Whole-Brain Serial-Section Electron Microscopy In Larval Zebrafish
... vertebrates to neuron fragments, thereby hindering investigations of complete circuits. These efforts were transformed by recent advances in computing, sample handling, and imaging techniques1, but examining entire brains at high resolution remains a challenge. Here we present ssEM data for a comple ...
... vertebrates to neuron fragments, thereby hindering investigations of complete circuits. These efforts were transformed by recent advances in computing, sample handling, and imaging techniques1, but examining entire brains at high resolution remains a challenge. Here we present ssEM data for a comple ...
Low Quality
... says. That’s not enough to make up for missing out on eating, mating or any of the other waking activities an animal does to survive. “It’s a few more nuts. It’s not worth it. You’d rather be awake avoiding predators,” he says. But sleep must provide some benefit that outweighs waking activities, Kr ...
... says. That’s not enough to make up for missing out on eating, mating or any of the other waking activities an animal does to survive. “It’s a few more nuts. It’s not worth it. You’d rather be awake avoiding predators,” he says. But sleep must provide some benefit that outweighs waking activities, Kr ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... compacta neurons but not in pars reticulata neurons at the chronic phase of striatal infarction. ? 1997 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Key words: middle cerebral artery occlusion, substantia nigra, electrical membrane property, synaptic ...
... compacta neurons but not in pars reticulata neurons at the chronic phase of striatal infarction. ? 1997 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Key words: middle cerebral artery occlusion, substantia nigra, electrical membrane property, synaptic ...
Novelty exploration training tasks - Repositório da Universidade de
... Physiologically, RVLM has a key role in peripheral sympathetic tone generation. Its neurons monosynaptically project to the sympathetic preganglionic ones in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, conditioning peripheral sympathetic tone to the heart and vessels. Other areas of the central ...
... Physiologically, RVLM has a key role in peripheral sympathetic tone generation. Its neurons monosynaptically project to the sympathetic preganglionic ones in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, conditioning peripheral sympathetic tone to the heart and vessels. Other areas of the central ...
Effect of Gayatri Mantra Meditation on Meditation Naive Subjects: an
... Since meditation has a relaxation component to it, it is believed to influence brain wave patterns. Electro Encephalogram is the recording of brain wave patterns. EEG meditation studies have found power increases in theta and alpha bands. Additional findings of increased power coherence and gamma ba ...
... Since meditation has a relaxation component to it, it is believed to influence brain wave patterns. Electro Encephalogram is the recording of brain wave patterns. EEG meditation studies have found power increases in theta and alpha bands. Additional findings of increased power coherence and gamma ba ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... from the same gene (see Table 1 and Discussion). Recently, a leucine-rich, GPI-linked cell surface protein (NgR) of 473 amino acids has been identified as a putative Nogo-66 receptor. This molecule binds Nogo-66 with high affinity and its expression has been shown to be sufficient to confer sensitiv ...
... from the same gene (see Table 1 and Discussion). Recently, a leucine-rich, GPI-linked cell surface protein (NgR) of 473 amino acids has been identified as a putative Nogo-66 receptor. This molecule binds Nogo-66 with high affinity and its expression has been shown to be sufficient to confer sensitiv ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... to vibration. Autocorrelation analysis showed that both in normal conditions and on exposure to vibration, the spike activity of fastigial nucleus neurons was dominated by cells with irregular, stationary spike activity. Vibration led to increases in the proportion of irregular neurons, evidently du ...
... to vibration. Autocorrelation analysis showed that both in normal conditions and on exposure to vibration, the spike activity of fastigial nucleus neurons was dominated by cells with irregular, stationary spike activity. Vibration led to increases in the proportion of irregular neurons, evidently du ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the central nervous system3–5,8 Thus, it is indispensable to ...
... because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the central nervous system3–5,8 Thus, it is indispensable to ...
Osteopathic Medicine The Spleen - Overzicht e-books
... The spleen is an organ that is all too often neglected in the clinic, most likely because conditions of the spleen do not tend to present a defined clinical picture. Furthermore, it has long been thought that the spleen, like the tonsils, is an organ that is superfluous in the adult. The spleen is a ...
... The spleen is an organ that is all too often neglected in the clinic, most likely because conditions of the spleen do not tend to present a defined clinical picture. Furthermore, it has long been thought that the spleen, like the tonsils, is an organ that is superfluous in the adult. The spleen is a ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... the circadian sleep rhythm and locomotor activity are severely disrupted following 5-HT depletion (arrowheads, TSOI, 20 units i.p.). MUA, hourly sleep time (minutes per hour), and locomotor activity were simultaneously recorded from the same rat. Note that the light:dark cycle was switched to consta ...
... the circadian sleep rhythm and locomotor activity are severely disrupted following 5-HT depletion (arrowheads, TSOI, 20 units i.p.). MUA, hourly sleep time (minutes per hour), and locomotor activity were simultaneously recorded from the same rat. Note that the light:dark cycle was switched to consta ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... density of cell bodies observed after counterstaining in macaques [13]. Many nigral neurons in rat have dendritic varicosities, which are not found on the thick dendritic trunks, but they are located slightly further from the cell body [23], and in the primates Schwyn and Fox [34] observed varicosit ...
