Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cab ...
... neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cab ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As yet, there are no in vivo data on tissue water changes and associated morphometric changes involved in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial mea ...
... BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As yet, there are no in vivo data on tissue water changes and associated morphometric changes involved in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial mea ...
Chapter 103: Application Of Imaging Technologies In The
... The efficacy of the drug of abuse at the molecular target is illustrated with studies done to investigate the levels of DAT blockade achieved by reinforcing doses of cocaine. With PET and appropriate radiotracers, it is possible to measure the levels of DAT occupancy achieved by drugs that block DAT ...
... The efficacy of the drug of abuse at the molecular target is illustrated with studies done to investigate the levels of DAT blockade achieved by reinforcing doses of cocaine. With PET and appropriate radiotracers, it is possible to measure the levels of DAT occupancy achieved by drugs that block DAT ...
Diversity in the Brain Sizes of Newborn Mammals
... sizes is found in differentspecies belongingto that subclassof animalsto which humans also belong, the placental mammals.At the small end of the spectrumlie a numberof rodent species, includingthe rats and mice, whose brainsweigh only a fractionof a gram at birth. Newborn African ...
... sizes is found in differentspecies belongingto that subclassof animalsto which humans also belong, the placental mammals.At the small end of the spectrumlie a numberof rodent species, includingthe rats and mice, whose brainsweigh only a fractionof a gram at birth. Newborn African ...
Sherman_PPT_Chapter2
... The Nervous System • The sympathetic nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress or danger. • The parasympathetic nervous system slows the processes that have been accelerated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. • These effects return the body to a more normal or balanced stat ...
... The Nervous System • The sympathetic nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress or danger. • The parasympathetic nervous system slows the processes that have been accelerated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. • These effects return the body to a more normal or balanced stat ...
Chapter 3
... We seldom have trouble accepting the idea that heredity is responsible for outward family resemblances, such as the shape of the nose and face, height, and the color of hair and skin. But when it comes to behavior, many of us are uncomfortable with the idea that heredity might determine what we thin ...
... We seldom have trouble accepting the idea that heredity is responsible for outward family resemblances, such as the shape of the nose and face, height, and the color of hair and skin. But when it comes to behavior, many of us are uncomfortable with the idea that heredity might determine what we thin ...
3-SISTEMA NERVIOSO.indd
... Antihistamines have been classified as first or second generation drugs, according to their pharmacokinetic properties, structural characteristics and adverse effects. The effects exerted by these substances upon the central nervous system (CNS) are fundamentally determined by their capacity to cros ...
... Antihistamines have been classified as first or second generation drugs, according to their pharmacokinetic properties, structural characteristics and adverse effects. The effects exerted by these substances upon the central nervous system (CNS) are fundamentally determined by their capacity to cros ...
P-Glycoprotein in the Blood-Brain Barrier of Mice Influences the
... tightly joined endothelial cells in the brain. Recently, quite effective inhibitors of P-GP such as PSC 833 have been described (15), and these so-called reversal agents are currently administered to patients in clinical trials to reverse the chemotherapy resistance of P-GP–expressing tumors (see re ...
... tightly joined endothelial cells in the brain. Recently, quite effective inhibitors of P-GP such as PSC 833 have been described (15), and these so-called reversal agents are currently administered to patients in clinical trials to reverse the chemotherapy resistance of P-GP–expressing tumors (see re ...
Bird Brain: Evolution
... domains differs to a greater degree. The nuclear type of organization of the pallium found in birds is also present in reptiles. The avian hyperpallium possesses a unique organization so far found only in birds; it consists of semilayered subdivisions, and it might have evolved more recently than th ...
... domains differs to a greater degree. The nuclear type of organization of the pallium found in birds is also present in reptiles. The avian hyperpallium possesses a unique organization so far found only in birds; it consists of semilayered subdivisions, and it might have evolved more recently than th ...
Regents Biology - I Love Science
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
... postmortem inactivation, while others that were analyzed showed both brain region- and sex-dependent changes. Levels of 3-NT were overall increased, T3 was decreased in the cortical regions of ASD brains, while mercury levels measured only in the extracortical regions were not different. The express ...
