Catalytic, Enantioselective Alkylations of N,O- and
... Mechanism. To our surprise, the use of one equiv enol silane 4a with N,O-acetal l a did not lead to product 5a with 5 mol% 2; however, when two equiv were used, product 5a was formed in good yield. Although silyl ketene acetals can be quenched through silyl transfer reactions with alcohols, enol sil ...
... Mechanism. To our surprise, the use of one equiv enol silane 4a with N,O-acetal l a did not lead to product 5a with 5 mol% 2; however, when two equiv were used, product 5a was formed in good yield. Although silyl ketene acetals can be quenched through silyl transfer reactions with alcohols, enol sil ...
O R` R
... • Class I: Undergo nucleophilic acyl substituion. Includes carboxylic acid derivatives – (last chapter). • Class II: Do NOT contain a group that can be replaced by a nucleophile – (this chapter). O ...
... • Class I: Undergo nucleophilic acyl substituion. Includes carboxylic acid derivatives – (last chapter). • Class II: Do NOT contain a group that can be replaced by a nucleophile – (this chapter). O ...
organic chemistry reaction scheme
... *Note: Reaction is only positive for alcohol containing a methyl group attached to the carbon at which the carbonyl group is also attached i.e. methyl carbonyl compounds. For aldehydes, only ethanal will form iodoform. All methyl ketones will form iodoform. NaOH, warm R C O + CHI 3 + 3I + 3H2O R C O ...
... *Note: Reaction is only positive for alcohol containing a methyl group attached to the carbon at which the carbonyl group is also attached i.e. methyl carbonyl compounds. For aldehydes, only ethanal will form iodoform. All methyl ketones will form iodoform. NaOH, warm R C O + CHI 3 + 3I + 3H2O R C O ...
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
... configuration of carbon atom under attack inverts in much the same way as an umbrella is turned inside out when caught in a strong wind, while the leaving group is pushed away. This process is called as inversion of configuration. In the transition state, the carbon atom is simultaneously bonded to ...
... configuration of carbon atom under attack inverts in much the same way as an umbrella is turned inside out when caught in a strong wind, while the leaving group is pushed away. This process is called as inversion of configuration. In the transition state, the carbon atom is simultaneously bonded to ...
Chapter 19. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
... pushing p electrons onto oxygen ...
... pushing p electrons onto oxygen ...
69. A general approach to the enantioselective -oxidation of aldehydes via synergistic catalysis
... ethers, esters, carbamates, and phthalimides can be incorporated without significant impact on yield or selectivity (entries 3, 6, and 10–12). Surprisingly, aldehydes bearing phenyl sulfides do not undergo oxidation at sulfur under these mild conditions or interfere with the inorganic catalyst, allo ...
... ethers, esters, carbamates, and phthalimides can be incorporated without significant impact on yield or selectivity (entries 3, 6, and 10–12). Surprisingly, aldehydes bearing phenyl sulfides do not undergo oxidation at sulfur under these mild conditions or interfere with the inorganic catalyst, allo ...
CHEMISTRY 314-01 MIDTERM # 3 – answer key December 03
... 21. (5 pts) The two isomeric carboxylic acids (C5H10O2), whose 1H NMR spectra are shown below, were produced using the malonic ester synthesis. a. Propose structures for the acids. b. What alkyl halide(s) was (were) used in each case? ...
... 21. (5 pts) The two isomeric carboxylic acids (C5H10O2), whose 1H NMR spectra are shown below, were produced using the malonic ester synthesis. a. Propose structures for the acids. b. What alkyl halide(s) was (were) used in each case? ...
HCN Synthesis from Methane and Ammonia: Mechanisms of Pt
... valuable feedstock hydrogen cyanide. Mass spectrometric studies demonstrate that C-N bond formation is catalyzed efficiently by Pt+. Details of the experimentally observed reaction channels have been explored computationally using the B3LYP hybrid DFT/HF functional. In the first reaction step, Pt+ d ...