... density of cell bodies observed after counterstaining in macaques [13]. Many nigral neurons in rat have dendritic varicosities, which are not found on the thick dendritic trunks, but they are located slightly further from the cell body [23], and in the primates Schwyn and Fox [34] observed varicosit ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... platelets of depressed patients13 has been reported with longterm treatment with antidepressants, thus suggesting that α2AR antagonists are good antidepressant agents. Long-term treatment with antidepressants has been found to reduce αadrenergic sensitivity, while enhancing responses to serotonergic ...
... platelets of depressed patients13 has been reported with longterm treatment with antidepressants, thus suggesting that α2AR antagonists are good antidepressant agents. Long-term treatment with antidepressants has been found to reduce αadrenergic sensitivity, while enhancing responses to serotonergic ...
Transgenic mice overexpressing the full
... This is in line with clinical investigations that have demonstrated abnormal noradrenergic (NA) system regulation in panic disorder patients and during panic attacks (Charney et al., 1990; Bremner et al., 1996a,b; Balaban, 2002). Elevated NA activity enhances anxiety-like behavioral responses and in ...
... This is in line with clinical investigations that have demonstrated abnormal noradrenergic (NA) system regulation in panic disorder patients and during panic attacks (Charney et al., 1990; Bremner et al., 1996a,b; Balaban, 2002). Elevated NA activity enhances anxiety-like behavioral responses and in ...
4-stretch reflex
... >>>>>hypotonic or flacidity -if increased by high gamma efferent discharge to muscle >>>>>>hypertonic , spastic muscle ...
... >>>>>hypotonic or flacidity -if increased by high gamma efferent discharge to muscle >>>>>>hypertonic , spastic muscle ...
PDF of this article
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
... mitochondrial complex I and to lead to the selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration that is also present in PD [1]. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell population, are of neuroectodermal origin, and are thought to be essential for brain homeostasis and neuronal function [2]. Evidence suggests t ...
... mitochondrial complex I and to lead to the selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration that is also present in PD [1]. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell population, are of neuroectodermal origin, and are thought to be essential for brain homeostasis and neuronal function [2]. Evidence suggests t ...
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... swing of Ppl without preceding inspiration (Fig. 3). The mean values of determined parameters from 66 ER on 11 animals (six strongest ER were evaluated in each animal) are presented in Table 1. Similarly as in coughing, kainic acid injections given to PRG prevented the appearance of any sign of ER ( ...
... swing of Ppl without preceding inspiration (Fig. 3). The mean values of determined parameters from 66 ER on 11 animals (six strongest ER were evaluated in each animal) are presented in Table 1. Similarly as in coughing, kainic acid injections given to PRG prevented the appearance of any sign of ER ( ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
Physiology Ch 19 p213-228 [4-25
... -if renal output curve shifts to new pressure level, arterial pressure will follow this pressure within a few days -if some abnormality causes change in level of salt/water intake, it will also change arterial pressure -if intake level increases 4-fold, equilibrium point shifts to a pressure of 160m ...
... -if renal output curve shifts to new pressure level, arterial pressure will follow this pressure within a few days -if some abnormality causes change in level of salt/water intake, it will also change arterial pressure -if intake level increases 4-fold, equilibrium point shifts to a pressure of 160m ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... in the case of glutamate, the site(s) of high-affinity uptake are not well established and there are contradictions in the literature between results obtained by different methods. Biochemical studies on compartmentation in the metabolism of glutamate and the related amino acids GABA, aspartate and ...
... in the case of glutamate, the site(s) of high-affinity uptake are not well established and there are contradictions in the literature between results obtained by different methods. Biochemical studies on compartmentation in the metabolism of glutamate and the related amino acids GABA, aspartate and ...
View/Open
... control signals from two major sources: (1) corticofugal fibers returning in a backward direction from the primary visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and (2) reticular areas of the mesencephalon. Both of these are inhibitory and, when stimulated, can turn off transmission through selec ...
... control signals from two major sources: (1) corticofugal fibers returning in a backward direction from the primary visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and (2) reticular areas of the mesencephalon. Both of these are inhibitory and, when stimulated, can turn off transmission through selec ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... NGF synthesis [5,40]. However, contrary to this hypothesis, the change of glucocorticoid concentration during stress experiments does not always correspond to the reduction of measured NGF concentrations. While the level of glucocorticoids in the bloodstream showed adaptation after chronic stress of ...
... NGF synthesis [5,40]. However, contrary to this hypothesis, the change of glucocorticoid concentration during stress experiments does not always correspond to the reduction of measured NGF concentrations. While the level of glucocorticoids in the bloodstream showed adaptation after chronic stress of ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... not only sensitive to the expected value of the reward relative to its prediction, but is also sensitive to the time of the predicted reward. A reward that is shifted backwards or forwards in time by 500 ms induces activation at its new time. Depression occurs at the original reward time if the rewa ...
... not only sensitive to the expected value of the reward relative to its prediction, but is also sensitive to the time of the predicted reward. A reward that is shifted backwards or forwards in time by 500 ms induces activation at its new time. Depression occurs at the original reward time if the rewa ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... question of how VOC controls cranial motoneuron pools involved in FM vocalizations was left open in that study. In the present study, we compared neuronal activities of vocalization-correlated neurons (VM neurons) from VOC with those of cranial motoneuron pools. We wanted to find out whether there a ...
... question of how VOC controls cranial motoneuron pools involved in FM vocalizations was left open in that study. In the present study, we compared neuronal activities of vocalization-correlated neurons (VM neurons) from VOC with those of cranial motoneuron pools. We wanted to find out whether there a ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.