Enteric infections: prevention and management
... διαρροή = leakage; lit. "to run through") • Diarrhea: is loosely defined as passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency. For adults on a typical Western diet, stool weight >200 g/d can generally be considered diarrheal. ...
... διαρροή = leakage; lit. "to run through") • Diarrhea: is loosely defined as passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency. For adults on a typical Western diet, stool weight >200 g/d can generally be considered diarrheal. ...
Diseases of the Digestive System
... • Peptic Ulcers – Epidemiology – Fecal-oral transmission is likely – Stress may worsen ulcer symptoms ...
... • Peptic Ulcers – Epidemiology – Fecal-oral transmission is likely – Stress may worsen ulcer symptoms ...
Five postulates for resolving outbreaks of infectious disease
... may be inadequate. The recreational use of injected drugs may be falsely denied. It is telling evidence if an individual who was unaffected received a different food or other preparation to those affected, or was absent at a critical time. Such nuggets of ‘negative’ information are often more valuab ...
... may be inadequate. The recreational use of injected drugs may be falsely denied. It is telling evidence if an individual who was unaffected received a different food or other preparation to those affected, or was absent at a critical time. Such nuggets of ‘negative’ information are often more valuab ...
ID_3227_Infectious diseases test_English_sem_7
... Asymmetric conjunctivitis Severe symptoms of intoxication Influenza, unlike measles, characterized by: "barking" cough The presence of a rash Koplik's spots Long duration Symptom of Morozkin For adenoviral infection, in contrast to parainfluenza, not typical: Enlarged tonsils Acute and long-term cou ...
... Asymmetric conjunctivitis Severe symptoms of intoxication Influenza, unlike measles, characterized by: "barking" cough The presence of a rash Koplik's spots Long duration Symptom of Morozkin For adenoviral infection, in contrast to parainfluenza, not typical: Enlarged tonsils Acute and long-term cou ...
Smallpox
... Smallpox, which is believed to have originated over 3,000 years ago in India or Egypt, is one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity. For centuries, repeated epidemics swept across continents, decimating populations and changing the course of history. In some ancient cultures, smallpox w ...
... Smallpox, which is believed to have originated over 3,000 years ago in India or Egypt, is one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity. For centuries, repeated epidemics swept across continents, decimating populations and changing the course of history. In some ancient cultures, smallpox w ...
African Tick Bite Fever in Travelers to Rural Sub
... of these, 83 presented for medical evaluation. Thirty-eight travelers (4.0% of the cohort and 26.6% of those reporting flulike symptoms) had ATBF diagnosed (27 with confirmed ATBF and 11 with probable ATBF). In addition, 12 travelers had nonspecific SFG rickettsiosis diagnosed, resulting in an overa ...
... of these, 83 presented for medical evaluation. Thirty-eight travelers (4.0% of the cohort and 26.6% of those reporting flulike symptoms) had ATBF diagnosed (27 with confirmed ATBF and 11 with probable ATBF). In addition, 12 travelers had nonspecific SFG rickettsiosis diagnosed, resulting in an overa ...
Asplenia/Hyposplenism
... Patients who are receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and require additional vaccines due to asplenia/hyposplenism should receive immunisation as per the attached table and then receive additional post-chemotherapy booster vaccines as recommended in the AIH (see Australian Im ...
... Patients who are receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and require additional vaccines due to asplenia/hyposplenism should receive immunisation as per the attached table and then receive additional post-chemotherapy booster vaccines as recommended in the AIH (see Australian Im ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... over the world. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the spectrum of perforation peritonitis managed in People’s hospital of PCMS &RC, Bhopal along with NSAD induced GI perforations. Method: This retrospective study conducted at People’s hospital of People’s college of medical sciences ...
... over the world. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the spectrum of perforation peritonitis managed in People’s hospital of PCMS &RC, Bhopal along with NSAD induced GI perforations. Method: This retrospective study conducted at People’s hospital of People’s college of medical sciences ...
Are you prepared? - Wisconsin Association of Osteopathic
... Because it is a live virus, there can be adverse events from vaccination Occurs mostly in immunologically suppressed persons ...