... valuable feedstock hydrogen cyanide. Mass spectrometric studies demonstrate that C-N bond formation is catalyzed efficiently by Pt+. Details of the experimentally observed reaction channels have been explored computationally using the B3LYP hybrid DFT/HF functional. In the first reaction step, Pt+ d ...
Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
... Amines are more basic than alcohols, and they react with the carboxylic acid by acidbase reaction. The resulting ammonium ions do not have lone pairs, and therefore do not act as nucleophiles. This prevents the amine from reacting with the carbonyl (C=O) carbon and forming the amide. ...
... Amines are more basic than alcohols, and they react with the carboxylic acid by acidbase reaction. The resulting ammonium ions do not have lone pairs, and therefore do not act as nucleophiles. This prevents the amine from reacting with the carbonyl (C=O) carbon and forming the amide. ...
Microwave-Assisted Esterification of N -Acetyl-L-Phenylalanine Using Modified Mukaiyama s Reagents: A New Approach Involving Ionic Liquids
... because 2-fluoro-onium is too reactive and is known to react with the alcohol directly (since it is also in excess) [42-43]. The fact that [2-ClMePy]I produced a higher yield (entry 3 in Table 1) than other IL-type coupling reagents, is probably due to its smaller anion size (I-) than others (such a ...
... because 2-fluoro-onium is too reactive and is known to react with the alcohol directly (since it is also in excess) [42-43]. The fact that [2-ClMePy]I produced a higher yield (entry 3 in Table 1) than other IL-type coupling reagents, is probably due to its smaller anion size (I-) than others (such a ...
aq - Haverford Alchemy
... the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic species with the ones shown in the diagram. Solve: The diagram shows twice as many cations as anions, consistent with the formulation K 2SO4. Aqueous Check: Notice that the total net charge in the diagram is zero, as it must be if it ...
... the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic species with the ones shown in the diagram. Solve: The diagram shows twice as many cations as anions, consistent with the formulation K 2SO4. Aqueous Check: Notice that the total net charge in the diagram is zero, as it must be if it ...
Some more basic organic (more naming, reactions, polymers)
... 1,1,2,2-tetrachloropropane CH3CHBrCH3 2-bromopropane ...
... 1,1,2,2-tetrachloropropane CH3CHBrCH3 2-bromopropane ...
First palladium- and nickel-catalyzed oxidative
... amination of aryl and alkenyl groups [22], which usually requires higher reaction temperatures, especially for electron-demanding nitrogen groups. In addition, the present protocols for diamination do not require ligand fine-tuning, but rather proceed under ligand-free conditions. In summary, we hav ...
... amination of aryl and alkenyl groups [22], which usually requires higher reaction temperatures, especially for electron-demanding nitrogen groups. In addition, the present protocols for diamination do not require ligand fine-tuning, but rather proceed under ligand-free conditions. In summary, we hav ...
Module 2 Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions
... 2.1.1 Carbonyl-Ene Reaction Chiral Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective ene reaction is one of the efficient methods for atom economical carbon-carbon bond formation. For example, TiBINOL prepared in situ catalyzes efficiently the carbonyl-ene reaction of glyoxylate with -methylstyrene in the pres ...
... 2.1.1 Carbonyl-Ene Reaction Chiral Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective ene reaction is one of the efficient methods for atom economical carbon-carbon bond formation. For example, TiBINOL prepared in situ catalyzes efficiently the carbonyl-ene reaction of glyoxylate with -methylstyrene in the pres ...
- Thieme Connect
... presence of an ammonia source. Thus treatment of aromatic aldehydes with aqueous ammonia and iodine and hydrogen peroxide gave amides in excellent yields.2 Other ways to afford this transformation consist of conversion of aldehydes and primary alcohols into amides via reaction with ammonium carbonat ...
... presence of an ammonia source. Thus treatment of aromatic aldehydes with aqueous ammonia and iodine and hydrogen peroxide gave amides in excellent yields.2 Other ways to afford this transformation consist of conversion of aldehydes and primary alcohols into amides via reaction with ammonium carbonat ...