... postmortem inactivation, while others that were analyzed showed both brain region- and sex-dependent changes. Levels of 3-NT were overall increased, T3 was decreased in the cortical regions of ASD brains, while mercury levels measured only in the extracortical regions were not different. The express ...
Facts on Drugs: Teen Guide to Making Smart Decisions
... Time Required: 20 minutes, with additional time for students to complete Student Worksheet. Key Concepts: The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. To send a message, a brain cell releases a chemical (neurotransmitter) into the space separating two cells called the synapse. The neurotra ...
... Time Required: 20 minutes, with additional time for students to complete Student Worksheet. Key Concepts: The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. To send a message, a brain cell releases a chemical (neurotransmitter) into the space separating two cells called the synapse. The neurotra ...
Thinking About Thinking
... produced by dynamical interaction between body, brain, and environmental stimuli (I would include brain-generated thought that acts like “stimuli”). Rather than brain being a passive receptacle for receipt of information in the world, brain dynamics support purposive action in which the brain direct ...
... produced by dynamical interaction between body, brain, and environmental stimuli (I would include brain-generated thought that acts like “stimuli”). Rather than brain being a passive receptacle for receipt of information in the world, brain dynamics support purposive action in which the brain direct ...
Evolution of Vertebrate Brains - CIHR Group in Sensory
... The brains of living vertebrates are a reflection of the very diverse niches occupied by the different species that comprise each major taxon (Figure 1) – agnathans (jawless vertebrates) and three radiations of jawed vertebrates: (1) the cartilaginous fishes (chimaeras and sharks, skates, and rays), ...
... The brains of living vertebrates are a reflection of the very diverse niches occupied by the different species that comprise each major taxon (Figure 1) – agnathans (jawless vertebrates) and three radiations of jawed vertebrates: (1) the cartilaginous fishes (chimaeras and sharks, skates, and rays), ...
The Influence of Chronic Exposure to
... across studies provides compelling evidence that antipsychotics do or do not account for the finding of interest. The third arm of this triad is particularly important because it is the only approach that permits fully controlled experimental conditions. In this regard, the non-human primate model m ...
... across studies provides compelling evidence that antipsychotics do or do not account for the finding of interest. The third arm of this triad is particularly important because it is the only approach that permits fully controlled experimental conditions. In this regard, the non-human primate model m ...
neurotransmitters 101
... The brain’s 100 billion neurons connect the various organs and brain regions into a complex network of circuits that control specific functions within the body. Simply speaking, these circuits serve as on/off switches for the millions of messages and processes carried out on a daily basis. For examp ...
... The brain’s 100 billion neurons connect the various organs and brain regions into a complex network of circuits that control specific functions within the body. Simply speaking, these circuits serve as on/off switches for the millions of messages and processes carried out on a daily basis. For examp ...
Studying the topological organization of the cerebral blood flow
... (rPCA) methodology. rPCA method groups brain regions into a few latent components. In particular, the brain regions within each component are believed to have strong connectivity, while the connectivity between components is weak. The ASL technique has been utilized to measure dynamic, spontaneous C ...
... (rPCA) methodology. rPCA method groups brain regions into a few latent components. In particular, the brain regions within each component are believed to have strong connectivity, while the connectivity between components is weak. The ASL technique has been utilized to measure dynamic, spontaneous C ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... primate or cetacean (Marino, 1998). The position of the human species as an outlier in the body × brain comparison is made clear if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. T ...
... primate or cetacean (Marino, 1998). The position of the human species as an outlier in the body × brain comparison is made clear if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. T ...
Rolipram
... activated by phosphorylation with protein kinase A (Conti et al 1995), and a study using recombinant DNAs has indicated that phosphorylation of PDE4 affects binding affinity of rolipram (Hoffmann et al 1998). Therefore, in addition to measuring binding density and affinity, (R)[11C]rolipram PET imag ...
... activated by phosphorylation with protein kinase A (Conti et al 1995), and a study using recombinant DNAs has indicated that phosphorylation of PDE4 affects binding affinity of rolipram (Hoffmann et al 1998). Therefore, in addition to measuring binding density and affinity, (R)[11C]rolipram PET imag ...
