameric L12 complex from Thermotoga maritima favored a ‘parallel dimerization’ mode where two adjacent L12 molecules both with compact helical hinges were proposed to form the core dimer (12). However, this model failed to justify the strong dimer interaction in L12 dimer, had no functi ...
Genetic Algorithms and their Application to the Artificial Evol
Genetic Algorithms and their Application to the Artificial Evol

... Binary coding versus Gray coding of a number ...
Yeast Supplemental Material
Yeast Supplemental Material

... multiple strains to develop distinct characters in their specialty beers. Many brewers feel that the flavor and aroma qualities of a particular strain of yeast are so important that they will tailor their process to the idiosyncracies of that particular strain. Flocculation is the aggregation (group ...
Polyploidy
Polyploidy

... Chromosomal Duplication ...an event that results in the increase in the number of copies of a particular chromosomal region, ...
Fig. 3 - FEMS Microbiology Letters
Fig. 3 - FEMS Microbiology Letters

... the lack of key enzymes [4], or from the ingestion of toxic compounds. However, most cases of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease do not have an obvious clinical cause, and this review concerns this idiopathic condition. In humans, oxalate is ingested with many common foods and beverages including ...
The landscape of Neandertal ancestry in present
The landscape of Neandertal ancestry in present

... regions that derive from Neandertals in any one human today are usually less than a hundred kilobases in size. However, Neandertal haplotypes are also distinctive enough that several studies have been able to detect Neandertal ancestry at specific loci1,3–8. Here, we have systematically inferred Nea ...
chemical structure and properties
chemical structure and properties

... comprehensive over material covered up to the exam date. The second exam will cover only material after the first exam. Term Paper: * It should be 8-10 double spaced pages and is due no later than the last day of class, April 29Th. Format should be “Times New Roman”, 12 point font with 1.25 inch mar ...
gemini Documentation
gemini Documentation

Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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