... Because it is a live virus, there can be adverse events from vaccination Occurs mostly in immunologically suppressed persons ...
boostrix -ipv
... poliovirus infection, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people. All medicines and vaccines can have side effects. Sometimes they are serious; most of the time they are not. Some side effects may need medical treatment. The chance of you or your child having a serious side effect is very ...
... poliovirus infection, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people. All medicines and vaccines can have side effects. Sometimes they are serious; most of the time they are not. Some side effects may need medical treatment. The chance of you or your child having a serious side effect is very ...
4-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Jan 2010).
... • Increased travel by airplane resulting in frequent exchange of dengue viruses and other pathogens • Inadequate mosquito control services • The emergence of resistance to insecticides linked to their increased misuse. 6-Jul-17 ...
... • Increased travel by airplane resulting in frequent exchange of dengue viruses and other pathogens • Inadequate mosquito control services • The emergence of resistance to insecticides linked to their increased misuse. 6-Jul-17 ...
communicable disease exclusion guidelines
... Fecal-Oral. Contaminated hand-to-mouth contact. Related to poor hygiene. Common source outbreaks have been related to infected foodservice workers, contaminated food or water. Incubation variable depending on organism Communicable variable depending on organism ...
... Fecal-Oral. Contaminated hand-to-mouth contact. Related to poor hygiene. Common source outbreaks have been related to infected foodservice workers, contaminated food or water. Incubation variable depending on organism Communicable variable depending on organism ...
Skin and measles - JPAD - Journal of Pakistan association of
... conjunctivitis and photophobia.6 During the initial two to three days the pathognomonic Koplik’s spots are also seen in the buccal mucosa.6 The typical maculopapular rash starts from behind the ears and along the hairline. It spreads in cephalocaudal pattern to involve the face, trunk and limbs over ...
... conjunctivitis and photophobia.6 During the initial two to three days the pathognomonic Koplik’s spots are also seen in the buccal mucosa.6 The typical maculopapular rash starts from behind the ears and along the hairline. It spreads in cephalocaudal pattern to involve the face, trunk and limbs over ...
Measles and its cutaneous presentations
... conjunctivitis and photophobia.6 During the initial two to three days the pathognomonic Koplik’s spots are also seen in the buccal mucosa.6 The typical maculopapular rash starts from behind the ears and along the hairline. It spreads in cephalocaudal pattern to involve the face, trunk and limbs over ...
... conjunctivitis and photophobia.6 During the initial two to three days the pathognomonic Koplik’s spots are also seen in the buccal mucosa.6 The typical maculopapular rash starts from behind the ears and along the hairline. It spreads in cephalocaudal pattern to involve the face, trunk and limbs over ...
Prognostic Factors and Clinical Features of Non
... were independent risk factors of death in a previous study.16 In this study, a patient was more likely to die of Salmonella bacteremia when they had ≥ 1 of the following factors: age ≥ 65 years, immunosuppressed status, inadequate antibiotic treatment, and presence of septic shock, coma or acute res ...
... were independent risk factors of death in a previous study.16 In this study, a patient was more likely to die of Salmonella bacteremia when they had ≥ 1 of the following factors: age ≥ 65 years, immunosuppressed status, inadequate antibiotic treatment, and presence of septic shock, coma or acute res ...
Fact Sheet: MMR Vaccine
... People obtain immunity by catching measles, or by being immunised with the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine. You are considered immune to measles if: o You were born before 1969, or o You have been diagnosed by a GP as having had measles and recovered, or o You have received two doses of the ...
... People obtain immunity by catching measles, or by being immunised with the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine. You are considered immune to measles if: o You were born before 1969, or o You have been diagnosed by a GP as having had measles and recovered, or o You have received two doses of the ...
Pediatric Exanthems
... – Children: absent to mild – Adolescent & adult: fever, malaise, sore throat, nausea, anorexia, painful occipital LAD ...
... – Children: absent to mild – Adolescent & adult: fever, malaise, sore throat, nausea, anorexia, painful occipital LAD ...
Facts about Pneumonic Plague
... also occur if a person with bubonic or septicemic plague is untreated and the bacteria spread to the lungs. Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. This occurs when an infected flea bites a person or when materials contaminated with Y. pestis enter through a break in a person's skin. Patie ...
