Metabolic effects of glutamine on insulin sensitivity
... benefits of Gln supplementation on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This glucose-ameliorating effect may be related to a specific Gln effect on fat metabolism, such as the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis (46). Also, Gln in association with insulin is significantly more effectiv ...
... benefits of Gln supplementation on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This glucose-ameliorating effect may be related to a specific Gln effect on fat metabolism, such as the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis (46). Also, Gln in association with insulin is significantly more effectiv ...
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... are important metabolic processes in the body of living organisms. In addition, there are some related hormones that play an important role in these metabolic processes. Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis. Glycogenolysis is the process of glycogen degradation. Glycolysis is a cytoplas ...
... are important metabolic processes in the body of living organisms. In addition, there are some related hormones that play an important role in these metabolic processes. Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis. Glycogenolysis is the process of glycogen degradation. Glycolysis is a cytoplas ...
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... “Intrada Amino Acid” column without sample modification are shown in Fig. 2. For the LC-MS chromatography monitoring at 132 m/z, Leu and Ile were separated completely within 7 min with the column (Fig. 3 A and B). Because a high Ile peak was observed from the chromatography monitoring of 132 → 70 m ...
... “Intrada Amino Acid” column without sample modification are shown in Fig. 2. For the LC-MS chromatography monitoring at 132 m/z, Leu and Ile were separated completely within 7 min with the column (Fig. 3 A and B). Because a high Ile peak was observed from the chromatography monitoring of 132 → 70 m ...
Long-chain fatty acids increase basal metabolism
... M oleate nor 40 M linoleate affected ⌬⌿. At a higher concentration (400 M) both oleate and linoleate increased TMRE fluorescence by ⬃20% of maximum, obtained using 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 M), indicating a depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We conclude that LC fatty acids, at suff ...
... M oleate nor 40 M linoleate affected ⌬⌿. At a higher concentration (400 M) both oleate and linoleate increased TMRE fluorescence by ⬃20% of maximum, obtained using 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 M), indicating a depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We conclude that LC fatty acids, at suff ...
mammalian hibernation: biochemical adaptation
... wide range of core Tb values. Hibernation occurs in multiple mammalian lineages and is believed to have arisen independently several times. For a typical small mammal, the winter hibernation season consists of multiple bouts of torpor interspersed with brief periods of arousal when euthermic Tb is r ...
... wide range of core Tb values. Hibernation occurs in multiple mammalian lineages and is believed to have arisen independently several times. For a typical small mammal, the winter hibernation season consists of multiple bouts of torpor interspersed with brief periods of arousal when euthermic Tb is r ...
U4L23 starvation - The University of Sydney
... on behalf of the University of Sydney pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. ...
... on behalf of the University of Sydney pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces a rapid dephosphorylation
... in Fig. 1A. Figure 1B and C shows that BDNF treatment induces dephosphorylation of tau protein at all the phosphorylation sites examined, except for the site recognized by AT270. Because the antibody Tau1 recognizes a non-phosphorylated tau epitope, Tau1 levels increased upon stimulation with BDNF. ...
... in Fig. 1A. Figure 1B and C shows that BDNF treatment induces dephosphorylation of tau protein at all the phosphorylation sites examined, except for the site recognized by AT270. Because the antibody Tau1 recognizes a non-phosphorylated tau epitope, Tau1 levels increased upon stimulation with BDNF. ...
Dietary Supplements and Military Divers
... understood by the mainstream medical community, but the potential for use and abuse of DS cannot be taken lightly by undersea medical officers (UMO). Despite the indisputable pharmacologic effects many of these over-the-counter (OTC) products exert, the use of DS is generally overlooked by clinician ...
... understood by the mainstream medical community, but the potential for use and abuse of DS cannot be taken lightly by undersea medical officers (UMO). Despite the indisputable pharmacologic effects many of these over-the-counter (OTC) products exert, the use of DS is generally overlooked by clinician ...
Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of Hypoxia and Iron
... transcription (5). Iron metabolism is tightly coregulated with oxygen homeostasis, and HIFs regulate genes involved in iron uptake and utilization. Hypoxia is associated with multiple changes in metabolism and energy balance. Decreased weight and/or weight loss, for example, is seen in individuals l ...
