Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... dendrites fill up the space between the neurons and determine the network size. Axons and dendrites form three-dimensional meshes that make contact with each other in the neuropil. The total network volume (design III) is smaller than that of the axons-only network (design II). ...
... dendrites fill up the space between the neurons and determine the network size. Axons and dendrites form three-dimensional meshes that make contact with each other in the neuropil. The total network volume (design III) is smaller than that of the axons-only network (design II). ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
... et al. 1990), in which the effects of feeding to satiety were often of interest to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying appetite. Glucose was used in those studies because it is rapidly absorbed and can act as a satiety signal without further metabolism (Rolls 1999). The experimental protocol ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... than primates (Rensch and Altevogt, 1955). While the tip of the trunk is capable of fine manipulations, one cannot expect analogous vision-dependent behavioral performance in elephants as in chimpanzees with relatively complete binocular overlap and elaborate digital manipulation abilities. It is ack ...
... than primates (Rensch and Altevogt, 1955). While the tip of the trunk is capable of fine manipulations, one cannot expect analogous vision-dependent behavioral performance in elephants as in chimpanzees with relatively complete binocular overlap and elaborate digital manipulation abilities. It is ack ...
Physiology 27 [5-11
... o Assumes substance is freely filtered and not bound to plasma proteins Glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption are large (relative to urinary excretion) so small changes in either effect urine volume greatly o Glomerular filtration is not selective (all solutes except plasma proteins filtere ...
... o Assumes substance is freely filtered and not bound to plasma proteins Glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption are large (relative to urinary excretion) so small changes in either effect urine volume greatly o Glomerular filtration is not selective (all solutes except plasma proteins filtere ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... established reward timing, versus the acquisition of new reward timing intervals. Therefore, following 5–6 days of post-infusion recovery, single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the task with reversed parameters (i.e., cue 1 predicting a long delay and cue 2 predic ...
... established reward timing, versus the acquisition of new reward timing intervals. Therefore, following 5–6 days of post-infusion recovery, single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the task with reversed parameters (i.e., cue 1 predicting a long delay and cue 2 predic ...
Rapid Whole Brain Imaging Of Neural Activities In Freely
... zebrafish [12], it lacks the speed to follow rapid fish movement. Moreover, in LSM, the ...
... zebrafish [12], it lacks the speed to follow rapid fish movement. Moreover, in LSM, the ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... sensitive pathways, are processed in the thalamus and then conducted to specific brain regions. These pathways may comprise of different nerves (cranial, viscerosensitive and somatosensitive); neuronal pathways are not the only ones are activated by stressors. Especially chemical signals (such as hy ...
... sensitive pathways, are processed in the thalamus and then conducted to specific brain regions. These pathways may comprise of different nerves (cranial, viscerosensitive and somatosensitive); neuronal pathways are not the only ones are activated by stressors. Especially chemical signals (such as hy ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... with certain functions, they were not acting in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led r ...
... with certain functions, they were not acting in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led r ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... The vast majority of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are late onset with progressive synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Although the amyloid hypothesis has generated great insights into the disease mechanism, several lines of evidence indicate that other risk factors might precondition the brain to ...
... The vast majority of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases are late onset with progressive synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Although the amyloid hypothesis has generated great insights into the disease mechanism, several lines of evidence indicate that other risk factors might precondition the brain to ...
File
... low cardiac output, associated with compromised renal function as with cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. ...
... low cardiac output, associated with compromised renal function as with cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. ...
DOPAMINE
... low cardiac output, associated with compromised renal function as with cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. ...
... low cardiac output, associated with compromised renal function as with cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. ...
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... disorder. Early neuroimaging studies employed positron emission topography (PET) to examine metabolic changes (8), electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography to observe functional fluctuations in brain activity (9–11), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate structural alterations ...
... disorder. Early neuroimaging studies employed positron emission topography (PET) to examine metabolic changes (8), electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography to observe functional fluctuations in brain activity (9–11), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate structural alterations ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... must often precede functional allocation in the developing brain and explore some implications this has for essential structure-function relationships in cognitive neuroscience and elsewhere. Even a complete analysis of the adult brain, using the full array of current techniques in neuroscience, wil ...
... must often precede functional allocation in the developing brain and explore some implications this has for essential structure-function relationships in cognitive neuroscience and elsewhere. Even a complete analysis of the adult brain, using the full array of current techniques in neuroscience, wil ...
spinal cord - Zanichelli
... Neurons communicate with other neurons at synapses, regions of close proximity between an axon terminal and a dendrite. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse. ...