... also occur if a person with bubonic or septicemic plague is untreated and the bacteria spread to the lungs. Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. This occurs when an infected flea bites a person or when materials contaminated with Y. pestis enter through a break in a person's skin. Patie ...
SMALLPOX - the chris hobbs site
... Smallpox killed Queen Mary II of England, Emperor Joseph I of Austria, King Luis I of Spain, Tsar Peter II of Russia, Queen Ulrika Elenora of Sweden, and King Louis XV of France. The disease, for which no effective treatment was ever developed, killed as many as 30% of those infected. Between 65–80% ...
... Smallpox killed Queen Mary II of England, Emperor Joseph I of Austria, King Luis I of Spain, Tsar Peter II of Russia, Queen Ulrika Elenora of Sweden, and King Louis XV of France. The disease, for which no effective treatment was ever developed, killed as many as 30% of those infected. Between 65–80% ...
Ebola and other viral haemorrhagic fevers
... Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe and South Africa. In the 1960s cases were also reported in Germany and Belgrade. Natural reservoir: animal, most likely bats. Person to person transmission can occur through contact with bodily fluids ...
... Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe and South Africa. In the 1960s cases were also reported in Germany and Belgrade. Natural reservoir: animal, most likely bats. Person to person transmission can occur through contact with bodily fluids ...
Vol. 36, No. 3: September 2011 - National Foundation for Infectious
... Since 2010 pertussis has made a significant comeback with outbreaks in California and in many other states. In 2010 more than 9,000 cases of pertussis were reported in California alone, more than had been seen in the state since 1947. Among these cases were 10 infant deaths resulting from pertussis. ...
... Since 2010 pertussis has made a significant comeback with outbreaks in California and in many other states. In 2010 more than 9,000 cases of pertussis were reported in California alone, more than had been seen in the state since 1947. Among these cases were 10 infant deaths resulting from pertussis. ...
Bacterial colonization and endotoxin activity during T. RESEARCH COMMUNICATION
... Bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental Salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens . These parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL), respectively. ...
... Bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental Salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens . These parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL), respectively. ...
Estimating the incidence of waterborne infectious disease related to
... 1800s, England watched with fearful anticipation as the great cholera pandemics swept through Asia and finally crossed into Europe. The first cases of cholera in England provided the impetus for legislation establishing local boards of public health throughout the country. In the early 1900s, gastro ...
... 1800s, England watched with fearful anticipation as the great cholera pandemics swept through Asia and finally crossed into Europe. The first cases of cholera in England provided the impetus for legislation establishing local boards of public health throughout the country. In the early 1900s, gastro ...
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a symptomatic bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe and usually begin six to thirty days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. Weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, and headaches also commonly occur. Diarrhea and vomiting are uncommon. Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases there may be confusion. Without treatment symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacterium without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid fever is a type of enteric fever along with paratyphoid fever.The cause is the bacterium Salmonella typhi, also known as Salmonella enterica serotype typhi, growing in the intestines and blood. Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Risk factors include poor sanitation and poor hygiene. Those who travel to the developing world are also at risk. Humans are the only animal infected. Diagnosis is by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacterium's DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. Culturing the bacterium can be difficult. Bone marrow testing is the most accurate. Symptoms are similar to that of many other infectious diseases. Typhus is a different disease.A typhoid vaccine can prevent about 50% to 70% of cases. The vaccine may be effective for up to seven years. It is recommended for those at high risk or people traveling to areas where the disease is common. Other efforts to prevent the disease include providing clean drinking water, better sanitation, and better handwashing. Until it has been confirmed that an individual's infection is cleared, the individual should not prepare food for others. Treatment of disease is with antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins. Resistance to these antibiotics has been developing, which has made treatment of the disease more difficult.In 2010 there were 27 million cases reported. The disease is most common in India, and children are most commonly affected. Rates of disease decreased in the developed world in the 1940s as a result of improved sanitation and use of antibiotics to treat the disease. About 400 cases are reported and the disease is estimated to occur in about 6,000 people per year in the United States. In 2013 it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990 (about 0.3% of the global total). The risk of death may be as high as 25% without treatment, while with treatment it is between 1 and 4%. The name typhoid means ""resembling typhus"" due to the similarity in symptoms.