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Amino Acid-Protecting Groups
Amino Acid-Protecting Groups

... clean formation of new bonds and appropriate protecting groups are required to prevent the formation of undesired bonds and side-reactions.1,2 Thus a promising synthetic strategy can be jeopardized if the corresponding protecting groups are not properly chosen. Emil Fischer was possibly the first to ...
anatomical skin dimples
anatomical skin dimples

... halves of the jaw bone, or muscle, during the embryonal and fetal development. For other individuals, it can develop over time, often because one half of the jaw is longer than the other, leading to facial asymmetry. This is an inherited trait in humans, where the dominant gene causes the cleft chin ...
Fast evolutionary rates associated with functional loss in class I
Fast evolutionary rates associated with functional loss in class I

... and for parasite development in vivo [5]. A third glucose transporter gene, sgtp2, has also been identified. The sgtp2 open reading frame was interrupted by a missing base ~260 bp downstream the first initiator ATG codon. The hypothetical addition of a base at this downstream position resulted in a ...
The novel cytochrome c6 of chloroplasts
The novel cytochrome c6 of chloroplasts

... expected of a functionally-folded protein. However, it was found to have a redox midpoint potential for the haem over 200 mV lower than that for plastocyanin from Arabidopsis (365 mV) or cytochrome c6 from the eukaryotic green alga Monoraphidium (358 mV). The low midpoint potential of the Arabidopsi ...
Sample question set 1 biology
Sample question set 1 biology

... Which one of the basic 3 plant cell types has irregularly thickened cell walls, retains its cytoplasm, and functions in structural support? ANSWER: COLLENCHYMA TOSS-UP 23) BIOLOGY Short Answer What are the common names for the 2 functional groups that combine to form a peptide bond? ANSWER: AMINO; C ...
Metabolism of [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine by
Metabolism of [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine by

A network-based approach to cell metabolism: from structure to flux balances
A network-based approach to cell metabolism: from structure to flux balances

... interact and how these interactions determine the behavior of cells [5]. This implies a wide knowledge on how reactions are interconnected with metabolites to integrate a whole metabolic network. One can use this metabolic map to study, for example, how different pathways interact [6, 7]. A clear un ...
Huntingtin function during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development
Huntingtin function during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development

... expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the 5’ region of a novel 4p16.3 gene called huntingtin (HTT) [5, 6]. The expanded CAG repeat region in the HTT gene encodes a long stretch of glutamine residues starting at amino acid 17 of the protein product known as huntingtin (htt; described further in Sect ...
4. Rh Phenotyping
4. Rh Phenotyping

... In this procedure, commonly tested antigens of the Rh system will be studied. Normally the only Rh antigen identified in routine pretransfusion testing is the D antigen. Four additional Rh antigens are: C, E, –c, and ‘. Information obtained through the identification of these antigens may be used in ...
Consistency analysis of redundant probe sets on Affymetrix three
Consistency analysis of redundant probe sets on Affymetrix three

... being able to quantify changes in alternative splicing. Many groups have reported success using exon arrays in this way, while others have explored alternative designs in which probes span exon-exon junctions and interrogate individual splicing events. In this paper, we argue that the three-prime ar ...
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA

... stramenopile and chromistan sequences. In both trees, alpha-proteobacteria are sister to eukaryotes, indicating the mitochondrial ancestry of this protein. Several studies have suggested that Rickettsia prowazekii is the sister taxa to mitochondria (see for example Karlin and Brocchieri, 2000). Inte ...
Streptococcus faecium - International Journal of Systematic and
Streptococcus faecium - International Journal of Systematic and

... Staphylococcus sciuri and Escherichia coli were grown in shake flasks containing glucose-peptone-yeast extract broth (13) at 34°C. All strains were harvested in the exponential phase. The procedures used to prepare cell walls and determine the peptidoglycan types have been described previously (19, ...
Mitotic Spindle Assembly by Two Different Pathways in Vitro
Mitotic Spindle Assembly by Two Different Pathways in Vitro

