Evolution of life histories: fixing the theory
... enormous cost of migration from deep ocean to upstream fresh water. Thus the curve rises very sharply at low reproductive effort. However, the additional cost to spawn more eggs is basically the metabolic cost of the egg tissue, that is much more modest and basically flat (i.e. each egg costs about ...
... enormous cost of migration from deep ocean to upstream fresh water. Thus the curve rises very sharply at low reproductive effort. However, the additional cost to spawn more eggs is basically the metabolic cost of the egg tissue, that is much more modest and basically flat (i.e. each egg costs about ...
Apparent competition and insect community structure: towards a
... species increases, with the interaction mediated by a numerical increase of a third species at a higher trophic level (Holt 1977). Short-term and long-term apparent competition can be distinguished by whether it involves an aggregative behavioural response or a reproductive numerical response of the ...
... species increases, with the interaction mediated by a numerical increase of a third species at a higher trophic level (Holt 1977). Short-term and long-term apparent competition can be distinguished by whether it involves an aggregative behavioural response or a reproductive numerical response of the ...
The role of habitat connectivity and landscape geometry in
... probability of emigrating to different, potentially unfavorable types of habitat patches. These migrants from nearby patches (sources) can inflate local diversity by arriving in environments at the margins of their environmental tolerances (sinks) (Loreau and Mouquet 1999, Amarasekare and Nisbet 200 ...
... probability of emigrating to different, potentially unfavorable types of habitat patches. These migrants from nearby patches (sources) can inflate local diversity by arriving in environments at the margins of their environmental tolerances (sinks) (Loreau and Mouquet 1999, Amarasekare and Nisbet 200 ...
Does functional redundancy exist?
... are equivalent competitors and coexistence obeys the neutral theory (Hubbell 2001). In this case, species have confounded isoclines in the Lotka-Volterra model, which leads to neutral stability and perfect functional redundancy. For this theory to apply to natural systems, species should experience ...
... are equivalent competitors and coexistence obeys the neutral theory (Hubbell 2001). In this case, species have confounded isoclines in the Lotka-Volterra model, which leads to neutral stability and perfect functional redundancy. For this theory to apply to natural systems, species should experience ...
Ch.14-Lesson-2-WSs-f..
... 1. factors that can limit the growth of a population 2. food, water, space, shelter 3. Possible answer: If there are not enough resources, some individuals cannot survive, which limits the population’s growth. 4. predation, competition, disease, availability of nesting sites, parasitism 5. competiti ...
... 1. factors that can limit the growth of a population 2. food, water, space, shelter 3. Possible answer: If there are not enough resources, some individuals cannot survive, which limits the population’s growth. 4. predation, competition, disease, availability of nesting sites, parasitism 5. competiti ...
Lecture 3
... Use of land acquisition programs (e.g. conservation easements, fee simple purchase, etc.) ...
... Use of land acquisition programs (e.g. conservation easements, fee simple purchase, etc.) ...
Resource Use Patterns Predict Long-Term Outcomes of
... Experiment description. Here, we report the results of an experiment that differs in three ways from that of Tilman and Wedin (1991). First, we used six native late-successional grasses that coexist across much of the North American prairie but that tend to reach peak dominance in different regions. ...
... Experiment description. Here, we report the results of an experiment that differs in three ways from that of Tilman and Wedin (1991). First, we used six native late-successional grasses that coexist across much of the North American prairie but that tend to reach peak dominance in different regions. ...
a landscape simulation model for understanding animal
... ecological structure (e.g., species, habitats) as classes of objects. A class is a general template of a particular component of a model, treated as an autonomic unit obtaining its own characteristics and functions (i.e., encapsulation). Object-oriented programming allows us to model natural systems ...
... ecological structure (e.g., species, habitats) as classes of objects. A class is a general template of a particular component of a model, treated as an autonomic unit obtaining its own characteristics and functions (i.e., encapsulation). Object-oriented programming allows us to model natural systems ...
Latitudinal Gradients in Species Diversity PDF file
... exclude the role of environment at the population level and in setting domain boundaries, and therefore cannot be considered null models (Hawkins and Diniz-Filho 2002; Hawkins et al. 2005; Zapata et. 2003, 2005). Mid-domain effects have proven controversial (e.g. Jetz and Rahbek 2001, Koleff and Ga ...
... exclude the role of environment at the population level and in setting domain boundaries, and therefore cannot be considered null models (Hawkins and Diniz-Filho 2002; Hawkins et al. 2005; Zapata et. 2003, 2005). Mid-domain effects have proven controversial (e.g. Jetz and Rahbek 2001, Koleff and Ga ...
ch 8.1 power point
... adults produced exactly two offspring, and each of those offspring survived to reproduce. • If the adults in a population are not replaced by new births, the growth rate will be negative and the population will shrink. ...
... adults produced exactly two offspring, and each of those offspring survived to reproduce. • If the adults in a population are not replaced by new births, the growth rate will be negative and the population will shrink. ...
