Refining the Definition of Plant Mitochondrial
... analysis of 58 experimentally proven plant mitochondrial presequences deposited in the Swiss-Prot database revealed two major classes containing an Arg residue at positions 22 and 23 and one class without any conserved Arg residues (Zhang et al., 2001; Zhang and Glaser, 2002). However, this data set ...
... analysis of 58 experimentally proven plant mitochondrial presequences deposited in the Swiss-Prot database revealed two major classes containing an Arg residue at positions 22 and 23 and one class without any conserved Arg residues (Zhang et al., 2001; Zhang and Glaser, 2002). However, this data set ...
Chemistry 1010
... – 9000 different proteins in a cell – Individual human being >100,000 different – Fibrous Protein • Insoluble in H2O • Used mainly for structural purposes ...
... – 9000 different proteins in a cell – Individual human being >100,000 different – Fibrous Protein • Insoluble in H2O • Used mainly for structural purposes ...
1q21 microdeletions
... million base pairs, or one so-called megabase (Mb) of DNA. Base pairs are the chemicals in DNA that form the ends of the ‘rungs’ of its ladder-like structure. Chromosome 1 has around 247 Mb in total and band 1q21.1 alone contains around 5.4 Mb. In a class 1 deletion, DNA is typically missing between ...
... million base pairs, or one so-called megabase (Mb) of DNA. Base pairs are the chemicals in DNA that form the ends of the ‘rungs’ of its ladder-like structure. Chromosome 1 has around 247 Mb in total and band 1q21.1 alone contains around 5.4 Mb. In a class 1 deletion, DNA is typically missing between ...
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... Spodoptera litura larval growth and weight. It was suggested that this peptide probably functions as a novel DAMP (damage-associated molecular pattern) inducer of immunity. AtCAPE1 has been also found to function as a negative regulator of salt stress [16]. In our work, using the C-terminal fusion o ...
... Spodoptera litura larval growth and weight. It was suggested that this peptide probably functions as a novel DAMP (damage-associated molecular pattern) inducer of immunity. AtCAPE1 has been also found to function as a negative regulator of salt stress [16]. In our work, using the C-terminal fusion o ...
Modeling Multi-typed Structurally Viewed Chemicals with the UMLS
... because some of the original structural components are expended in its creation. The neutralization reaction of an acid and a base producing a salt is a simple example of this scenario. The new chemical, salt, contains parts of acid and base; however, it is neither an acid nor a base. In this sense, ...
... because some of the original structural components are expended in its creation. The neutralization reaction of an acid and a base producing a salt is a simple example of this scenario. The new chemical, salt, contains parts of acid and base; however, it is neither an acid nor a base. In this sense, ...
ARF-Aux/IAA interactions through domain III/IV are not strictly
... integrated, single copy 2XD0:GUS and DR5:GUS reporter genes whether or not auxin is applied to the protoplasts.11,15 With the ...
... integrated, single copy 2XD0:GUS and DR5:GUS reporter genes whether or not auxin is applied to the protoplasts.11,15 With the ...
glucuronidation of opioids, carboxylic acid
... UGT isoforms. UGTs that are members of the UGT1 gene complex share common second through fifth exons, with at least 12 separate first exons coding for proteins with unique amino-terminal domains (2). In contrast, gene products of the UGT2 family appear to be transcribed from unique genes (3, 4). Alt ...
... UGT isoforms. UGTs that are members of the UGT1 gene complex share common second through fifth exons, with at least 12 separate first exons coding for proteins with unique amino-terminal domains (2). In contrast, gene products of the UGT2 family appear to be transcribed from unique genes (3, 4). Alt ...
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... by providing oxaloacetate for conversion into citrate which is exported from the mitochondria and cleaved in the cytosol to form oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA [21] (see Figure 1). The latter molecule is a building block for long-chain fatty acid synthesis. In murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PC protein, its ...
... by providing oxaloacetate for conversion into citrate which is exported from the mitochondria and cleaved in the cytosol to form oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA [21] (see Figure 1). The latter molecule is a building block for long-chain fatty acid synthesis. In murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PC protein, its ...
Oral free and dipeptide forms of glutamine supplementation
... providing optimal treatments, which include nutritional support, lives can be saved. Because glutamine is a key substrate for cells, such as hepatocytes, enterocytes, muscle, and immune cells, previous studies suggested that the administration of L-glutamine might attenuate inflammation [9] and prote ...
