Homeostatic Competition Among T Cells Revealed by
... Whereas the significance of TCR signaling in the thymus and during immune responses is clear, the nature of its role in T cell homeostasis and postthymic selection of naive T cells is unresolved. It is unclear, for instance, whether TCR signaling in response to endogenous peptide–MHC ligands constit ...
... Whereas the significance of TCR signaling in the thymus and during immune responses is clear, the nature of its role in T cell homeostasis and postthymic selection of naive T cells is unresolved. It is unclear, for instance, whether TCR signaling in response to endogenous peptide–MHC ligands constit ...
The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Murine Early Embryo Loss.
... necrosis factor (TNF) have shown to be resistant to lysis. Thus far, the only cells capable of killing trophoblast cells is lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK) both in humans (King & Loke, 1990) and mice (Drake & Head, 1989). However, generation ofLAKs requires interleukin-2 and rô T cells may ...
... necrosis factor (TNF) have shown to be resistant to lysis. Thus far, the only cells capable of killing trophoblast cells is lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK) both in humans (King & Loke, 1990) and mice (Drake & Head, 1989). However, generation ofLAKs requires interleukin-2 and rô T cells may ...
Andrea Cerutti Regulation of B cell Responses by the Innate Immune System
... The immune system is comprised of a series of highly integrated physical structures and biological processes that protect our body against disease. This protection involves the recognition and clearance of foreign agents also referred to as antigens that range from toxic molecules to complex microor ...
... The immune system is comprised of a series of highly integrated physical structures and biological processes that protect our body against disease. This protection involves the recognition and clearance of foreign agents also referred to as antigens that range from toxic molecules to complex microor ...
Regional Specialisation of T Cell Subsets and Apoptosis in the
... pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, mainly in CD, has been clearly demonstrated.7 Besides these conventional T cell subsets, atypical and less-known T cells such as double positive T cells [DP, CD3+CD4+CD8+] and double negative T cells [DN, CD3+CD4-CD8-] may also exert regulatory and effector f ...
... pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, mainly in CD, has been clearly demonstrated.7 Besides these conventional T cell subsets, atypical and less-known T cells such as double positive T cells [DP, CD3+CD4+CD8+] and double negative T cells [DN, CD3+CD4-CD8-] may also exert regulatory and effector f ...
Transplant Outcome in Mice Effects of T Cell Frequency and Graft
... several discernable steps: activation of donor-reactive lymphocytes within secondary lymphoid organs (1), trafficking of the activated T lymphocytes to the graft (2, 3), re-encounter with the specific ligand at the graft site (4, 5), and elicitation of effector functions that lead to target organ in ...
... several discernable steps: activation of donor-reactive lymphocytes within secondary lymphoid organs (1), trafficking of the activated T lymphocytes to the graft (2, 3), re-encounter with the specific ligand at the graft site (4, 5), and elicitation of effector functions that lead to target organ in ...
Z. Yuan, X. Fan, B. Staitieh, et al. HIV
... varying stages of infection. Emerging data suggest that macrophages are key reservoirs for latent HIV even in individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Here, we investigated the potential role of TREM-1 in HIV latency in macrophages. Our data show that human macrophages infected with HIV show an increa ...
... varying stages of infection. Emerging data suggest that macrophages are key reservoirs for latent HIV even in individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Here, we investigated the potential role of TREM-1 in HIV latency in macrophages. Our data show that human macrophages infected with HIV show an increa ...
Umbilical cord blood stem cells – potential therapeutic tool for neural
... In order to fully understand the neural differentiation potential and pathways of umbilical cord blood stem cells, scientists had to purify and characterize population of interest and study the neural potential of the purified population. McGuckin and coauthors (2008) used negative selection method ...
... In order to fully understand the neural differentiation potential and pathways of umbilical cord blood stem cells, scientists had to purify and characterize population of interest and study the neural potential of the purified population. McGuckin and coauthors (2008) used negative selection method ...
Tumor Immune Escape Mechanisms
... cells is to recognize and destroy transformed cells. The concept of immunosurveillance was first introduced in 1909, when Paul Ehrlich proposed that immunity against cancer was mediated by “cellular forces” that kept tumors in check (1). The theory was later appended by Thomas Lewis and Sir MacFarla ...
... cells is to recognize and destroy transformed cells. The concept of immunosurveillance was first introduced in 1909, when Paul Ehrlich proposed that immunity against cancer was mediated by “cellular forces” that kept tumors in check (1). The theory was later appended by Thomas Lewis and Sir MacFarla ...
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Involves CD34
... To further define the cellular tropism, we attempted to infect CD341 cells in vitro. We were unable to demonstrate viral uptake by cells. These findings suggest that HCV replication can occur in the early differentiation stages of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and that they may be an important sou ...
... To further define the cellular tropism, we attempted to infect CD341 cells in vitro. We were unable to demonstrate viral uptake by cells. These findings suggest that HCV replication can occur in the early differentiation stages of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and that they may be an important sou ...
Immune memory in CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells
... of mature T cells do not undergo re-arrangement but those whose receptors possess the appropriate anity for peptide– major histocompatibility complex ( MHC) are selected and preferentially expanded. Thus T-cell immune memory is signalled by an increase in the number of T cells specific for a given ...