... transcription (5). Iron metabolism is tightly coregulated with oxygen homeostasis, and HIFs regulate genes involved in iron uptake and utilization. Hypoxia is associated with multiple changes in metabolism and energy balance. Decreased weight and/or weight loss, for example, is seen in individuals l ...
Full-Text PDF
... organs, in particular adipose tissue. The process of fatty acid esterification into TAG involves the activation of FFA into Acyl-CoA through the formation of monacylglycerol (MAG) and diacyglycerol (DAG) by reacting with glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) (Figure 1). Several hormones control lipogenesis inc ...
... organs, in particular adipose tissue. The process of fatty acid esterification into TAG involves the activation of FFA into Acyl-CoA through the formation of monacylglycerol (MAG) and diacyglycerol (DAG) by reacting with glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) (Figure 1). Several hormones control lipogenesis inc ...
Metabolic acidosis
... D-Lactic acidosis • Certain bacteria in the GI tract may convert carbohydrate (cellulose) into organic acids – primarily D-lactic acid which when absorbed is very slowly metabolized • Most patients who develop D-lactic acidosis have slow GI transit as with blind loops, obstruction, drugs decreasing ...
... D-Lactic acidosis • Certain bacteria in the GI tract may convert carbohydrate (cellulose) into organic acids – primarily D-lactic acid which when absorbed is very slowly metabolized • Most patients who develop D-lactic acidosis have slow GI transit as with blind loops, obstruction, drugs decreasing ...
Muscle
... In contrast to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is not normally under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle is the muscle of the heart. Its contraction propels blood through the circulatory system. Like smooth muscle, it is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and autocrine/ paracrine agen ...
... In contrast to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is not normally under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle is the muscle of the heart. Its contraction propels blood through the circulatory system. Like smooth muscle, it is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and autocrine/ paracrine agen ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... they cleave adjacent to different amino-acids. Together, they break polypeptides to free amino-acids and short peptides. In addition, a mucosal cell-surface aminopeptidase removes amino-acids one at a time from N termini. ...
... they cleave adjacent to different amino-acids. Together, they break polypeptides to free amino-acids and short peptides. In addition, a mucosal cell-surface aminopeptidase removes amino-acids one at a time from N termini. ...
The Emerging Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Insulin
... showed that leucine and valine among >350 metabolites were increased in African-American T2DM women subjects [24]. It was further confirmed in a cross-sectional study of 73 overweight/obese individuals without diabetes by performing glucose tolerance tests to measure insulin sensitivity [19]. Moreov ...
... showed that leucine and valine among >350 metabolites were increased in African-American T2DM women subjects [24]. It was further confirmed in a cross-sectional study of 73 overweight/obese individuals without diabetes by performing glucose tolerance tests to measure insulin sensitivity [19]. Moreov ...
1 - Cardiovascular Research
... Forkhead box family and subfamily O of transcription factors (FoxOs) are also known to regulate whole-body energy metabolism due to their effect in various tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and beta cells.52 However, their value in moderating cardiac substrate utilization, ...
... Forkhead box family and subfamily O of transcription factors (FoxOs) are also known to regulate whole-body energy metabolism due to their effect in various tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and beta cells.52 However, their value in moderating cardiac substrate utilization, ...
Structure and Movement
... Certain types of exercise, such as those shown in Figure 8, place weight on bones. This strengthens bones and builds new bone tissue. Without exercise, bones weaken and lose mass. ...
... Certain types of exercise, such as those shown in Figure 8, place weight on bones. This strengthens bones and builds new bone tissue. Without exercise, bones weaken and lose mass. ...
Skeletal Muscle Nucleo-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Obesity and Type
... expression from both the mitochondrion as well as the nucleus [26]. Communication between the nuclear to mitochondrial genomes is a two-way process involving both anterograde (from the nucleus to the mitochondria) and retrograde (from the mitochondria to the nucleus) communication [27]. Thus, many f ...
... expression from both the mitochondrion as well as the nucleus [26]. Communication between the nuclear to mitochondrial genomes is a two-way process involving both anterograde (from the nucleus to the mitochondria) and retrograde (from the mitochondria to the nucleus) communication [27]. Thus, many f ...