... Neurons communicate with other neurons at synapses, regions of close proximity between an axon terminal and a dendrite. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse. ...
Effect of sodium fluoride on the grey matter of spinal cord in the
... intake of this element is ordinary drinking water which contributes to more than 60% of the total fluoride intake.[1] Fluoride, in trace concentrations, is required to prevent dental caries, while the long term consumption of excess fluoride leads to a spectrum of toxic manifestations which are refe ...
... intake of this element is ordinary drinking water which contributes to more than 60% of the total fluoride intake.[1] Fluoride, in trace concentrations, is required to prevent dental caries, while the long term consumption of excess fluoride leads to a spectrum of toxic manifestations which are refe ...
Spinal Cord Motor Activity
... in amplitude. Depending on the MN, sufficient of these must be activated to cause a depolarization of 5-10 mV at the axon hillock and thereby evoke an AP. b. Temporal summation results from activity arriving at different latencies. Temporal summation is very dependent upon the passive membrane prope ...
... in amplitude. Depending on the MN, sufficient of these must be activated to cause a depolarization of 5-10 mV at the axon hillock and thereby evoke an AP. b. Temporal summation results from activity arriving at different latencies. Temporal summation is very dependent upon the passive membrane prope ...
final scientific program
... the development of brain-machine interfaces (BMI) to enhance the capabilities of patients with sensory and motor deficits. Knowledge of how neuronal ensembles encode sensory stimuli has made it possible to develop perceptual BMIs for the hearing and visually impaired. Likewise, research in how neuro ...
... the development of brain-machine interfaces (BMI) to enhance the capabilities of patients with sensory and motor deficits. Knowledge of how neuronal ensembles encode sensory stimuli has made it possible to develop perceptual BMIs for the hearing and visually impaired. Likewise, research in how neuro ...
Prevalent Presence of Periodic Actin-spectrin-based
... Golgi and Purkinje cells, which showed less regularity (Fig. 2H, I, K). This is probably due to a relatively slow development process for these cultured cerebellar neurons as evidenced by less elaborate dendrites observed for these neurons in vitro (29, 30). In addition, all of these specific neuron ...
... Golgi and Purkinje cells, which showed less regularity (Fig. 2H, I, K). This is probably due to a relatively slow development process for these cultured cerebellar neurons as evidenced by less elaborate dendrites observed for these neurons in vitro (29, 30). In addition, all of these specific neuron ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... attention deficit disorder, autism, and other cognitive and psychiatric disorders (e.g., [6–9]). NTs underlie an endogenous mechanism of CNS repair [31], and disregulation of NGF underlies chronic pain (e.g., in cancer) [32]. Drosophila is a very powerful model organism used to understand gene networ ...
... attention deficit disorder, autism, and other cognitive and psychiatric disorders (e.g., [6–9]). NTs underlie an endogenous mechanism of CNS repair [31], and disregulation of NGF underlies chronic pain (e.g., in cancer) [32]. Drosophila is a very powerful model organism used to understand gene networ ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... epigenetic environments of males and females during development and adulthood [1–6]. Hormones such as oestrogens and androgens exert their effects by binding to their respective membrane-bound and nuclear receptors [7 –8]. Nuclear oestrogen and androgen receptors (ARs) are transcription factors that ...
... epigenetic environments of males and females during development and adulthood [1–6]. Hormones such as oestrogens and androgens exert their effects by binding to their respective membrane-bound and nuclear receptors [7 –8]. Nuclear oestrogen and androgen receptors (ARs) are transcription factors that ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... (e.g., cortex and hippocampus); 2) describe the mechanisms that control the bioavailability of active estrogens within discrete regions of the brain, in particular focusing on the ability to synthesize estradiol in nervous tissue; 3) examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on p ...
... (e.g., cortex and hippocampus); 2) describe the mechanisms that control the bioavailability of active estrogens within discrete regions of the brain, in particular focusing on the ability to synthesize estradiol in nervous tissue; 3) examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on p ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... adults (Koc et al. 1998). This study is the first step in identifying the oligosynaptic pathway involved in this response. Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative syst ...
... adults (Koc et al. 1998). This study is the first step in identifying the oligosynaptic pathway involved in this response. Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative syst ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... 1. There are at least three major transmembrane sources of calcium influx: (1) voltage-gated calcium channels, of which there are at least four classes; (2) the NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from rele ...
... 1. There are at least three major transmembrane sources of calcium influx: (1) voltage-gated calcium channels, of which there are at least four classes; (2) the NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from rele ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.