SHEEP BRAIN DISSECTION GUIDE
... Virtually all sensory information (one big exception: olfactory information) that reaches the cerebral cortex must pass through the thalamus, often called the relay station of the brain. There are many distinct nuclei of the thalamus which receive input from a specific sensory modality (e.g., LGN re ...
... Virtually all sensory information (one big exception: olfactory information) that reaches the cerebral cortex must pass through the thalamus, often called the relay station of the brain. There are many distinct nuclei of the thalamus which receive input from a specific sensory modality (e.g., LGN re ...
Oculomotor_2004
... • Superior colliculus drives the reticular formation to make contralateral saccades. • The frontal eye fields and the parietal cortex drive the colliculus. • The parietal cortex provides an attentional signal and the frontal eye fields a motor signal. • The substantia nigra inhibits the colliculus u ...
... • Superior colliculus drives the reticular formation to make contralateral saccades. • The frontal eye fields and the parietal cortex drive the colliculus. • The parietal cortex provides an attentional signal and the frontal eye fields a motor signal. • The substantia nigra inhibits the colliculus u ...
Chapter 3
... Note whether views are – Axial (Horizontal) Views – Coronal Views – Less need for familiarity with sagittal view ...
... Note whether views are – Axial (Horizontal) Views – Coronal Views – Less need for familiarity with sagittal view ...
19. Visual (2)
... axes ( eyes ); contraction of the ciliary muscles and relaxation of the suspensory ligaments to increase the covexity of the lens, thus focusing the image. The pupil is constricted to increase the depth of the focus. The pathways of it comprise the optic nerve; optic tract; lateral geniculate body; ...
... axes ( eyes ); contraction of the ciliary muscles and relaxation of the suspensory ligaments to increase the covexity of the lens, thus focusing the image. The pupil is constricted to increase the depth of the focus. The pathways of it comprise the optic nerve; optic tract; lateral geniculate body; ...
Visual System Part 1 – Visual Perception
... What the LGN does • It works as a gatekeeper for the visual cortex – By modulating strength of synchrony, cortex can control efficiency of thalamic input – By modulating burst mode, it can control the responsiveness to the outer world into nonresponsive, alert/expectant, and continuous processing U ...
... What the LGN does • It works as a gatekeeper for the visual cortex – By modulating strength of synchrony, cortex can control efficiency of thalamic input – By modulating burst mode, it can control the responsiveness to the outer world into nonresponsive, alert/expectant, and continuous processing U ...
After leaving the retina, the outputs of each eye are split
... • Retinal ganglion cells actually come in (at least) 2 flavors: – M (magnocellular) – P (parvocellular) ...
... • Retinal ganglion cells actually come in (at least) 2 flavors: – M (magnocellular) – P (parvocellular) ...
Check out figures to understand this tricky wiring pattern… After
... fire action potentials; if the bar is made longer, they fire more, up to the extent of the full receptive field ...
... fire action potentials; if the bar is made longer, they fire more, up to the extent of the full receptive field ...
13-2nd, 3rd, 4th & 6th cranial nerves
... It passes through cavernous sinus, lying below and lateral to the internal carotid artery. Then it enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It supplies; the lateral rectus muscle which rotates the eye ball laterally ; (abduction). ...
... It passes through cavernous sinus, lying below and lateral to the internal carotid artery. Then it enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It supplies; the lateral rectus muscle which rotates the eye ball laterally ; (abduction). ...
Lectures for 5th week: Visual System I
... Photoreceptors contain specialised membranes with pigment molecules for phototransduction. There are two types of photoreceptors: (i) Cones (100M) contain 3 pigments and contribute to high acuity colour and daytime vision. Photopic system (Gk photos light) Fovea 1 (ii) Rods (10M) contain rhodopsin, ...
... Photoreceptors contain specialised membranes with pigment molecules for phototransduction. There are two types of photoreceptors: (i) Cones (100M) contain 3 pigments and contribute to high acuity colour and daytime vision. Photopic system (Gk photos light) Fovea 1 (ii) Rods (10M) contain rhodopsin, ...
Slide ()
... Sensory inputs to the vestibular nuclei. Neurons in the superior and medial vestibular nuclei receive input predominantly from the semicircular canals but also from the otolith organs. Neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters' nucleus) receive input from the semicircular canals and otolith ...
... Sensory inputs to the vestibular nuclei. Neurons in the superior and medial vestibular nuclei receive input predominantly from the semicircular canals but also from the otolith organs. Neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters' nucleus) receive input from the semicircular canals and otolith ...
Can the ophthalmologist repair the Brain in Infantile ET
... VI excitatory horizontal binocular connections (and VI/MT/MST disparity neurons) intact beyond region of foveal suppression ...
... VI excitatory horizontal binocular connections (and VI/MT/MST disparity neurons) intact beyond region of foveal suppression ...
Visual Field
... Visual Acuity is measuring the resolving power of the eye. The standard test is the Snellen chart, which consists of rows of letters of decreasing size. Each row is numbered with the distance in meters at which each letter subtends 5 minutes of arc at the nodal point of the eye. ...
... Visual Acuity is measuring the resolving power of the eye. The standard test is the Snellen chart, which consists of rows of letters of decreasing size. Each row is numbered with the distance in meters at which each letter subtends 5 minutes of arc at the nodal point of the eye. ...
Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... movements,8'a1"13 and there is also an ascending projection to the posterior region of the thalamus.7'8 In this review attention is restricted to the superficial laminar division. It is composed of two tangential fiber layers—the stratum zonale (at the surface) and the stratum opticum (lying deep)—a ...
... movements,8'a1"13 and there is also an ascending projection to the posterior region of the thalamus.7'8 In this review attention is restricted to the superficial laminar division. It is composed of two tangential fiber layers—the stratum zonale (at the surface) and the stratum opticum (lying deep)—a ...
Outer layer
... Slit Lamp performs examination of the anterior segment of the eye. Slit Lamp is a biomicroscope with a strong source of light that can be made as slit to obtain an optical cross section of the transparent parts of the eye (cornea and the lens). Direct and Indirect ophthalmoscope for examination of t ...
... Slit Lamp performs examination of the anterior segment of the eye. Slit Lamp is a biomicroscope with a strong source of light that can be made as slit to obtain an optical cross section of the transparent parts of the eye (cornea and the lens). Direct and Indirect ophthalmoscope for examination of t ...
ANPS 019 Black 11-05
... Inferior peduncle, can’t be labeled Only one blood vessel – gives blood supply to both sides MIDBRAIN Reticular activating system (RAS) –critical for maintain consciousness -when this shuts down: lose consciousness -decerebrate = brainstem injury = BAD Substantia nigra – dopamine containing neurons ...
... Inferior peduncle, can’t be labeled Only one blood vessel – gives blood supply to both sides MIDBRAIN Reticular activating system (RAS) –critical for maintain consciousness -when this shuts down: lose consciousness -decerebrate = brainstem injury = BAD Substantia nigra – dopamine containing neurons ...
Basic Architecture of the Visual Cortex
... of cortical areas. • There is general understanding about the basic structure of the visual cortical hierarchy. Anatomical and electrophysiological studies show that is is divided into distinct visual areas (e.g., V1, V2, V3, V4, MT, MST, PIT, AIT). • Each visual area, like all the cerebral cortex c ...
... of cortical areas. • There is general understanding about the basic structure of the visual cortical hierarchy. Anatomical and electrophysiological studies show that is is divided into distinct visual areas (e.g., V1, V2, V3, V4, MT, MST, PIT, AIT). • Each visual area, like all the cerebral cortex c ...
22-4 EUBANK
... certain cognitive and affective processes that require TIMING. For this reason they may be involved in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and are implicated in the movement disorders found in Parkinson’s disease.2,5,6 Interestingly, it is the motor system that receives input from virtually all ...
... certain cognitive and affective processes that require TIMING. For this reason they may be involved in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and are implicated in the movement disorders found in Parkinson’s disease.2,5,6 Interestingly, it is the motor system that receives input from virtually all ...
Put your name here -> BIOL 415 Nerve cell
... 11. Answer EITHER (1) What is the name of this structure? OR (2) If you removed it, name ONE of the things you would see. septum pellucidum, lateral ventricle or head of caudate 12. If you removed this structure, what major subdivision of the diencephalon would you be looking at? ...
... 11. Answer EITHER (1) What is the name of this structure? OR (2) If you removed it, name ONE of the things you would see. septum pellucidum, lateral ventricle or head of caudate 12. If you removed this structure, what major subdivision of the diencephalon would you be looking at? ...
Eye Movement Control by the Cerebral Cortex Charles Pierrot
... Visually guided saccades Predictive saccades Memory guided saccades Antisaccades ...
... Visually guided saccades Predictive saccades Memory guided saccades Antisaccades ...
sms7new
... 3. The STN receives input from the frontal lobe, especially from the motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortex and from the frontal eye fields. 4. The STN sends a fast divergent excitatory projection to GPi and SNpr. 5. Reciprocal and loop-like connection among basal ganglia nuclei that may pl ...
... 3. The STN receives input from the frontal lobe, especially from the motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortex and from the frontal eye fields. 4. The STN sends a fast divergent excitatory projection to GPi and SNpr. 5. Reciprocal and loop-like connection among basal ganglia nuclei that may pl ...
Neuroanatomy
... Notes: "BRAINSTEM" is an imprecisely defined term which usually refers to the rhombencephalon and mesencephalon together. It may or may not include the cerebellum, and sometimes the diencephalon is included. "CEREBRUM" or "CEREBRAL HEMISHPHERES" refer to the ...
... Notes: "BRAINSTEM" is an imprecisely defined term which usually refers to the rhombencephalon and mesencephalon together. It may or may not include the cerebellum, and sometimes the diencephalon is included. "CEREBRUM" or "CEREBRAL HEMISHPHERES" refer to the ...
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus, (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain. In other vertebrates this is known as the optic tectum or simply tectum, and the adjective tectal may also be used. The superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems. The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric (""body-centered"") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates, and activation of neurons at a particular point in the map evokes a response directed toward the corresponding point in space. In primates, the superior colliculus has been studied mainly with respect to its role in directing eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or ""command"" input from the cerebral cortex, create a ""bump"" of activity in the tectal map, which, if strong enough, induces a saccadic eye movement. Even in primates, however, the tectum is also involved in generating spatially directed head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention that do not involve any overt movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes; etc.In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (""superior colliculus"") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements.Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature for the analogous structure in mammals/non-mammals (see above), using the term ""superior colliculus"" when discussing mammals and ""optic tectum"" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general.