Biotic modifiers, environmental modulation and species
... A definition and classification of biotic modifiers and environmental modulators All species modify the environment, but we are interested in those species (here called biotic modifiers) that have a sufficiently large impact on the environment to influence the local persistence of other species. Des ...
... A definition and classification of biotic modifiers and environmental modulators All species modify the environment, but we are interested in those species (here called biotic modifiers) that have a sufficiently large impact on the environment to influence the local persistence of other species. Des ...
The origin of troglobites
... munities (i.e. inhabiting caves and related sub-soil habitats—from now on referred to simply as 'caves') are exceptional in that producer niches are occupied by only a very few chemo-autotrophic bacteria which contribute little to the energetics of the community. The main energy source of the cave c ...
... munities (i.e. inhabiting caves and related sub-soil habitats—from now on referred to simply as 'caves') are exceptional in that producer niches are occupied by only a very few chemo-autotrophic bacteria which contribute little to the energetics of the community. The main energy source of the cave c ...
Population characteristics
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
8.1 Notes
... adults produced exactly two offspring, and each of those offspring survived to reproduce. • If the adults in a population are not replaced by new births, the growth rate will be negative and the population will shrink. ...
... adults produced exactly two offspring, and each of those offspring survived to reproduce. • If the adults in a population are not replaced by new births, the growth rate will be negative and the population will shrink. ...
Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning
... projected development conflict, while red represent areas where projected land-use change and important T&E habitat overlap. Within this scenario, 233,075 additional hectares are projected as developed, 162,542 (69.73%) of which are characterized as habitat for at least 3 threatened and endangered ...
... projected development conflict, while red represent areas where projected land-use change and important T&E habitat overlap. Within this scenario, 233,075 additional hectares are projected as developed, 162,542 (69.73%) of which are characterized as habitat for at least 3 threatened and endangered ...
07_PopBio
... 2. Understand why the number of individuals in a population may change over time. 3. Understand the different types of population growth curves 4. Understand the difference between Kselected and r-selected species ...
... 2. Understand why the number of individuals in a population may change over time. 3. Understand the different types of population growth curves 4. Understand the difference between Kselected and r-selected species ...
The contribution of species richness and composition to bacterial
... decelerating diversity-functioning relationship under some conditions (Fig. 1), so it is not possible to distinguish between the two mechanisms on the basis of the shape of the diversity-function relationship alone. Both of these mechanisms are important in determining the level of ecosystem functio ...
... decelerating diversity-functioning relationship under some conditions (Fig. 1), so it is not possible to distinguish between the two mechanisms on the basis of the shape of the diversity-function relationship alone. Both of these mechanisms are important in determining the level of ecosystem functio ...
Chapter 25: Community Ecology
... Experimental Studies of Competition Some of the best evidence for the existence of competition comes from experimental field studies. By setting up experiments in which two species either occur alone or together, scientists can determine whether the presence of one species has a negative effect on a ...
... Experimental Studies of Competition Some of the best evidence for the existence of competition comes from experimental field studies. By setting up experiments in which two species either occur alone or together, scientists can determine whether the presence of one species has a negative effect on a ...
Can more K-selected species be better invaders? A case study of
... (Byers, 2002; Thuiller et al., 2006; see also the ‘niche opportunity’ concept in Shea & Chesson, 2002), especially the resident community (Shea & Chesson, 2002). A high intrinsic rate of increase by itself cannot impede invasion; however, if r-traits trade-off with traits important for the interacti ...
... (Byers, 2002; Thuiller et al., 2006; see also the ‘niche opportunity’ concept in Shea & Chesson, 2002), especially the resident community (Shea & Chesson, 2002). A high intrinsic rate of increase by itself cannot impede invasion; however, if r-traits trade-off with traits important for the interacti ...
Traitbased tests of coexistence mechanisms
... patterns towards trait-based tests of recognised coexistence mechanisms. Our first objective is to demonstrate why trait dispersion studies ultimately cannot provide the mechanistic understanding necessary to predict the effect of local and global change on species diversity. We use a simple simulat ...
... patterns towards trait-based tests of recognised coexistence mechanisms. Our first objective is to demonstrate why trait dispersion studies ultimately cannot provide the mechanistic understanding necessary to predict the effect of local and global change on species diversity. We use a simple simulat ...
AQA(B) A2 Module 5: Environment Contents
... • inter-and intra-specific competition • predation. Ecological Niche Within a habitat a species occupies a niche governed by adaptation to food and/or prevailing abiotic forces. Succession In natural and suitable conditions land will gradually become colonised by a range of herbaceous plants, ...
... • inter-and intra-specific competition • predation. Ecological Niche Within a habitat a species occupies a niche governed by adaptation to food and/or prevailing abiotic forces. Succession In natural and suitable conditions land will gradually become colonised by a range of herbaceous plants, ...