Marijuana - City of Green River
... Marijuana, a plant from the cannabis family, is illegal and highly psychoactive. Marijuana and its associated compounds can seriously affect the human body. The acute cannabis drug influence, accelerates (speeds up) certain body functions. This class of drugs causes an “artificial” state of stimulat ...
... Marijuana, a plant from the cannabis family, is illegal and highly psychoactive. Marijuana and its associated compounds can seriously affect the human body. The acute cannabis drug influence, accelerates (speeds up) certain body functions. This class of drugs causes an “artificial” state of stimulat ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... SC-FC correlations across the cerebral cortex. For example, Koch and others (2002) compared white matter SC with R-fMRI FC within a single axial slice of the human brain and reported that the regions that are linked by dense SC tend to also be strongly connected functionally. These authors also show ...
... SC-FC correlations across the cerebral cortex. For example, Koch and others (2002) compared white matter SC with R-fMRI FC within a single axial slice of the human brain and reported that the regions that are linked by dense SC tend to also be strongly connected functionally. These authors also show ...
Role of neurons and glia in the CNS actions of the renin
... Importantly these highly specific and sensitive in situ hybridization and genetic techniques for the localization of ANG II receptors have not yet been extended to models of cardiovascular pathophysiology, in which it is possible that AT1R and/or AT2R may become expressed on the non-neuronal cell ty ...
... Importantly these highly specific and sensitive in situ hybridization and genetic techniques for the localization of ANG II receptors have not yet been extended to models of cardiovascular pathophysiology, in which it is possible that AT1R and/or AT2R may become expressed on the non-neuronal cell ty ...
The Revolutionary Search for Alarin
... Rats injected with alarin display tranquil behavior Rats injected with alarin were found laying down more often than normal ...
... Rats injected with alarin display tranquil behavior Rats injected with alarin were found laying down more often than normal ...
The Biological Perspective
... muscles resulting in problems with balance, and they may even become paralyzed. The disease called multiple sclerosis (MS) damages the myelin sheaths (Allen, 1991). In MS, the person’s own immune system begins to attack the myelin sheaths and thus disrupts the timing and accuracy of brain messages. ...
... muscles resulting in problems with balance, and they may even become paralyzed. The disease called multiple sclerosis (MS) damages the myelin sheaths (Allen, 1991). In MS, the person’s own immune system begins to attack the myelin sheaths and thus disrupts the timing and accuracy of brain messages. ...
Structure and function of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) brains
... the calyx and the mushroom body lobes. In ants and other holometabolous insects, the subesophageal ganglion (Fig. 2a) is fused to the brain posteriorly. This ganglion is organized like a "typical" insect ganglion (e.g., thoracic ganglia) and is thus less complex than the brain proper and differs lit ...
... the calyx and the mushroom body lobes. In ants and other holometabolous insects, the subesophageal ganglion (Fig. 2a) is fused to the brain posteriorly. This ganglion is organized like a "typical" insect ganglion (e.g., thoracic ganglia) and is thus less complex than the brain proper and differs lit ...
Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid (BECF) in the central nervous system (CNS). The blood–brain barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, which are connected by tight junctions with an extremely high electrical resistivity of at least 0.1 Ω⋅m. The blood–brain barrier allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion, as well as the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial to neural function. On the other hand, the blood–brain barrier may prevent the entry of lipophilic, potential neurotoxins by way of an active transport mechanism mediated by P-glycoprotein. Astrocytes are necessary to create the blood–brain barrier. A small number of regions in the brain, including the circumventricular organs (CVOs), do not have a blood–brain barrier.The blood–brain barrier occurs along all capillaries and consists of tight junctions around the capillaries that do not exist in normal circulation. Endothelial cells restrict the diffusion of microscopic objects (e.g., bacteria) and large or hydrophilic molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while allowing the diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules (O2, CO2, hormones). Cells of the barrier actively transport metabolic products such as glucose across the barrier with specific proteins. This barrier also includes a thick basement membrane and astrocytic endfeet.