Understanding Acid Lability of Cysteine Protecting Groups
... Abstract: Cys-disulfide bonds contribute to the stabilization of peptide and protein structures. The synthesis of these molecules requires a proper protection of Cys residues, which is crucial to prevent side-reactions and also to achieve the correct Cys connectivity. Here we undertook a mechanistic ...
... Abstract: Cys-disulfide bonds contribute to the stabilization of peptide and protein structures. The synthesis of these molecules requires a proper protection of Cys residues, which is crucial to prevent side-reactions and also to achieve the correct Cys connectivity. Here we undertook a mechanistic ...
Database Searching
... encountered in protein structures that share similar folds but have no demonstrable sequence similarity; or that share groups of catalytic residues with almost exactly equivalent spatial geometries, but otherwise have neither sequence nor structural similarity. Such relationships are thought to resu ...
... encountered in protein structures that share similar folds but have no demonstrable sequence similarity; or that share groups of catalytic residues with almost exactly equivalent spatial geometries, but otherwise have neither sequence nor structural similarity. Such relationships are thought to resu ...
Prying Into Prions - Colorado Parks and Wildlife
... particle.” The prion protein exists in two forms. The normal form is found in many types of cells, including those in the central nervous system. The pathological prion form has the same chemical composition, but a different shape. This abnormally shaped prion protein damages the brain tissue and co ...
... particle.” The prion protein exists in two forms. The normal form is found in many types of cells, including those in the central nervous system. The pathological prion form has the same chemical composition, but a different shape. This abnormally shaped prion protein damages the brain tissue and co ...
The Pseudomonas syringae HrpJ protein controls the secretion of
... fractions. Interestingly, the two additional putative translocator proteins, the HopAK1 harpin and HrpK1, were not detectable in the supernatant fraction of the mutant indicating that HrpJ is required for their secretion (Fig. 1B). The HopP1 harpin was secreted by the hrpJ mutant (Fig. 1B) indicatin ...
... fractions. Interestingly, the two additional putative translocator proteins, the HopAK1 harpin and HrpK1, were not detectable in the supernatant fraction of the mutant indicating that HrpJ is required for their secretion (Fig. 1B). The HopP1 harpin was secreted by the hrpJ mutant (Fig. 1B) indicatin ...
Fatty acid composition of some common oils and fats from plant
... Fatty acids: Common long-chain carboxylic acids are shown in table 3.1 Some key points about fatty acid structure & properties: 1) The number of C in the chain is always even Biosynthesis by the acetate pathway involves condensation of decarboxylated malonyl esters contributing 2C each 2) Saturated ...
... Fatty acids: Common long-chain carboxylic acids are shown in table 3.1 Some key points about fatty acid structure & properties: 1) The number of C in the chain is always even Biosynthesis by the acetate pathway involves condensation of decarboxylated malonyl esters contributing 2C each 2) Saturated ...
Altering substrate specificity of catechol 2,3
... more efficiently than substituted catechols as they are rather unstable and become inactivated during the catalysis of methyl- or chloro-derivatives (Okuta et al., 2004). ...
... more efficiently than substituted catechols as they are rather unstable and become inactivated during the catalysis of methyl- or chloro-derivatives (Okuta et al., 2004). ...
Structural Features of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Catalytic Sites
... protein ligands are found in the first three-, four- or fiveresidue binding motif, while the third is found in a second characteristic motif. These residue-ligands are generally separated either by short amino acid “spacers” among the first, second and third ligands, or by a short spacer between the ...
... protein ligands are found in the first three-, four- or fiveresidue binding motif, while the third is found in a second characteristic motif. These residue-ligands are generally separated either by short amino acid “spacers” among the first, second and third ligands, or by a short spacer between the ...
pdf-1 - The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology
... IgG, a monomer, is the predominant Ig class present in human serum. Produced as part of the secondary immune response to an antigen, this class of immunoglobulin constitutes approximately 75% of total serum Ig. IgG is the only class of Ig that can cross the placenta in humans, and it is largely resp ...
... IgG, a monomer, is the predominant Ig class present in human serum. Produced as part of the secondary immune response to an antigen, this class of immunoglobulin constitutes approximately 75% of total serum Ig. IgG is the only class of Ig that can cross the placenta in humans, and it is largely resp ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... thioester reductase (MECR/ETR1), the human functional counterpart of yeast Etr1p. In addition, MECR was also isolated from bovine heart. It turns out that mammals contain a mitochondrial FAS II pathway, in addition to cytoplasmic FAS I. To investigate the functional mechanism of MECR/ETR1 at the mol ...
... thioester reductase (MECR/ETR1), the human functional counterpart of yeast Etr1p. In addition, MECR was also isolated from bovine heart. It turns out that mammals contain a mitochondrial FAS II pathway, in addition to cytoplasmic FAS I. To investigate the functional mechanism of MECR/ETR1 at the mol ...
