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Bioinformatics - University of Hawaii
Bioinformatics - University of Hawaii

... database 1995 – Dr. Owen White writes software to help find gene elements (promoters, start and stop codons, etc.) in the sequenced Haemophilus influenzae genome 1996 – NCBI-BLAST created to provide powerful heuristic searches against the GenBank database ...
Document
Document

... • They can be naturally produced in bacteria and the bacteria use them as a defense mechanism against viral infection – The enzymes chop up the viral nucleic acids and destroy the virus – More than 3,000 known restriction enzymes – Common ones are: EcoRI, Psti, HindII ...
genetics_4
genetics_4

... experiments in their monastery garden. • In 1865 he made his work public, units of inheritance. ...
point mutation
point mutation

... A- Phosphate group B- 5 Carbon Sugar (Pentose Sugar, specifically deoxyribose) C- Nitrogenous Base (this one happens to be adenine) Together they are known as a NUCLEOTIDE. ...
pdf Gene Patents: Why you should care who controls your genes
pdf Gene Patents: Why you should care who controls your genes

The gene for the human architectural
The gene for the human architectural

... At the human E-selectin promoter I(Y) mediates the interaction of two NFicB-containing complexes essential for cytokineinduced expression (9), whilst at the IL4 promoter I(Y) can have a suppressive effect (10). Recently it has been shown that I(Y) also interacts specifically with the POU domain of t ...
Cloning Vectors
Cloning Vectors

... • Many cloning vectors contain a multiple cloning site or polylinker: a DNA segment with several unique sites for restriction endo- nucleases located next to each other • Restriction sites of the polylinker are not present anywhere else in the plasmid. • Cutting plasmids with one of the restriction ...
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE VIRUS
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE VIRUS

... Rabies, flu lytic ...
Positive Gene Regulation
Positive Gene Regulation

... More than one somatic mutation is needed to produce full-fledged cancer cells. (the older we get the more likely we are to develop cancer) ...
Presentation
Presentation

... CP 933R CP 933V CP 933U CP 933O CP 933P CP 933K CP 933M ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz
RNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz

... D. UCU 21) The genetic code is based upon the reading of how many bases at a time? A. one B. two C. three D. four 22) Amino acids are held together by __?__ bonds. A. hydrogen B. peptide C. ionic D. high energy 23) How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? A. 3 C. 9 B. 6 D. 12 24) One ...
The human genome: a prospect for paediatrics
The human genome: a prospect for paediatrics

... simple bacterium Escherichia coli, a mere five million base pairs, has yet to be determined. As a typical protein comprises say, three hundred amino acids, only one thousand nucleotides are required on average for a structural gene's coding region. The human genome, therefore, has sufficient DNA to ...
Genetic Control of Growth
Genetic Control of Growth

... By the end of this lesson you should be able to:  Describe the Jacob-Monod hypothesis of gene action in bacteria.  Explain lactose metabolism in Escherichia coli.  Describe the role played by genes in the control of metabolic pathways.  Know what PKU is and how it is caused.  Describe how cell ...
Protein Synthesis Project 1516
Protein Synthesis Project 1516

... In  a  process  called  transcription,  which  takes  place  in  the  nucleus  of  the  cell,  messenger  RNA  (mRNA)  reads  and   copies  the  DNA’s  nucleotide  sequences  in  the  form  of  a  complementary  RNA  molecule.  Then   ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology W4034/3034 Final Exam Dec
BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology W4034/3034 Final Exam Dec

... 3) The HER2 is a transmembrane signaling protein whose extracellular domain binds the protein hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that is over-expressed in some breast cancer tumors. Herceptin is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the HER2 receptor and is being used to treat those cancers. 3A ...
Basic Medical College of Fudan University
Basic Medical College of Fudan University

... a) The mitochondrial genome comprises circular double-stranded DNA containing 16.6 k bp b) The mitochondrial genome includes 37 genes: 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. c) Mitochondrial genes do not contain introns. d) Mitochondria use the universal genetic code for t ...
Chapter 2 need to know
Chapter 2 need to know

... • Cause: Recessive gene (victims are homozygous, but heterozygous subjects are also mildly affected) • Traits: Abnormal blood cells cause circulatory problems (e.g., heart enlargement) and severe anemia • Incidence: 8-9% of U.S. blacks • Outlook: Crippling, but treatable with medication ...
Honors Biology
Honors Biology

... daughter cells: do the chromosome numbers remain the same or do they change?, if they change-how do they change?, are the daughter cells the same as each other and than parent cell or are they different from each other and the parent cell?  method of reproduction associated with each: when is mitos ...
Supplementary Materials (doc 54K)
Supplementary Materials (doc 54K)

幻灯片 1
幻灯片 1

... •It accompanies the replication of genetic material and does not depend on sequence ...
DNA sequences at the beginning of genes—at least in
DNA sequences at the beginning of genes—at least in

... polymerase II pauses at the beginning of a gene as if taking a lunch break. More often than not, pausing occurred at genes important for development. Zeitlinger thought pausing may help The cells translate these RNA molecules into proteins that manage almost everything in the first get these molecul ...
Unit 1 – Introduction to Biology STUDY GUIDE
Unit 1 – Introduction to Biology STUDY GUIDE

... 12. Based on the Macromolecule Diet Lab, which two macromolecules are most important for energy in our cells? Which of these contains the greatest amount of energy? Explain how you know this. Carbohydrates and Lipids are the most important macromolecules for energy in our cells. Lipids contain more ...
Student book links
Student book links

... Some students find it difficult to distinguish between the terms: locus; gene; and allele. Using different functional and structural models of chromosomes and genes can be confusing. Some students find the idea of a degenerate code difficult to understand. Students often find it difficult to underst ...
DNA TECHNOLOGY
DNA TECHNOLOGY

... DNA recombination or genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes ...
RNA seq Presentation
RNA seq Presentation

... • This quantity can be used for within sample analysis • Note: gene annotation and length come from an ‘exon model’ ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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