Disproportion of cerebral surface areas and volumes in
... and regional distributions of GMV and SMV in these reconstructions were also assessed (see Sisodiya et al., 1995). In essence, the method quantifies the amount of cortical grey matter or subcortical matter within prescribed proportions (blocks each extending one-tenth of the anterior–posterior axis) ...
... and regional distributions of GMV and SMV in these reconstructions were also assessed (see Sisodiya et al., 1995). In essence, the method quantifies the amount of cortical grey matter or subcortical matter within prescribed proportions (blocks each extending one-tenth of the anterior–posterior axis) ...
Vascular Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity
... aorta segment were ligated, and the aorta was incubated for 20 min at 37°C with shaking. After the incubation, the collagenase solution was collected, and the lumen was rinsed three times with the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 4°C. All the solutions were pooled and centrifuged at 600g for 10 mi ...
... aorta segment were ligated, and the aorta was incubated for 20 min at 37°C with shaking. After the incubation, the collagenase solution was collected, and the lumen was rinsed three times with the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 4°C. All the solutions were pooled and centrifuged at 600g for 10 mi ...
Module 4 SG - HallquistCPHS.com
... (positively /negatively) charged ions, while the fluid outside has mostly _ (positively /negatively) charged ions. This polarization, called the _ , occurs because the cell membrane is ~~~~~~~ ...
... (positively /negatively) charged ions, while the fluid outside has mostly _ (positively /negatively) charged ions. This polarization, called the _ , occurs because the cell membrane is ~~~~~~~ ...
Embodied cognitive evolution and the cerebellum
... The brain structure most often identified with ‘higher’ cognitive functions is the neocortex [39], having been described, for example, as ‘the crowning achievement of evolution and the biological substrate of human mental prowess’ [40]. The assumption that the neocortex is the place to look for evid ...
... The brain structure most often identified with ‘higher’ cognitive functions is the neocortex [39], having been described, for example, as ‘the crowning achievement of evolution and the biological substrate of human mental prowess’ [40]. The assumption that the neocortex is the place to look for evid ...
Neurobehavioral evidence for individual differences in
... In simplest terms, a typical fMRI analysis compares relative blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal (associated with neural activation; Logothetis et al. 2001) across different brain regions during different conditions. Regions showing the greatest change in activation levels can be identified s ...
... In simplest terms, a typical fMRI analysis compares relative blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal (associated with neural activation; Logothetis et al. 2001) across different brain regions during different conditions. Regions showing the greatest change in activation levels can be identified s ...
MUSCLE Three types of muscles based on morphological and
... Events between nerve action potential and contraction and relaxation of a muscle fiber The action potential in the axon causes the release of the neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine from the axons. Once released, acetylcholine binds to the receptor sites on the motor end plate. Acetylcholine in ...
... Events between nerve action potential and contraction and relaxation of a muscle fiber The action potential in the axon causes the release of the neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine from the axons. Once released, acetylcholine binds to the receptor sites on the motor end plate. Acetylcholine in ...
Volume and Number of Neurons of the Human
... areas (both were superimposed on the screen picture) and for the control of the x and y movement of the microscopic stage through two Multicontrol 2000 programmable stepping motors, the GRID v2.0 software (Interactivision ApS, Silkeborg) was used. Measurement of the vertical movement of the stage (i ...
... areas (both were superimposed on the screen picture) and for the control of the x and y movement of the microscopic stage through two Multicontrol 2000 programmable stepping motors, the GRID v2.0 software (Interactivision ApS, Silkeborg) was used. Measurement of the vertical movement of the stage (i ...
Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain
... ∼5. Regardless of the slope estimate used, however, humans consistently have the highest values among mammals. Figure 1 shows brain/body-size relationships for a sample of 52 primate species and illustrates different scaling estimates for separate primate subtaxa. Primates as a group tend to have la ...
... ∼5. Regardless of the slope estimate used, however, humans consistently have the highest values among mammals. Figure 1 shows brain/body-size relationships for a sample of 52 primate species and illustrates different scaling estimates for separate primate subtaxa. Primates as a group tend to have la ...
Way SW, McKenna J 3rd, Mietzsch U, Reith RM, Wu HC, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009 Apr 1; 18(7):1252-65.