The Effects of Whey Protein and Leucine Supplementation
... Recreational and competitive athletes often use a protein supplement plus resistance training to increase strength, muscular endurance, and hypertrophy. Resistance training alone stimulates muscle protein metabolism, which can lead to muscle growth and strength increases (5, 6, 12). To stimulate mus ...
... Recreational and competitive athletes often use a protein supplement plus resistance training to increase strength, muscular endurance, and hypertrophy. Resistance training alone stimulates muscle protein metabolism, which can lead to muscle growth and strength increases (5, 6, 12). To stimulate mus ...
VII - Jefferson City Public Schools
... • Arrange the different levels of organization (ie., atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organism) in a logical order (ie., from smallest to largest). • Define and distinguish between the different levels of organization listed above. • Identify the level of organizati ...
... • Arrange the different levels of organization (ie., atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organism) in a logical order (ie., from smallest to largest). • Define and distinguish between the different levels of organization listed above. • Identify the level of organizati ...
Nicotine toxicity
... broken down but is able to mimic the effects of acetylcholine at its receptor thus it is as if acetylcholine is always in the synapse and the muscle remains is unable to relax. ...
... broken down but is able to mimic the effects of acetylcholine at its receptor thus it is as if acetylcholine is always in the synapse and the muscle remains is unable to relax. ...
acyl-CoA
... KETONE BODY OXIDATION high rates of lipolysis (e.g., long-term starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes) produce sufficient ketones in the blood to be effective as a fuel ketones are the preferred fuel if glucose, ketones, fatty acids all available in the blood primary tissues: using ketones, when av ...
... KETONE BODY OXIDATION high rates of lipolysis (e.g., long-term starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes) produce sufficient ketones in the blood to be effective as a fuel ketones are the preferred fuel if glucose, ketones, fatty acids all available in the blood primary tissues: using ketones, when av ...
Wnt-7a maintains appropriate uterine patterning
... glands. The changes observed in the oviduct and uterus are accompanied by a postnatal loss of hoxa-10 and hoxa-11 expression, revealing that Wnt-7a is not required for early hoxa gene expression, but is required for maintenance of expression. These clustered hox genes have been shown to play a role ...
... glands. The changes observed in the oviduct and uterus are accompanied by a postnatal loss of hoxa-10 and hoxa-11 expression, revealing that Wnt-7a is not required for early hoxa gene expression, but is required for maintenance of expression. These clustered hox genes have been shown to play a role ...
Plasma Total Amino Acids, Plasma Glutamate
... results of present study with type 2 diabetic subjects clearly establishes an elevated plasma levels of AAN,AL, and GM in type 2 diabetic subjects (refer table 1) which may be due to decreased insulin levels or due to decreased insulin action. This decreased insulin levels in these subjects might ha ...
... results of present study with type 2 diabetic subjects clearly establishes an elevated plasma levels of AAN,AL, and GM in type 2 diabetic subjects (refer table 1) which may be due to decreased insulin levels or due to decreased insulin action. This decreased insulin levels in these subjects might ha ...
Lecture 12-14 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... In 1897 Hans and Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could rapidly ferment sucrose into alcohol. Startling discovery in its day because it was widely held that fermentation was a process that occurs within cells. This led to efforts to understand the mechanism of this extracellular fermen ...
... In 1897 Hans and Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could rapidly ferment sucrose into alcohol. Startling discovery in its day because it was widely held that fermentation was a process that occurs within cells. This led to efforts to understand the mechanism of this extracellular fermen ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... hydrophobic. They do not need to be solvated in contrast to carbohydrates such as glycogen. Dehydrated glycogen will absorb twice its dry weight of water when it is rehydrated. The long greasy tails of fatty acids pack tightly in storage tissues, allowing for concentrated storage. Adipose Cell shown ...
... hydrophobic. They do not need to be solvated in contrast to carbohydrates such as glycogen. Dehydrated glycogen will absorb twice its dry weight of water when it is rehydrated. The long greasy tails of fatty acids pack tightly in storage tissues, allowing for concentrated storage. Adipose Cell shown ...