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GENE THERAPY
GENE THERAPY

... Small nucleotide sequence used to detect the presence of complementary sequence in nucleic acid samples. Both RNA and DNA are used as probes. • ADVANTAGES: 1. Highly specific, relatively rapid and much simpler. 2. Extremely powerful when combined with PCR. 3. Applicable to such organisms which could ...
Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation
Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation

... as a series of 3 letter words called codons ...
Transgenic plant Herbicide Resistance
Transgenic plant Herbicide Resistance

... 1. Scientifically based, based on information of organism, used technology and effects to humans and environment 2. Product-based approach, use existing product-based legislation 3. Familiarity and substantial equivalence, experience with the use of that species. The determination is based on scient ...
Making probes/primers
Making probes/primers

... DNA synthesis using the Phosphoramidite method. •Before the start of synthesis amino groups of adenine, guanine and cytosine are derivatised by addition of benzoyl, isobutyryl and benzoyl groups respectively to prevent undesirable side reactions during chain growth. •Thymine is not treated as it ha ...
Issues in Biotechnology
Issues in Biotechnology

... 19. The control of gene expression is critical to all living things. The amino acid tryptophan is important for making many proteins. When there is plenty of tryptophan in a cell a protein binds to the gene that codes for enzyme that will make tryptophan. When there is no tryptophan present this pr ...
Document
Document

... The ontology. Dividing human knowledge into a clean set of categories is a lot like trying to figure out where to find that suspenseful black comedy at your corner video store. Questions inevitably come up, like are Movies part of Art or Entertainment? (Yahoo! lists them under the latter.) -Wired Ma ...
full text - pdf 1384 kB
full text - pdf 1384 kB

... and bifunctional intercalators. There are determinations of the same drug binding to different base sequences, and the same base sequences interacting with drug molecules which have been modified chemically in small but significant ways. By comparing the different structures it is possible to determ ...
Station #3: DNA structure, replication, protein synthesis, mutation
Station #3: DNA structure, replication, protein synthesis, mutation

... 6. Which of the following correctly describes how proteins are made? DNA is transcribed into amino acids, then translated into mRNA which forms a protein. a. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, then translated into amino acids which form a protein. b. DNA is transcribed into mRNA then translated into carb ...
word - Mr Idea Hamster
word - Mr Idea Hamster

... 2. Understand and effectively use sequence searching parameters. 3. Understand and observe postulated evolution of proteins/genes. 4. Understand and observe the interconnectedness of genetic diseases, gene alleles, proteins booboos, protein functions, amino acid sequences, and nucleotide sequences. ...
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS

... 3. Physically, chimpanzees are not as similar to us as were the australopithecines, yet the australopithecines are in a different genus from us. 4. A single gene can control the rates of development of specific structures, causing enormous differences in the relative sizes of organs in two species. ...
“Algorithms for genomes” 2b Central Dogma Transcription start and
“Algorithms for genomes” 2b Central Dogma Transcription start and

BI_1_Yang
BI_1_Yang

... Genetic variation information Gene regulation Gene Ontology (GO) Biological pathways: BioCarta and KEGG Protein-protein interaction network ...
Constructing a Model of Protein Synthesis
Constructing a Model of Protein Synthesis

... are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) is needed to match the mRNA codons and amino acids together. As the code carried by mRNA is “read” on a ribosome, the proper tRNA’s arrive in turn and provide the correct amino acids to the g ...
Genetic Engineering ppt
Genetic Engineering ppt

... As plasmids are extremely small, we cannot tell by looking which ones have got the human gene in the right place. We need to use a ‘shotgun’ approach and incubate thousands of plasmids with hundreds of bacterial cells ...
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

... amino acid sequence (requires purification of the protein and some peptide sequencing) •Using an antibody against the protein of interest (note: this requires use of an expression vector) •Plus/minus or differential screening (the least ...
G.tigrina Hox
G.tigrina Hox

... 4) The three amplified gene fragments will then be inserted into pGEM-T vectors and recombined via ligation. 5) The pGEM-T vectors will be placed into E.coli, amplified, and sequenced to determine if the gene fragments properly recombined and the restriction sites were removed. 6) Enzymatically remo ...
BIO 1102 - Makerere University Courses
BIO 1102 - Makerere University Courses

... This course is designed to introduce students to the Genetics and its use in understanding diversity of living organisms. The course covers the structure of nucleic acids, protein synthesis, the gene code and inheritance. It also introduces the students to the practical applications of genetics in t ...
Chromosome structure File
Chromosome structure File

... for two or more different polypeptides, the mRNA is polycistronic. In eukaryotes, most mRNAs are monocistronic ...
Gene Section AF9 (ALL1 fused gene from chromosome 9)
Gene Section AF9 (ALL1 fused gene from chromosome 9)

... M5/M4 de novo and therapy related ANLL. Prognosis The prognosis may not be as poor as in other 11q23 leukaemias in de novo cases; very poor prognosis in secondary ANLL cases. Cytogenetics May be overlooked; often as a sole anomaly. Hybrid/Mutated Gene Variable breakpoints on both genes. Abnormal Pro ...
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... d. Teosinte plants with similar characteristics were inbred until the desired traits were produced. _____ 2. Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs a. change the number of chromosomes found in cells. b. change eukaryotic plants into prokaryotic plants. c. f ...
Sex Chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes

... Genotype: the complete set of genes (dominant and recessive) we’ve inherited from biological parents; present at conception ...
Chapter 21 The Genetic Control of Animal Development
Chapter 21 The Genetic Control of Animal Development

... The Homeotic Genes of Drosophila  The Drosophila homeotic genes form two large clusters on one of the autosomes.  All of the homeotic genes encode helix-turn-helix transcription factors with a conserved homeodomain region involved in DNA binding. These genes control a regulatory cascade of targe ...
Genetic Disorders & Diseases
Genetic Disorders & Diseases

... In order to have the disease, one would have to inherit two copies (alleles) of the abnormal gene, one from each parent ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... This system allows the dramatic differences between cell types to be controlled during differentiation and produced by differences in gene expression Myoblasts (mucle precursor cells) fuse and produce actin and myosin, ion channel proteins, etc. One regulatory protein involved is MyoD. Fiberblasts f ...
Genomics and Behavior “Central Dogma” Outline
Genomics and Behavior “Central Dogma” Outline

... which traits acquired by parents could be passed on to successive generations. Although usually attributed to Jean Baptiste Lamarck, it was a commonly accepted method of inheritance in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The rise of the “modern synthesis” of evolution rejects this mode of inheri ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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