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HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins
HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins

... p6 domain appears to play a critical role for Vpr incorporation into HIV virions.18,19 However, until now, evidence for a direct interaction between Vpr and p6 has still been missing. More recently, several studies have shown that an interaction between Vpr and the nucleocapsid protein p7 (NCp7) occ ...
Green Fluorescent Protein
Green Fluorescent Protein

... biology. It can be used as a reporter gene, cell marker, fusion tag, and for quantitative monitoring of gene expression. GFP’s fluorescence characteristic can also be used in methods designed for sensing various levels of ions or pH. As mentioned above, there have been many codon alterations perform ...
Higher plant cellulose synthases | Genome Biology | Full Text
Higher plant cellulose synthases | Genome Biology | Full Text

... thought to form a loop that extends into the cytoplasm. Within this domain are several characteristic conserved regions. There is a second variable region, approximately 50 residues in length, beginning near position 650. Also within the globular domain are the motifs indicative of processive glycos ...
The Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 1Response Signature
The Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 1Response Signature

... Imaging, Inc.)], are available for all stained cores through the accompanying Web site.7 Additional detailed information on the antibodies used, staining procedure, and scoring technique can be found in Supplementary Materials and Methods. Institutional review board approval was obtained for these s ...
Divalent Metal Ions in Plant Mitochondria and Their Role in
Divalent Metal Ions in Plant Mitochondria and Their Role in

... more susceptible to damage if they bind metal ions and when the site of protein oxidation can be defined on the protein surface that binds to the metal ions (Stadtman, 1990). One of the major consequences of MCO is the irreversible formation of reactive carbonyls on amino acid side chains (Stadtman, ...
Dietary Guidelines should reflect new understandings about adult
Dietary Guidelines should reflect new understandings about adult

... (i.e. 0.8 g/kg). However, if energy intake is reduced for weight management or during aging recommending protein as a percentage of energy is a serious error and potentially harmful. During weight loss, total daily energy intake is often below 1400 kcal/day. If the protein goal is represented as 15% ...
Article Parallel Histories of Horizontal Gene
Article Parallel Histories of Horizontal Gene

... Bacteria confined to intracellular environments experience extensive genome reduction. In extreme cases, insect endosymbionts have evolved genomes that are so gene-poor that they blur the distinction between bacteria and endosymbiotically derived organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. To unde ...
Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit Interacts with P
Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit Interacts with P

... whether TcPKAc would interact with these P-type ATPases in the yeast two-hybrid system and found that they could not interact in this system (data not shown). This indicates that interactions of TcPKAr and these P-type ATPases are specific. One of the candidates turned out to be a Na+-ATPase mediati ...
Metabolismus erytrocytů - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
Metabolismus erytrocytů - Univerzita Karlova v Praze

... Red blood cells adopt a sickle shape in a consequence of the forming haemoglobin S fibers The elongated cells tend to block capillaries, causing inflammation and considerable pain; they are fragile what leads to anemia The high incidence of sickle-cell disease coincides with a high incidence of mala ...
Research Communications
Research Communications

... expression of transgenes in plants. The targeting of transgenes into the chloroplast by using a suitable strategy with an efficient expression cassette containing all the required elements has been the need of the day. Majority (90%) of the 3000 different proteins necessary for fully functional chlo ...
Analysis of a Controlling-Element Mutation at the Adh Locus of Maize
Analysis of a Controlling-Element Mutation at the Adh Locus of Maize

... such qustions, we have selected for controlling-element mutations at the Adh locus, which specifies alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme readily amenable to biochemical analyses and characterization (SCHWARTZ 1971, 1973). This paper deals with the analysis of one such Adh mutation. It is stable in the a ...
The Gene Gateway Workbook
The Gene Gateway Workbook

... The Gene Gateway Workbook is a collection of activities with screenshots and step-by-step instructions designed to introduce new users to genetic disorder and bioinformatics resources freely available on the Web. It should take about 3 hours to complete all five activities. The workbook activities w ...
The Complement of Protein Phosphatase
The Complement of Protein Phosphatase