... of mature T cells do not undergo re-arrangement but those whose receptors possess the appropriate anity for peptide– major histocompatibility complex ( MHC) are selected and preferentially expanded. Thus T-cell immune memory is signalled by an increase in the number of T cells specific for a given ...
2 1-fructans modulate the immune system in vivo by direct
... microorganisms, yet a strong immune response can be raised against pathogens. The balance between tolerance and inflammatory responses is delicate and disturbances are implicated in an ever growing list of Western diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, diabetes, and even cancer (2) ...
... microorganisms, yet a strong immune response can be raised against pathogens. The balance between tolerance and inflammatory responses is delicate and disturbances are implicated in an ever growing list of Western diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, diabetes, and even cancer (2) ...
Regulatory T Cells in Central Nervous System Injury
... Naturally occurring Treg cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3 (11–13), have been intensively studied for their ability to suppress adaptive immune responses (14–17). This subset of T cells, which develops with high avidity to self-Ags, is especially important in controlling autoimmuni ...
... Naturally occurring Treg cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3 (11–13), have been intensively studied for their ability to suppress adaptive immune responses (14–17). This subset of T cells, which develops with high avidity to self-Ags, is especially important in controlling autoimmuni ...
Mendelian traits causing susceptibility to mucocutaneous fungal
... white-to-yellowish pseudomembranes consisting of fungi, debris, and inflammatory cells, with the underlying tissue massively inflamed.5 Oral candidiasis is very common in patients with CMC6 and other PIDs, such as hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES)7,8 and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal ...
... white-to-yellowish pseudomembranes consisting of fungi, debris, and inflammatory cells, with the underlying tissue massively inflamed.5 Oral candidiasis is very common in patients with CMC6 and other PIDs, such as hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES)7,8 and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal ...
LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction Lowers the Threshold of B Cell Activation by Facilitating
... hormone receptors, and lipids have been identified as autoantigens (Lernmark, 2001). However, it is still unknown how B cells become activated by these membrane antigens. Thus, membrane antigen recognition is likely to play an important role in determining the fate of B cells in vivo during an immun ...
... hormone receptors, and lipids have been identified as autoantigens (Lernmark, 2001). However, it is still unknown how B cells become activated by these membrane antigens. Thus, membrane antigen recognition is likely to play an important role in determining the fate of B cells in vivo during an immun ...
bcl-2 Proto-oncogene Expression in Normal and
... regulated during normal lymphopoiesis. The bcl-2 gene encodes a major nonglycosylated protein of 26 Kd lacking leader or kinase d0mains.4~~~'~ Subcellular fractionation studies have recently established that bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein," the first example of a proto-oncogene wit ...
... regulated during normal lymphopoiesis. The bcl-2 gene encodes a major nonglycosylated protein of 26 Kd lacking leader or kinase d0mains.4~~~'~ Subcellular fractionation studies have recently established that bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein," the first example of a proto-oncogene wit ...
The role of glucose and lipid metabolism in the
... three distinct groups, class I, II and III. The high affinity class I transporters Glut1, Glut3 and Glut4 are widely and abundantly expressed in the body, although Glut4 is preferentially expressed in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and WAT. Glut1 and Glut3 are the predominant isof ...
... three distinct groups, class I, II and III. The high affinity class I transporters Glut1, Glut3 and Glut4 are widely and abundantly expressed in the body, although Glut4 is preferentially expressed in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and WAT. Glut1 and Glut3 are the predominant isof ...
Regulatory T-lymphocytes in asthma REVIEW A.J.M. van Oosterhout* and N. Bloksma
... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
Ly6Chi Monocytes in the Inflamed Colon Give Rise
... Macrophages are the most abundant mononuclear phagocytes in the steady-state lamina propria of the colon (Figure 1A), characterized by surface expression of the integrins CD11c and CD11b as well as the F4/80 antigen. Intestinal macrophages also express high levels of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, r ...
... Macrophages are the most abundant mononuclear phagocytes in the steady-state lamina propria of the colon (Figure 1A), characterized by surface expression of the integrins CD11c and CD11b as well as the F4/80 antigen. Intestinal macrophages also express high levels of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, r ...
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
... have a unique phenotype—these cells are terminally differentiated effector T cells that have pathways of stimulation that are different from peripheral blood T cells. For example, it appears that lpls proliferate at relatively low levels in response to antigen or other T-cell antigen receptor (TcR)– ...
... have a unique phenotype—these cells are terminally differentiated effector T cells that have pathways of stimulation that are different from peripheral blood T cells. For example, it appears that lpls proliferate at relatively low levels in response to antigen or other T-cell antigen receptor (TcR)– ...
Basic Components: Structure and Function
... and cellular responses. Humoral responses result in the generation of antibody reactive with a particular antigen. Antibodies are proteins with similar structures, known collectively as immunoglobulins (Ig). They can be transferred passively to another individual by injection of serum. In contrast, ...
... and cellular responses. Humoral responses result in the generation of antibody reactive with a particular antigen. Antibodies are proteins with similar structures, known collectively as immunoglobulins (Ig). They can be transferred passively to another individual by injection of serum. In contrast, ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.