Organic compounds containing Nitrogen
... (iii) Aniline and N-methylamiline. Ans. i) Methylamine and dimethyl amine by isocyanide test: Methyl amine (primary) responds to carbyl amaine reaction. When heated with chloroform and KOH, it produces foul smell. Dimethyl amine (secondary) does not respond to this test. ...
... (iii) Aniline and N-methylamiline. Ans. i) Methylamine and dimethyl amine by isocyanide test: Methyl amine (primary) responds to carbyl amaine reaction. When heated with chloroform and KOH, it produces foul smell. Dimethyl amine (secondary) does not respond to this test. ...
Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones.
... • The reaction follows the same two-step process as opening of epoxide rings with other negatively charged nucleophiles—that is, nucleophilic attack from the back side of the epoxide, followed by protonation of the resulting alkoxide. • In unsymmetrical epoxides, nucleophilic attack occurs at the le ...
... • The reaction follows the same two-step process as opening of epoxide rings with other negatively charged nucleophiles—that is, nucleophilic attack from the back side of the epoxide, followed by protonation of the resulting alkoxide. • In unsymmetrical epoxides, nucleophilic attack occurs at the le ...
Catalysts 1
... also been successfully used. In 2004, Phukan used iodine as a catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions [34]. There have also been reports on the acylation of alcohols using acetic anhydride, catalyzed by silica gel supported Ce(SO4)2, Ti(SO4)2, Fe2(SO4)3, and NaHSO4 [35 ...
... also been successfully used. In 2004, Phukan used iodine as a catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols under solvent-free conditions [34]. There have also been reports on the acylation of alcohols using acetic anhydride, catalyzed by silica gel supported Ce(SO4)2, Ti(SO4)2, Fe2(SO4)3, and NaHSO4 [35 ...
Chem 314 Preorganic Evaluation
... special features: biomolecular kinetics (Rate = kE2[RX][B-], single step concerted reaction, competing reaction is SN2 favored reactivity: 3oRX > 2o RX > 1oRX (none at CH3X, need Cβ-H), 1oRX will produce mainly SN2 product excet for mostly E2 with the sterically hindered and highly basic potassium t ...
... special features: biomolecular kinetics (Rate = kE2[RX][B-], single step concerted reaction, competing reaction is SN2 favored reactivity: 3oRX > 2o RX > 1oRX (none at CH3X, need Cβ-H), 1oRX will produce mainly SN2 product excet for mostly E2 with the sterically hindered and highly basic potassium t ...
Alcohols , Phenols and Ethers
... alkene too easily. This method is not useful for the praparation of unsymmetrical ethers from primary alcohols because the reaction leads to a mixture of products. ...
... alkene too easily. This method is not useful for the praparation of unsymmetrical ethers from primary alcohols because the reaction leads to a mixture of products. ...
In the bachelor thesis of Esther Schippers, research is
... therefore also be soluble in aqueous solvents. To achieve this, for instance an ionic charge can be brought in the molecule. Ions are often good soluble in aqueous solutions. 3. The scaffold should have a part of the molecule that can easily be synthesized with another functional group. When differe ...
... therefore also be soluble in aqueous solvents. To achieve this, for instance an ionic charge can be brought in the molecule. Ions are often good soluble in aqueous solutions. 3. The scaffold should have a part of the molecule that can easily be synthesized with another functional group. When differe ...
- University at Albany
... Factors influencing what products are formed Substrate/steric effects Strength of nucleophile vs. basicity of ...
... Factors influencing what products are formed Substrate/steric effects Strength of nucleophile vs. basicity of ...
this PDF file
... Due to the importance of phenolic compounds in several industries, various researchers have tried to produce phenol by other methods such as benzene oxidation. The consumption of phenolic compounds produced from catalyzed oxidation of benzene reached 31% in the USA in 1994. The process of direct hyd ...
... Due to the importance of phenolic compounds in several industries, various researchers have tried to produce phenol by other methods such as benzene oxidation. The consumption of phenolic compounds produced from catalyzed oxidation of benzene reached 31% in the USA in 1994. The process of direct hyd ...
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... © 2008 Thomson Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Thomson Learning WebTutorTM is a trademark of Thomson Learning, Inc. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006938700 ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.