... providing optimal treatments, which include nutritional support, lives can be saved. Because glutamine is a key substrate for cells, such as hepatocytes, enterocytes, muscle, and immune cells, previous studies suggested that the administration of L-glutamine might attenuate inflammation [9] and prote ...
Cloning and functional characterization of a new subtype of the
... To determine whether or not the SN2-mediated transport function involves the efflux of H⫹ from the oocyte, we coexpressed rat SN2 and human PEPT1, a H⫹/peptide cotransporter (8, 16), in the same oocyte and investigated the interaction between these two transporters in terms of transmembrane H⫹ gradi ...
... To determine whether or not the SN2-mediated transport function involves the efflux of H⫹ from the oocyte, we coexpressed rat SN2 and human PEPT1, a H⫹/peptide cotransporter (8, 16), in the same oocyte and investigated the interaction between these two transporters in terms of transmembrane H⫹ gradi ...
Separation of DNA Restriction Fragments by Ion
... amino groups with pK values evenly spread from ca. pH .3 up to over pH 9. The charge content of this gel will thus change with pH. At low pH the gel will be highly charged, while at high pH it will hardly be charged at all. In particular we wanted to compare the effects of the following factors on t ...
... amino groups with pK values evenly spread from ca. pH .3 up to over pH 9. The charge content of this gel will thus change with pH. At low pH the gel will be highly charged, while at high pH it will hardly be charged at all. In particular we wanted to compare the effects of the following factors on t ...
Epigenetic Regulation ofbdnfGene Transcription in the
... Long-term memory formation requires selective changes in gene expression. Here, we determined the contribution of chromatin remodeling to learning-induced changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) gene expression in the adult hippocampus. Contextual fear learning induced differential regul ...
... Long-term memory formation requires selective changes in gene expression. Here, we determined the contribution of chromatin remodeling to learning-induced changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) gene expression in the adult hippocampus. Contextual fear learning induced differential regul ...
Document
... due to residual NADPH formation in the crude extracts used. The ratio of acetate to malonate incorporated in parallel incubation mixtures in which labeled acetyl-CoA and unlabeled malonyl-CoA were used in one mixture and labeled malonyl-CoA and unlabeled acetyl-CoA in the other was about 1/7-8 which ...
... due to residual NADPH formation in the crude extracts used. The ratio of acetate to malonate incorporated in parallel incubation mixtures in which labeled acetyl-CoA and unlabeled malonyl-CoA were used in one mixture and labeled malonyl-CoA and unlabeled acetyl-CoA in the other was about 1/7-8 which ...
Src protein–tyrosine kinase structure and regulation
... SH3 domains (60 amino acid residues) bind to sequences that can adopt a left-handed helical conformation. These sequences are usually rich in proline. RPLPPLP is an optimal Class 1 Src SH3 ligand [2,14]. UPPLPXR is an optimal Class 2 Src SH3 ligand that binds with an inverted orientation on the SH3 ...
... SH3 domains (60 amino acid residues) bind to sequences that can adopt a left-handed helical conformation. These sequences are usually rich in proline. RPLPPLP is an optimal Class 1 Src SH3 ligand [2,14]. UPPLPXR is an optimal Class 2 Src SH3 ligand that binds with an inverted orientation on the SH3 ...
Load-balanced CDS construction in wireless sensor networks via
... addition-based algorithms (Wan et al., 2009). After that, to make a CDS more resilient in mobile WSNs, the faulttolerance of a VB is considered. Kim et al. (2010) introduced k-connected and m-dominated sets as a generalised abstraction of a fault-tolerance VB. Ding et al. (2010) proposed a Minimum r ...
... addition-based algorithms (Wan et al., 2009). After that, to make a CDS more resilient in mobile WSNs, the faulttolerance of a VB is considered. Kim et al. (2010) introduced k-connected and m-dominated sets as a generalised abstraction of a fault-tolerance VB. Ding et al. (2010) proposed a Minimum r ...
Biology 30 January 2000 Diploma Examination and Key
... Use the following information to answer the next five questions. The spermicide nonoxynol-9, which is applied to contraceptive devices such as diaphragms and condoms, has been linked to increased urinary tract infections in women. Although nonoxynol-9 is helpful in fighting the herpes virus and HIV ...