... 1–12) containing animal EF hand-containing protein phosphatases (PPEFs) sequences and the Drosophila melanogaster protein RdgC. A PP5 cluster (sequences 13–25) contains one Arabidopsis sequence. Sequences 26 through 29 form a cluster consisting of three bacterial sequences plus an Arabidopsis sequen ...
Protein Composition of a High-Protein Barley Flour and Barley Grain
Protein Composition of a High-Protein Barley Flour and Barley Grain

... were combined. Three replicates of the whole extraction procedure were made as follows. The barley samples were defatted with 1-butanol (2 X 10 ml g-' for 30 min, then 1 X 10 ml g-' for 60 min at 4 0C) (Shewry et al 1977). After centrifugation the residues were extracted with 0.5M NaCl (3 X 10 ml g ...
- BioMed Central
- BioMed Central

... metabolism can be used by interpreting expression levels as pixel intensities with grey values and the network topology as relationships between pixels. Image processing methods may then be applied to extract crucial features from such an image. Wavelet transforms are such an image processing method ...
C7orf30 is necessary for biogenesis of the large
C7orf30 is necessary for biogenesis of the large

... Many genetic defects can lead to perturbations of the OXPHOS system and result in multi-system, often fatal, human diseases. These genetic defects can be located within nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mtDNA. Isolated OXPHOS deficiencies, that affect a specific biochemical activity of the OXPHOS system, are usua ...
Metabolic Engineering to Modify Flower Color
Metabolic Engineering to Modify Flower Color

... often used for monocots resistant to Agrobacterium (Deroles et al. 1997). For selection, the neomycin phosophotransferase gene that confers kanamycin resistance has been most widely and successfully used as a selection marker. Herbicide-resistant genes encoding enzymes which are insensitive to the h ...
The methylcitric acid pathway in Ralstonia eutropha
The methylcitric acid pathway in Ralstonia eutropha

... proposed. This protein and also the ORF5 translational product are essential for growth on propionic acid, as revealed by the propionic-acid-negative phenotype of Tn5-insertion mutants, and are required for the conversion of 2-methylcitric acid into 2-methylisocitric acid as shown by the accumulatio ...
Introduction
Introduction

... what residues can I change and preserve function ? what is the reaction mechanism of an enzyme ? what small molecules would bind and block the enzyme ? is this protein the same shape as some other of known function ? ...
Section 5.3: Proteins
Section 5.3: Proteins

... Defense (antibodies) Regulation (insulin is a peptide hormone) Transport (membrane transporters) Storage (ovalbumin in bird eggs) Stress Response (heat shock proteins) ...
Plasmid replication and control
Plasmid replication and control

... In order for the plasmids to replicate independently within a cell, they must possess a stretch of DNA that can act as an origin of replication. The selfreplicating unit, in this case the plasmid, is called a replicon. A few types of plasmids are also capable of inserting into the host chromosome, a ...
S11. Computational Molecular Modeling- Week 5. 3
S11. Computational Molecular Modeling- Week 5. 3

... Protein Modeling Instructions,” require the instructor and students to open and manipulate ICMBrowser files provided as part of these activities (Supporting files S17 and S18). The advantage of using the easy instructions is that the instructions precisely match the 3-D structure and protein alignme ...
Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1

... Supplementary Figure 1. To obtain a more quantitative perspective on the sequence relationships between ubiquitin variants of different species, we used this phylogram to compare the protein sequences of UbS27a with the ribosomal S27a domain and with homologs to the ubiquitinlike modifier SUMO1 as a ...
Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Foods Derived
Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Foods Derived

... scientific data generated through experiments, the same needs to be supplemented from a variety of sources such as scientific literature, general technical information, independent scientists, regulatory agencies, international bodies and other interested parties. Data should be evaluated using appr ...
Replacement Matrices for Transmembrane Proteins
Replacement Matrices for Transmembrane Proteins

... Early models assumed that every site evolved at the same rate. However, we expect that functionally important regions of proteins change more slowly than unimportant ones. To accommodate rate variation across sites, we make the assumption (assumption 5) that relative rates of sites are distributed a ...
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Expression vector

An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for protein expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins.The plasmid is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the production of protein, and this may be achieve by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein. The protein may be expressed constitutively, or induced when necessary using an inducer. Escherichia coli is commonly used as the host for protein expression, other cell types however may also be used. An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
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