Exploring the Lotka-Volterra Competition Model using Two Species
... Ecological communities are composed of populations of all species in a habitat. The structure of a community will be determined in part by the dynamics of the interactions between the species in the community. Interactions between two species can be direct or indirect (i.e., mediated through other s ...
... Ecological communities are composed of populations of all species in a habitat. The structure of a community will be determined in part by the dynamics of the interactions between the species in the community. Interactions between two species can be direct or indirect (i.e., mediated through other s ...
Unit 5 test Answer Section
... conditions. Those conditions include all of the following except A) increasing commensalism B) temperature C) presence of disease organisms D) arrival or disappearance of competing species E) resource availability 19. K-strategists A) have high genetic diversity B) are more response to environmental ...
... conditions. Those conditions include all of the following except A) increasing commensalism B) temperature C) presence of disease organisms D) arrival or disappearance of competing species E) resource availability 19. K-strategists A) have high genetic diversity B) are more response to environmental ...
Plant species traits and capacity for resource reduction predict yield
... response and abundance in a nitrogen-limited grassland. We collected species trait and soil nutrient data on non-leguminous perennial prairie plant species in replicated monoculture plots established for this purpose. 2. The soil nitrate concentration of 13 species grown in long-term (5-year) monocu ...
... response and abundance in a nitrogen-limited grassland. We collected species trait and soil nutrient data on non-leguminous perennial prairie plant species in replicated monoculture plots established for this purpose. 2. The soil nitrate concentration of 13 species grown in long-term (5-year) monocu ...
Do individual plant species show predictable responses to nitrogen
... we assembled a dataset of 20 herbaceous species that were each represented in at least 6 different fertilization experiments and tested whether responses were general across experiments. Of the 20 species, one consistently increased in relative abundance and five consistently decreased across replic ...
... we assembled a dataset of 20 herbaceous species that were each represented in at least 6 different fertilization experiments and tested whether responses were general across experiments. Of the 20 species, one consistently increased in relative abundance and five consistently decreased across replic ...
Impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem
... The third scenario occurs when species sensitivities to stressors A and B are negatively correlated (i.e. negative species co-tolerance) because of a trade-off between the traits that determine the ability of a species to tolerate each stressor (Fig. 1C). Here, biodiversity is likely to be severely ...
... The third scenario occurs when species sensitivities to stressors A and B are negatively correlated (i.e. negative species co-tolerance) because of a trade-off between the traits that determine the ability of a species to tolerate each stressor (Fig. 1C). Here, biodiversity is likely to be severely ...
The metacommunity concept
... A perspective that emphasizes the resource gradients or patch types cause sufficiently strong differences in the local demography of species and the outcomes of local speciesÕ interactions that patch quality and dispersal jointly affect local community composition. This perspective emphasizes spatia ...
... A perspective that emphasizes the resource gradients or patch types cause sufficiently strong differences in the local demography of species and the outcomes of local speciesÕ interactions that patch quality and dispersal jointly affect local community composition. This perspective emphasizes spatia ...
Leibold et al. 2004
... A perspective that emphasizes the resource gradients or patch types cause sufficiently strong differences in the local demography of species and the outcomes of local speciesÕ interactions that patch quality and dispersal jointly affect local community composition. This perspective emphasizes spatia ...
... A perspective that emphasizes the resource gradients or patch types cause sufficiently strong differences in the local demography of species and the outcomes of local speciesÕ interactions that patch quality and dispersal jointly affect local community composition. This perspective emphasizes spatia ...
Shifts of the feeding niche along the size dimension of three
... traditionally assumed that conspecific individuals are ecologically equivalent, a large number of studies have shown that each population appears to be composed of both relatively generalised and relatively specialised individuals (Bolnick et al. 2003). This pattern occurs if a population is compose ...
... traditionally assumed that conspecific individuals are ecologically equivalent, a large number of studies have shown that each population appears to be composed of both relatively generalised and relatively specialised individuals (Bolnick et al. 2003). This pattern occurs if a population is compose ...
Niche-Based vs. Neutral Models of Ecological Communities
... 1993; Sloep 1993; Mikkelson 1997). However, as we shall see, he and other neutralists cannot really have their cake (trade-offs) and eat it too – that is, treat the organisms of different species as ecological equivalents, each having an equal probability of survival and reproduction. Chase and Leib ...
... 1993; Sloep 1993; Mikkelson 1997). However, as we shall see, he and other neutralists cannot really have their cake (trade-offs) and eat it too – that is, treat the organisms of different species as ecological equivalents, each having an equal probability of survival and reproduction. Chase and Leib ...
Interspecific Competition in Plants: How Well Do Current Methods
... focus on them is developed below. Which Species Dominates a Mixture/Community at One Point in Time? By dominance, we simply mean that at any given time, in a defined mixture, one species (or any mixture component such as a genotype or functional group) is more abundant (e.g., biomass, seed number, l ...
... focus on them is developed below. Which Species Dominates a Mixture/Community at One Point in Time? By dominance, we simply mean that at any given time, in a defined mixture, one species (or any mixture component such as a genotype or functional group) is more abundant (e.g., biomass, seed number, l ...
The Niche
... 16. Sometimes changes in the population of a single species, often called a keystone species, can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community. 17. ex: if the number of sea otters (predator) < , then the number of sea urchins (prey) >, this caused the kelp forests (the urchins food) to ...
... 16. Sometimes changes in the population of a single species, often called a keystone species, can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community. 17. ex: if the number of sea otters (predator) < , then the number of sea urchins (prey) >, this caused the kelp forests (the urchins food) to ...
Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the
... I recorded the temperature (to 0.5°C) at the outflow of each channel every 3 d during the experiment. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that water temperature did not change from block one to block two, but that block three was warmer than the other two (block, PB 0.0001) on some days (block× time, ...
... I recorded the temperature (to 0.5°C) at the outflow of each channel every 3 d during the experiment. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that water temperature did not change from block one to block two, but that block three was warmer than the other two (block, PB 0.0001) on some days (block× time, ...
a critique of the
... [Maynard Smith et al. 1985], gene flow [King and Lawson 1995], genetic drift [Orr 1998], absence of genetic variance [Blows and Hoffmann 2005], and historical contingency [Losos et al. 1998], among others). In short, their critique forced biologists to critically test how nature actually does work in ...
... [Maynard Smith et al. 1985], gene flow [King and Lawson 1995], genetic drift [Orr 1998], absence of genetic variance [Blows and Hoffmann 2005], and historical contingency [Losos et al. 1998], among others). In short, their critique forced biologists to critically test how nature actually does work in ...
Evolutionary food web model based on body masses gives realistic
... for the fact that the competition matrix is not symmetric. More specialised species exert a higher competition pressure than species with broad feeding ranges. The overlap Iil is similar to the niche overlap discussed by May [36]. We assume that interference competition is significantly higher withi ...
... for the fact that the competition matrix is not symmetric. More specialised species exert a higher competition pressure than species with broad feeding ranges. The overlap Iil is similar to the niche overlap discussed by May [36]. We assume that interference competition is significantly higher withi ...
Trade-offs in community ecology: linking spatial scales and species
... during favourable time periods. Persistence during unfavourable time periods requires the organism to have some life-stage that can withstand the unfavourable conditions. For example, many organisms have resting eggs or dormant seeds, and others have long-lived adults that can persist during times o ...
... during favourable time periods. Persistence during unfavourable time periods requires the organism to have some life-stage that can withstand the unfavourable conditions. For example, many organisms have resting eggs or dormant seeds, and others have long-lived adults that can persist during times o ...
PlantCompDefNotes05
... layer) and exclude others from best light areas. Plants in lower light areas (understory, forest floor) have evolved to make this their niche--broadening their leaves, maximizing growth during high-light times, etc. ...
... layer) and exclude others from best light areas. Plants in lower light areas (understory, forest floor) have evolved to make this their niche--broadening their leaves, maximizing growth during high-light times, etc. ...
Coevolution: A synergy in biology and ecology
... following briefly describes some research methodology of coevolution. (1) Make a long-term observation to some of the traits possibly caused by coevolution between species to investigate the relationship between genetic variation, for example, Pimentel’s study on housefly-parasitoid relationship, an ...
... following briefly describes some research methodology of coevolution. (1) Make a long-term observation to some of the traits possibly caused by coevolution between species to investigate the relationship between genetic variation, for example, Pimentel’s study on housefly-parasitoid relationship, an ...
Ecology Notes 3
... So, what do you think is going to happen to the human population? • We will probably reach our carrying capacity. • Our growth rate will start to look like most organisms, which is the Logistic Growth Model Carrying Capacity (k) ...
... So, what do you think is going to happen to the human population? • We will probably reach our carrying capacity. • Our growth rate will start to look like most organisms, which is the Logistic Growth Model Carrying Capacity (k) ...
Asymmetric effects of intra- and interspecific competition on a pond
... similar but less intense effects on metamorphic and paedomorphic rates than conspecifics. Because overwintering in an immature state delays reproduction and may have other fitness costs for each final adult morph, we predicted that overwintering should primarily occur only under the highest larval dens ...
... similar but less intense effects on metamorphic and paedomorphic rates than conspecifics. Because overwintering in an immature state delays reproduction and may have other fitness costs for each final adult morph, we predicted that overwintering should primarily occur only under the highest larval dens ...
Coexistence of nearly neutral species - SYSU
... although both a strictly neutral community and trade-off-based communities produce log-series species-abundance distributions, species richness is higher in trade-off communities. Similarly, Ostling (2011) and Zhang et al. (2012) relaxed Hubbell’s original neutral model by considering fitness equiva ...
... although both a strictly neutral community and trade-off-based communities produce log-series species-abundance distributions, species richness is higher in trade-off communities. Similarly, Ostling (2011) and Zhang et al. (2012) relaxed Hubbell’s original neutral model by considering fitness equiva ...
The community context of species` borders: ecological and
... such episodes of local adaptation from eventually allowing the populations to march across the mountain? One explanation is that there may not be sufficient genetic variation in the population for natural selection, given the intensity of selection. As shown by Holt and Gomulkiewicz (1997), adaptati ...
... such episodes of local adaptation from eventually allowing the populations to march across the mountain? One explanation is that there may not be sufficient genetic variation in the population for natural selection, given the intensity of selection. As shown by Holt and Gomulkiewicz (1997), adaptati ...
Historical contingency in species interactions: towards nichebased
... above, resulting in four different nectar environments: harsh, rich; harsh, poor; benign, rich; and benign, poor. In each nectar environment, we assessed the strength of priority effects between all pairs of the four yeast species. The experiment was performed in 200-lL polymerase chain reaction (PC ...
... above, resulting in four different nectar environments: harsh, rich; harsh, poor; benign, rich; and benign, poor. In each nectar environment, we assessed the strength of priority effects between all pairs of the four yeast species. The experiment was performed in 200-lL polymerase chain reaction (PC ...