... also demonstrated defects in organization. There were lamination defects throughout the pyramidal layer, most severe in regions CA1 and CA3 (Fig. 3B), with many ectopic, enlarged neurons in the stratum oriens (SO) (Fig. 3F and G). These defects were in stark contrast to the tight, ordered pyramidal ...
... also demonstrated defects in organization. There were lamination defects throughout the pyramidal layer, most severe in regions CA1 and CA3 (Fig. 3B), with many ectopic, enlarged neurons in the stratum oriens (SO) (Fig. 3F and G). These defects were in stark contrast to the tight, ordered pyramidal ...
On the Physical Equilibrium of Small Blood Vessels
... tissue in the wall of blood vesselsthat has been hitherto unrecognized. In addition to its function in maintenance of a steady tension against the prevailing pressure that has been already discussed,elastic tissue is necessaryto make possiblea graded constriction or dilation under vasomotor tone. Wh ...
... tissue in the wall of blood vesselsthat has been hitherto unrecognized. In addition to its function in maintenance of a steady tension against the prevailing pressure that has been already discussed,elastic tissue is necessaryto make possiblea graded constriction or dilation under vasomotor tone. Wh ...
The epistemic value of brain-machine systems for the study of the
... According to the authors, the possibility to simultaneously extract several motor parameters from neural ensembles in various parts of the brain suggest that “motor programming and execution are represented in a highly distributed fashion across frontal and parietal areas and … each of these areas c ...
... According to the authors, the possibility to simultaneously extract several motor parameters from neural ensembles in various parts of the brain suggest that “motor programming and execution are represented in a highly distributed fashion across frontal and parietal areas and … each of these areas c ...
Nicotine toxicity
... Many of the effects of nicotine result from its effects on the neuromucular system which is made up of the brain and muscle. In order to understand the physiological response to nicotine, I would like to review with you some of the physiology of the neuromuscuar system. The neuromuscular system is c ...
... Many of the effects of nicotine result from its effects on the neuromucular system which is made up of the brain and muscle. In order to understand the physiological response to nicotine, I would like to review with you some of the physiology of the neuromuscuar system. The neuromuscular system is c ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... with a marked anterior shift in the topography of both components that is apparent across a range of different tasks (Fabiani et al., 1998; Friedman, 2003; Richardson et al., 2011; West et al., 2010). This increasingly frontal orientation appears to mirror 1 of the most consistently observed phenome ...
... with a marked anterior shift in the topography of both components that is apparent across a range of different tasks (Fabiani et al., 1998; Friedman, 2003; Richardson et al., 2011; West et al., 2010). This increasingly frontal orientation appears to mirror 1 of the most consistently observed phenome ...
The Brain and Nervous Systems
... System (5 of 6) • The brain is awash in thousands of other chemicals. • These chemicals affect how neurons and neurotransmitters function. • Because these chemicals modulate (vary the strength of) neural functions, they are called neuromodulators. ...
... System (5 of 6) • The brain is awash in thousands of other chemicals. • These chemicals affect how neurons and neurotransmitters function. • Because these chemicals modulate (vary the strength of) neural functions, they are called neuromodulators. ...
Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Auditory Image
... the impression that an instrument or group of instruments is performing the imagined piece of music, and the image has a strong sensory quality to it. To the extent that this ‘non-expectant’ imagery depends on retrieving information from long term memory stores, it may rely heavily on areas of prefr ...
... the impression that an instrument or group of instruments is performing the imagined piece of music, and the image has a strong sensory quality to it. To the extent that this ‘non-expectant’ imagery depends on retrieving information from long term memory stores, it may rely heavily on areas of prefr ...
Ramayya, A. G., Zaghloul, K. A., Weidemann, C. T., Baltuch, G. H.
... neuronal populations (also, see Menke et al., 2010). Instead, nonhuman primate electrophysiology studies usually identify putative DA and GABA units based on the properties of extracellular spike waveforms recorded on the microelectrode (Fiorillo et al., 2013). Previous studies which have combined e ...