... Use the following information to answer the next five questions. The spermicide nonoxynol-9, which is applied to contraceptive devices such as diaphragms and condoms, has been linked to increased urinary tract infections in women. Although nonoxynol-9 is helpful in fighting the herpes virus and HIV ...
PKU at a Glance
... inability to metabolize PKU exists from the time the infant is in the womb. Infants are screened for PKU by a blood test shortly after ...
... inability to metabolize PKU exists from the time the infant is in the womb. Infants are screened for PKU by a blood test shortly after ...
Laboratory Evolution of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 Monooxygenase for Organic Cosolvents
... Organic Solvent Resistance Profiles ...
... Organic Solvent Resistance Profiles ...
Reactive cysteine in proteins: Protein folding - Genoma
... α-helix (Fig. 2A). Several reasons have been raised to explain this variation of the reducing capabilities, such as the composition of the amino acids in the CXXC motif (Table 1), network of charged amino acids and structural factors, such as the dipole property of the α-helix where the buried cyste ...
... α-helix (Fig. 2A). Several reasons have been raised to explain this variation of the reducing capabilities, such as the composition of the amino acids in the CXXC motif (Table 1), network of charged amino acids and structural factors, such as the dipole property of the α-helix where the buried cyste ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... These two factors, compactness and gene clustering, mean that many conferrable traits can be transferred between discrete replicating elements (chromosomes or plasmids) by the movement of relatively small fragments of DNA. Phylogenetic analyses of complete genomes have also shown that some prokaryot ...
... These two factors, compactness and gene clustering, mean that many conferrable traits can be transferred between discrete replicating elements (chromosomes or plasmids) by the movement of relatively small fragments of DNA. Phylogenetic analyses of complete genomes have also shown that some prokaryot ...
the long-term evolution of multilocus traits under frequency
... these authors studied the evolution of alleles at a single locus under frequency-dependent disruptive selection. Unlike models that consider a fixed and limited set of alleles, these analyses explicitly considered mutations with small phenotypic effects. Long-term evolution can then proceed as a seq ...
... these authors studied the evolution of alleles at a single locus under frequency-dependent disruptive selection. Unlike models that consider a fixed and limited set of alleles, these analyses explicitly considered mutations with small phenotypic effects. Long-term evolution can then proceed as a seq ...
Metabolic flux profiling of recombinant protein secreting Pichia
... (14.3 ± 0.3 g CDW/ C-mol) compared with glucose-only grown cultures (16.8 ± 1.2 g CDW/ C-mol). Nevertheless, considering the standard deviations of these calculated values, further experimental data would be required to confirm this tendency. Most notably, most methanol (about 80%) was ...
... (14.3 ± 0.3 g CDW/ C-mol) compared with glucose-only grown cultures (16.8 ± 1.2 g CDW/ C-mol). Nevertheless, considering the standard deviations of these calculated values, further experimental data would be required to confirm this tendency. Most notably, most methanol (about 80%) was ...
Pathways to abscisic acid-regulated gene expression
... ABA at the cellular and molecular levels will provide fundamental insights into growth and development and should lead to cogent strategies for genetic engineering applications including, but not limited to, increased crop productivity under stress conditions and value-added seed qualities. The adve ...
... ABA at the cellular and molecular levels will provide fundamental insights into growth and development and should lead to cogent strategies for genetic engineering applications including, but not limited to, increased crop productivity under stress conditions and value-added seed qualities. The adve ...
Maintenance of genomic integrity by p53: complementary
... preventing ®xation of DNA damage as mutations. This function of p53 led to the now famous coining of p53 as the `guardian of the genome' by Lane (1992). Although the main features of p53's role in maintaining the integrity of the genome seem to be outlined, there is still a lot to be learned as to h ...
... preventing ®xation of DNA damage as mutations. This function of p53 led to the now famous coining of p53 as the `guardian of the genome' by Lane (1992). Although the main features of p53's role in maintaining the integrity of the genome seem to be outlined, there is still a lot to be learned as to h ...
Point mutation
A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. A point mutant is an individual that is affected by a point mutation.Repeat induced point mutations are recurring point mutations, discussed below.