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International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ksgA mutations confer
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ksgA mutations confer

... N/A, not applicable; C, cervix; B, blood; P, pharynx; R, rectum; U, urethra; EM, endometrium. a Classified as kasugamycin-resistant. b Multiple sites of isolation are listed in the original report [27], therefore the actual site of isolation is not known. ...
New Phytologist Supporting Information Notes S1  Populus trichocarpa
New Phytologist Supporting Information Notes S1 Populus trichocarpa

The role of mutagenesis in defining genes in behaviour
The role of mutagenesis in defining genes in behaviour

... carefully screened for phenotypes using observational, neurological, behavioural and pathological assessments. More details of mutagenesis and examples of screening protocols can be seen elsewhere.7,8 Outliers are identified qualitatively or by using statistical methods and, once inheritance and pen ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... coding sequence which length is not divisible by three. In addition, we can annotate protein sequences formed by an inversion and shifted variants of inversions as well. A frameshift variant is a genetic mutation due to insertions or deletions on a DNA sequence that is consequently translated into a ...
The energy-less red blood cell is lost
The energy-less red blood cell is lost

... and the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Several enzymes including hexokinase (HK), PK, G6PD, aldolase, and pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase (P5’N) display much higher activity in reticulocytes and are often referred to as the age-related enzymes.16 A number of red blood cell enzymopathies ...
by Vanessa Di Gioacchino A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology
by Vanessa Di Gioacchino A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology

... Mental illness encompasses a wide variety of disorders that affect diverse subsets of the population. Despite their prevalence, the underlying causes of many of these illnesses are still poorly understood. For example, schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population (Carpenter and Buchanan, ...
Feline Genetics: a Combinatorial Approach
Feline Genetics: a Combinatorial Approach

... Introduction: combinatorial models for feline genetics. These notes are aimed to give a simplified and synthetic account of feline genetics, whose biological and biochemical prerequisites are reduced to a minimum. This goal is achieved by systematically using Mendelian models of genetic transmission ...
Anaerobic protists and hidden mitochondria
Anaerobic protists and hidden mitochondria

Immobilization_Mecha..
Immobilization_Mecha..

... performed using ImageJ.17 For each sample, the average intensity of five spots was taken, along with a background area next to each spot. The fluorescence signal for each spot was determined by normalization to the background intensity: signal = [spot intensity/background intensity] − 1. With this tec ...
3-2 Organelles and the Cytoplasm
3-2 Organelles and the Cytoplasm

... • 3-1 List the functions of the plasma membrane and the structural features that enable it to perform those functions. • 3-2 Describe the organelles of a typical cell, and indicate the specific functions of each. • 3-3 Explain the functions of the cell nucleus and discuss the nature and importance o ...
Abstract
Abstract

... SMN-fl levels in carriers and controls. The variation observed in SMN1-fl levels in repetitive samplings of controls remains unexplained since the fine regulation of the SMN locus is largely unknown: to our knowledge, only 4 kb of the promoter region have been studied so far. Interestingly, as shown ...
Identification and Developmental Expression of a Novel Low
Identification and Developmental Expression of a Novel Low

... Materials and Methods of cDNA libraries. A partial-length cDNA (Lewis and Cowan, 1985) for the mouse 68,000 Da neurofilament protein (NF-L) was labeled with 32P by random primed synthesis. At reduced stringency [2x saline-sodium citrate (SSC), 65”C], this probe hybridized on Northern blots of Xenopu ...
Beyond The Classical Cystic Fibrosis
Beyond The Classical Cystic Fibrosis

... Besides the classical form of severe disease, other clinical forms of CF have been identified and called “atypical” forms. These one show monosymptomatic phenotype (recurrent pancreatitis, congenital bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens, asthma, bronchiectasis) and benign prognosis than the classi ...
Phylogenetic analysis of nitrogen-fixing and quorum sensing bacteria
Phylogenetic analysis of nitrogen-fixing and quorum sensing bacteria

... and Diazotrophs. A phylogenetic analysis of nifH genes may provide insights into the evolution of the bacterial genomes. However, due to wobblebase degeneracies, the third base in the codons of a protein-coding gene is of little value in the analysis of distantly related proteins. Translation of DNA ...
Sex Chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes

... • In every diploid cell of the female only one X chromosomes is active. • Inactivation of X chromosome occurs randomly in somatic cells during embryogenesis. • Progeny of cells all have same inactivated X chromosome as original (clonality), creating mosaic individual. • X inactivation is irreversibl ...
data
data

Increased BDNF Promoter Methylation in the
Increased BDNF Promoter Methylation in the

... Pyrosequencing analysis of the BDNF gene. A, Structure of the human BDNF gene promoter IV. The transcriptional start site (+1) is indicated by an arrow. The positions of the CpG sites analyzed (open circles) and of the primers used (arrows) for pyrosequencing analysis are indicated. BDNF FW1 (biotin ...
ch_03_cells_presentation
ch_03_cells_presentation

... • 3-1 List the functions of the plasma membrane and the structural features that enable it to perform those functions. • 3-2 Describe the organelles of a typical cell, and indicate the specific functions of each. • 3-3 Explain the functions of the cell nucleus and discuss the nature and importance o ...
Genetic Diversity CHAPTER
Genetic Diversity CHAPTER

... of restriction enzymes that cut the DNA at a particular sequence encoded by one allele, but not the other. Multiple enzymes were often used when genotyping SNPs in order to obtain readable accurate results. Different enzymes are used to detect different polymorphisms. Later studies substituted RFLP ...
Mechanisms of plasmid stable maintenance with special focus on
Mechanisms of plasmid stable maintenance with special focus on

... 1995) and ParB (Rodionov et al., 1999). All three components, partition proteins A, B and par site, are required for partition. The ParB proteins bind specifically to their cognate cis-acting DNA sequences termed centromere-like regions (Mori et al., 1989; Watanabe et al., 1989). These cis-acting si ...


... glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. Historically, the so-called "nonessential amino acids" have not received much attention from nutritionists because of the assumption that these nutrients are synthesized adequately by the body. However, growing evidence shows that this assumption is ...
Genomic rearrangements in MSH2, MLH1 or MSH6 are rare in
Genomic rearrangements in MSH2, MLH1 or MSH6 are rare in

... germline mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and MLH3. Most reported pathogenic mutations are point mutations, comprising single base substitutions, small insertions and deletions. In addition, genomic rearrangements, such as large deletions and duplications not detec ...
Methodology for predicting semantic annotations of protein
Methodology for predicting semantic annotations of protein

... The basis of cell and molecular biology: a) DNA replication one doublestranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of the DNA, b) RNA transcription a segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase, if the gene transcribed encodes a protein, the result of transcription is the m ...
PDF Full-text
PDF Full-text

... them however from later practical applications. Phosphinic compounds avoid these inconveniences. Phosphinates are stable over the whole pH range and equipotent with or only slightly less potent than the corresponding phosphonamidate species [15]. The utility potential of phosphinic peptides in drug ...
Biocurator_Training_3
Biocurator_Training_3

... In the table on your team page http://gowiki.tamu.edu/wiki/index.php/Category:Team_Mu_subunits ...
< 1 ... 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 ... 2254 >

Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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