... neuronal populations (also, see Menke et al., 2010). Instead, nonhuman primate electrophysiology studies usually identify putative DA and GABA units based on the properties of extracellular spike waveforms recorded on the microelectrode (Fiorillo et al., 2013). Previous studies which have combined e ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... the radiations continue to be prominent. These fascicles presumably contain corticofugal fibers as well as the corticopetal (thalamocortical) fibers of the optic radiations emanating from the lateral geniculate nucleus. At 36 weeks and later, following deep sulcation of the developing cortex with gy ...
... the radiations continue to be prominent. These fascicles presumably contain corticofugal fibers as well as the corticopetal (thalamocortical) fibers of the optic radiations emanating from the lateral geniculate nucleus. At 36 weeks and later, following deep sulcation of the developing cortex with gy ...
Neural Correlates of Human Virtue Judgment
... people who are cooperating with others. Haidt (2003a, 2003b) started to call an emotion elicited by others’ act of virtue or moral beauty as ‘‘elevation.’’ When people observe others’ virtuous, commendable acts, they feel warm, pleasant, and ‘‘tingling’’ feelings and are motivated to help others and ...
... people who are cooperating with others. Haidt (2003a, 2003b) started to call an emotion elicited by others’ act of virtue or moral beauty as ‘‘elevation.’’ When people observe others’ virtuous, commendable acts, they feel warm, pleasant, and ‘‘tingling’’ feelings and are motivated to help others and ...
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
... synthesis of new molecules; 10A describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals; 10C analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each ot ...
... synthesis of new molecules; 10A describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals; 10C analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each ot ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... midbrain, limbic forebrain and cortex3–5. They occur via rapid changes in cardiac output and regional arteriolar resistance, and can be associated with substantial BP increases that are, in most instances, physiologically adaptive, thereby facilitating gas and nutrient exchange in metabolically acti ...
... midbrain, limbic forebrain and cortex3–5. They occur via rapid changes in cardiac output and regional arteriolar resistance, and can be associated with substantial BP increases that are, in most instances, physiologically adaptive, thereby facilitating gas and nutrient exchange in metabolically acti ...
Complexity in Neuronal Networks
... Complexity in Neuronal Networks Yves Frégnac*, Michelle Rudolph, Andrew P. Davison and Alain Destexhe ...
... Complexity in Neuronal Networks Yves Frégnac*, Michelle Rudolph, Andrew P. Davison and Alain Destexhe ...
Locus coeruleus - Rice CAAM Department
... is activated by stress, and will respond by increasing norepinephrine secretion, which in turn will alter cognitive function (through the prefrontal cortex), increase motivation (through nucleus accumbens), activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and increase the sympathetic discharge/inhi ...
... is activated by stress, and will respond by increasing norepinephrine secretion, which in turn will alter cognitive function (through the prefrontal cortex), increase motivation (through nucleus accumbens), activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and increase the sympathetic discharge/inhi ...
Gender Differences in Human Brain: A Review
... the corpus callosum in Korean people in their 20s and 40s. It was shown that Korean men have larger corpus callosum as compared to women. There was no significant difference in corpus callosum volume between 20s and 40s.There was a positive relationship between body weight and corpus callosum for 20 ...
... the corpus callosum in Korean people in their 20s and 40s. It was shown that Korean men have larger corpus callosum as compared to women. There was no significant difference in corpus callosum volume between 20s and 40s.There was a positive relationship between body weight and corpus callosum for 20 ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... More than 30 yr after the first description of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)' by Adams et al. (1), the pathogenesis of this disease is still not fully understood. CPM is characterized by a loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin with relatively wellpreserved neuronal cell bodies and axons in the ce ...
... More than 30 yr after the first description of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)' by Adams et al. (1), the pathogenesis of this disease is still not fully understood. CPM is characterized by a loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin with relatively wellpreserved neuronal cell bodies and axons in the ce ...
Mapping the Brain
... An animal’s behavior arises from the coordinated activity of many interconnected neurons—“many” meaning 302 for Caenorhabditis elegans, 20,000 for a mollusc, several hundred thousand for an insect or billions for humans. Determining the connectivity of these neurons, via combined anatomical and elec ...
... An animal’s behavior arises from the coordinated activity of many interconnected neurons—“many” meaning 302 for Caenorhabditis elegans, 20,000 for a mollusc, several hundred thousand for an insect or billions for humans. Determining the connectivity of these neurons, via combined anatomical and elec ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.