752-4740-1-SP - Oecologia Australis
... questioned the coexistence of species and used the following metaphor to explain his ideas about why they are distributed the way they are.“The face of Nature may be compared to a yielding surface with ten thousand sharp “wedges packed close together and driven inwards with incessant blows, sometime ...
... questioned the coexistence of species and used the following metaphor to explain his ideas about why they are distributed the way they are.“The face of Nature may be compared to a yielding surface with ten thousand sharp “wedges packed close together and driven inwards with incessant blows, sometime ...
A shift from exploitation to interference competition with increasing
... Ginzburg 1989); an increase in resources will result in an increase in the encounter rate. For example, imagine a population of squirrels that compete for nuts exploitatively, in that each nut eaten by a squirrel reduces the number of nuts available for other squirrels. In that case, squirrel fitnes ...
... Ginzburg 1989); an increase in resources will result in an increase in the encounter rate. For example, imagine a population of squirrels that compete for nuts exploitatively, in that each nut eaten by a squirrel reduces the number of nuts available for other squirrels. In that case, squirrel fitnes ...
Interspecific competition in metapopulations
... These metapopulation models of interspecific competition have rarely been related to empirical observations of species’ distributions and regional dynamics. Levins et al. (1973) discussed competition and the distribution of ant species on islands around Puerto Rico in terms of a single-species model ...
... These metapopulation models of interspecific competition have rarely been related to empirical observations of species’ distributions and regional dynamics. Levins et al. (1973) discussed competition and the distribution of ant species on islands around Puerto Rico in terms of a single-species model ...
University of Groningen Holism and reductionism in biology
... exploitation of resources by two or more species. These models also go under the name of resource-consumer models and one particularly attractive feature of them is that they can be applied to both ’predator-prey’ (including plant-nutrient and herbivore-plant) interactions and competitive interactio ...
... exploitation of resources by two or more species. These models also go under the name of resource-consumer models and one particularly attractive feature of them is that they can be applied to both ’predator-prey’ (including plant-nutrient and herbivore-plant) interactions and competitive interactio ...
A comparative growth analysis between alien invader and native
... Differences in RGR between species were tested with an ANCOVA on the natural logarithm of total dry mass or leaf area, with number of days after transplanting into the culture system as covariate, and were considered significantly different when the interaction species ¥ time was significant. As onl ...
... Differences in RGR between species were tested with an ANCOVA on the natural logarithm of total dry mass or leaf area, with number of days after transplanting into the culture system as covariate, and were considered significantly different when the interaction species ¥ time was significant. As onl ...
Human-caused environmental change: Impacts on plant diversity and evolution Colloquium
... extremes, especially by tissue damage associated with freezing or subfreezing temperatures. In addition, within a region, differences in temperature-dependent growth could cause different plant species to be specialized on different portions of the growing season. Temporal Variation. Plants respond ...
... extremes, especially by tissue damage associated with freezing or subfreezing temperatures. In addition, within a region, differences in temperature-dependent growth could cause different plant species to be specialized on different portions of the growing season. Temporal Variation. Plants respond ...
trade-off between competitive ability
... are indistinguishable, and I therefore restrict my analysis to adults. Because a large number of adult amphipods were recovered from the tanks, I adopted a random subsampling procedure to select amphipods for measurement. I first established eight random subsamples by pouring the entire sample of am ...
... are indistinguishable, and I therefore restrict my analysis to adults. Because a large number of adult amphipods were recovered from the tanks, I adopted a random subsampling procedure to select amphipods for measurement. I first established eight random subsamples by pouring the entire sample of am ...
... Predictions derived from use of the Gompertz growth curve must be treated cautiously, not only due to the limitation of the use of maximum values, which would be affected by environmental conditions at the location where measured, but also the result of various other factors such as climatic change, ...
Invasiveness in plant communities with feedbacks
... interactions between the invader and resident community, not included in the previous models of Levine et al. (2006) or Eppstein et al. (2006), could also affect the rate of invasive spread. Von Holle & Simberloff (2005) showed that success of propagules in the forest understory was, in fact, positi ...
... interactions between the invader and resident community, not included in the previous models of Levine et al. (2006) or Eppstein et al. (2006), could also affect the rate of invasive spread. Von Holle & Simberloff (2005) showed that success of propagules in the forest understory was, in fact, positi ...
Appendix S1.
... years at each time step (all years had the same probability of being chosen each time), and then used the observed mean from that year for random number generation for that vital rate. We used this procedure because we did not have full data sets for different years to draw entire data sets of indiv ...
... years at each time step (all years had the same probability of being chosen each time), and then used the observed mean from that year for random number generation for that vital rate. We used this procedure because we did not have full data sets for different years to draw entire data sets of indiv ...
Bio112_Homework_ Populations
... e. all of these 4. The age-structure diagram for rapidly growing populations a. is in the form of a pyramid. b. is characterized by a large percentage of the population in the postreproductive years. c. has a very broad base showing a large number of young. d. has about equal distribution among all ...
... e. all of these 4. The age-structure diagram for rapidly growing populations a. is in the form of a pyramid. b. is characterized by a large percentage of the population in the postreproductive years. c. has a very broad base showing a large number of young. d. has about equal distribution among all ...