Slide 1
... Working muscles break down most of their glucose molecules anaerobically to pyruvate. If the cells lack sufficient mitochondria or in the absence of sufficient oxygen, pyruvate can accept the hydrogens from glucose breakdown and become lactate. This conversion frees the coenzymes so that glycolysis ...
... Working muscles break down most of their glucose molecules anaerobically to pyruvate. If the cells lack sufficient mitochondria or in the absence of sufficient oxygen, pyruvate can accept the hydrogens from glucose breakdown and become lactate. This conversion frees the coenzymes so that glycolysis ...
NOTE Preliminary organic compound analysis of microparticles returned from
... from ~150 fmol/µg (-0049) to ~990 fmol/ µg (-0049), indicating ~11 to ~73 ppm for these two particles, respectively. The Gly of ~ppm level is anomalously high for the particles consisting of Mg-silicate, as lunar soils contain Gly only in ppb level (Harada et al., 1971; Brinton and Bada, 1996). Ther ...
... from ~150 fmol/µg (-0049) to ~990 fmol/ µg (-0049), indicating ~11 to ~73 ppm for these two particles, respectively. The Gly of ~ppm level is anomalously high for the particles consisting of Mg-silicate, as lunar soils contain Gly only in ppb level (Harada et al., 1971; Brinton and Bada, 1996). Ther ...
Biotechnology and bioengineering
... 688C for 10 min. The complete internal fragment was used for gene-specific primers (GSPs) design to clone the fulllength cDNA of the PiAHAS gene, employing the 30 and 50 rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) method, using a BD smart RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (BD Biosciences, Clontech, Palo Alto ...
... 688C for 10 min. The complete internal fragment was used for gene-specific primers (GSPs) design to clone the fulllength cDNA of the PiAHAS gene, employing the 30 and 50 rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE) method, using a BD smart RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (BD Biosciences, Clontech, Palo Alto ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry
... The results with adenosine have been somewhat variable, in that sometimes it is found to be completely effective whereas at other times only partially so. This may be due to the very low solubility of adenosine in water. Other derivatives of guanine, for example, guanylic acid or GDP, are ineffectiv ...
... The results with adenosine have been somewhat variable, in that sometimes it is found to be completely effective whereas at other times only partially so. This may be due to the very low solubility of adenosine in water. Other derivatives of guanine, for example, guanylic acid or GDP, are ineffectiv ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... Generation of precursors for biosynthesis: fatty acids amino acids ribosis-5-P ...
... Generation of precursors for biosynthesis: fatty acids amino acids ribosis-5-P ...
access full article - Caister Academic Press
... actinomycetale family since they are prolific producers of secondary metabolites. Molecular genetic analyses of these organisms have revealed that the genes encoding their secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways are clustered and range in size from five to greater than 100 kilobases (Malpartida a ...
... actinomycetale family since they are prolific producers of secondary metabolites. Molecular genetic analyses of these organisms have revealed that the genes encoding their secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways are clustered and range in size from five to greater than 100 kilobases (Malpartida a ...
Methods of industrial production 1
... that are formed from the common precursor tripeptide isopenicillin N. • The β-lactam structure is formed by ring-closure reactions between Cys and Val,where (S)-Val is isomerized to ( R )-Val. • The β-lactam precursors of all penicillins and cephalosporins are produced by fermentation in fermentors ...
... that are formed from the common precursor tripeptide isopenicillin N. • The β-lactam structure is formed by ring-closure reactions between Cys and Val,where (S)-Val is isomerized to ( R )-Val. • The β-lactam precursors of all penicillins and cephalosporins are produced by fermentation in fermentors ...
Polyamines
... comparison to a drought susceptible wheat cultivar. These wheat cultivars also differ for oxidant stress resistance as assayed by resistance to paraquat (Ye et al, 1997). Constitutively elevated levels of Arg decarboxylase and Orn decarboxylase are correlated with paraquat resistance in Conzya bonar ...
... comparison to a drought susceptible wheat cultivar. These wheat cultivars also differ for oxidant stress resistance as assayed by resistance to paraquat (Ye et al, 1997). Constitutively elevated levels of Arg decarboxylase and Orn decarboxylase are correlated with paraquat resistance in Conzya bonar ...
Separate Domains of the Insulin Receptor Contain
... partial proteolytic digestion to define domains in the 6-subunit that undergo autophosphorylation and contain the tyrosine kinase activity. Wheat germ agglutinin purified insulin receptor from Fao cells was digested briefly at 22 OC with low concentrations (5-10 pg/mL, pH 7.4) of trypsin, staphyloco ...
... partial proteolytic digestion to define domains in the 6-subunit that undergo autophosphorylation and contain the tyrosine kinase activity. Wheat germ agglutinin purified insulin receptor from Fao cells was digested briefly at 22 OC with low concentrations (5-10 pg/mL, pH 7.4) of trypsin, staphyloco ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.