Article The Evolution of Momordica Cyclic Peptides
Article The Evolution of Momordica Cyclic Peptides

... been reported (Hernandez et al. 2000; Mylne et al. 2012) whereas the others are new but have similar sequences that share the Asp–Gly cyclization point. Similarly, two of the encoded acyclic peptides, that is, TI-5 and TI-6, have been reported (Mylne et al. 2012). The other acyclic peptide, that is, ...
p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA
p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA

Haemophilia (2013) - Haemophilia Foundation Australia
Haemophilia (2013) - Haemophilia Foundation Australia

... then be needed so blood can clot normally. Internal bleeding episodes or ‘bleeds’ are the main problem for most people with haemophilia. Bleeds are most commonly into joints or muscles. They can happen without an obvious cause (sometimes called ‘spontaneous’), or as a result of injury. If internal b ...
Vitamins and related Compounds
Vitamins and related Compounds

... Introduction Vitamins are organic molecules that are required in the diet for normal health and growth of an organism. This need arises due to the inability of cells to produce these compounds. The name ‘vitamin’ was originally given to these accessory food factors because these were known to be vi ...
THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHONIUM INDENYLIDE COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM(II)
THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHONIUM INDENYLIDE COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM(II)

... fair, encouraging, and insightful. Thanks for always trying to steer me in the right direction. Let’s hope the Jays can finally pull it out this year. The past and present members of the Baird lab have always made my time at Queen’s enjoyable and stimulating. I’d like to especially thank AF for demo ...
9. Wakil, S. J., Green, DE, Mii, S., and Mahler, HR (1954) Studies on
9. Wakil, S. J., Green, DE, Mii, S., and Mahler, HR (1954) Studies on

... has six equivalent centers of fatty acid synthesis each of which contains the seven catalytic domains; hence, the enzyme is a proficient factory for fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, the structure of the yeast fatty acid synthase was examined by negative-stain and electron cryomicroscopy. A three-dime ...
allyl cysteine sulphoxide
allyl cysteine sulphoxide

... callus have been maintained for up to 15 days on a phytogel/MS medium, with and without sulphate, containing a range of potential precursors to the synthesis of Alliin (at different concentrations).  This method of substrate feeding will only give a positive result if: the substrate gets into the ...
SCHEMA Recombination of a
SCHEMA Recombination of a

... Cys-Ser single mutation markedly stabilized the parent CBH IIs; the largest effect was an ⬃8 °C increase in T50 for H. jecorina CBH II containing the C311S substitution (supplemental Fig. 3). The Cys-Ser mutation was also tested in two chimeras, 31311112 and 13231111, that did not contain B7P3 as we ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... glycogen phosphorylase, or α-glucan phosphorylase. It is well accepted, however, that this enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, or α-glucan phosphorylase. It is well accepted, however, that this enzyme is simply referred to as “phosphorylase”, because it is the most extensively studied and widely used is ...
XTalkDB: a database of signaling pathway crosstalk
XTalkDB: a database of signaling pathway crosstalk

... from pathway A to pathway B and other papers in the other direction. It is also possible for a publication to support crosstalk in both directions. We describe how we curated a paper for evidence of crosstalk from pathway A to pathway B. We used an analogous procedure for crosstalk in the other dire ...
ORNAMENTAL WHITE CLOVER BREEDING AND LEAF TRAIT
ORNAMENTAL WHITE CLOVER BREEDING AND LEAF TRAIT

... (1955) state that the expression of the various leaf marks is controlled by two different genes (V and R) that each contain multiple alleles. Corkill (1971) hypothesized that the leaf marks are instead controlled by two different loci, each consisting of tightly linked genes, due to a small recombin ...
Establishing neuroblast-specific gene expression in the Drosophila
Establishing neuroblast-specific gene expression in the Drosophila

... The spatial pattern of Hkb in the neuroectoderm is complex but highly reproducible (Fig. 1D-F). The neuroectoderm can be divided into seven rows along the A/P axis and three columns along the mediolateral axis; these rows and columns reflect boundaries of gene expression as well as the subsequent ar ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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