Competition Theory, Hypothesis-Testing, and Other Community
... seem to get along quite well in everydaylifeby usingcommon sense and experience to constructa world view, so why not apply the same approach to our scientificendeavors and let tendentiousphilosophers argue about how many angels can dance on thehead of a pin? If onlyforthetimeand mentaleffortsaved, t ...
... seem to get along quite well in everydaylifeby usingcommon sense and experience to constructa world view, so why not apply the same approach to our scientificendeavors and let tendentiousphilosophers argue about how many angels can dance on thehead of a pin? If onlyforthetimeand mentaleffortsaved, t ...
Interspecific Competition and Relative Distribution of the Co
... (1967b). However, it has been shown that many published ant mosaics are not significantly different from null models of distribution, and therefore not attributable to deterministic factors such as competition (Ribas and Schoereder 2002). The objective of this study is to ask whether competition aff ...
... (1967b). However, it has been shown that many published ant mosaics are not significantly different from null models of distribution, and therefore not attributable to deterministic factors such as competition (Ribas and Schoereder 2002). The objective of this study is to ask whether competition aff ...
Competition - Mark A. Hixon
... consumer. Importantly, just because two organisms share a resource does not necessarily mean that they compete for it (e.g., all marine fishes share oxygen as a resource). The shared resource must be in “short supply,” meaning that its abundance limits the reproductive success of the individual (via ...
... consumer. Importantly, just because two organisms share a resource does not necessarily mean that they compete for it (e.g., all marine fishes share oxygen as a resource). The shared resource must be in “short supply,” meaning that its abundance limits the reproductive success of the individual (via ...
Year-to-year variation in plant competition in a mountain grassland
... as environmental conditions change. More specifically, we tested the interaction between removal of the dominant grass species (Festuca rubra) and year-to-year variation in the effects of removal treatments on shoot frequency and above-ground biomass of all species in the community. We used a fully ...
... as environmental conditions change. More specifically, we tested the interaction between removal of the dominant grass species (Festuca rubra) and year-to-year variation in the effects of removal treatments on shoot frequency and above-ground biomass of all species in the community. We used a fully ...
1495/Chapter 14 - Toronto District Christian High School
... obtain the most resources. For example, if two species of birds compete for seeds of roughly equal sizes, those individuals of both species that can eat larger or smaller seeds will be able to find more food. They will, therefore, be more likely to survive and reproduce than will members of their ow ...
... obtain the most resources. For example, if two species of birds compete for seeds of roughly equal sizes, those individuals of both species that can eat larger or smaller seeds will be able to find more food. They will, therefore, be more likely to survive and reproduce than will members of their ow ...
Fitness and physiology in a variable environment
... we expressed this yearly value as the proportional deviation of each species’ fitness from its long-term temporal average: Inðlbt þ 1Þ Inðlb þ 1Þ. Throughout the rest of the manuscript, we will refer to this value as the standardized annual fitness. A positive standardized annual fitness value mea ...
... we expressed this yearly value as the proportional deviation of each species’ fitness from its long-term temporal average: Inðlbt þ 1Þ Inðlb þ 1Þ. Throughout the rest of the manuscript, we will refer to this value as the standardized annual fitness. A positive standardized annual fitness value mea ...
Invasive Plants
... One of the most difficult aspects of managing invasive species is that they are usually widespread before they are recognized as harmful. Some species, like small insects or fungi, are so inconspicuous that populations go unnoticed for many years after introduction. Others species are non-invasive a ...
... One of the most difficult aspects of managing invasive species is that they are usually widespread before they are recognized as harmful. Some species, like small insects or fungi, are so inconspicuous that populations go unnoticed for many years after introduction. Others species are non-invasive a ...
How does global change affect the strength of trophic interactions?
... Recent research has generally shown that a small change in the number of species in a food web can have consequences both for community structure and ecosystem processes. However ‘change’ is not limited to just the number of species in a community, but might include an alteration to such properties ...
... Recent research has generally shown that a small change in the number of species in a food web can have consequences both for community structure and ecosystem processes. However ‘change’ is not limited to just the number of species in a community, but might include an alteration to such properties ...
A mechanistic model of a mutualism and its ecological and
... according to a specific mathematical rule based on derivatives of the community matrix. However, it has been shown that when there is also frequency dependence, Roughgarden’s rule can produce inaccurate results (Brown and Vincent, 1987; also see Roughgarden, 1987; Taper and Case, 1992) and a game-th ...
... according to a specific mathematical rule based on derivatives of the community matrix. However, it has been shown that when there is also frequency dependence, Roughgarden’s rule can produce inaccurate results (Brown and Vincent, 1987; also see Roughgarden, 1987; Taper and Case, 1992) and a game-th ...
Ecology Unit
... In nature, limits occur. One basic requirement for life is energy; growth, survival and reproduction all require this. Energy supplies are limited and therefore organisms must use these resources and others wisely. In nature, under more realistic conditions, at first populations grow exponentially ( ...
... In nature, limits occur. One basic requirement for life is energy; growth, survival and reproduction all require this. Energy supplies are limited and therefore organisms must use these resources and others wisely. In nature, under more realistic conditions, at first populations grow exponentially ( ...