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HIV & AIDS - Nursing Courses
HIV & AIDS - Nursing Courses

... Public Health Agency of Canada. HIV and AIDS in Canada. Surveillance report to June 30, 2006. Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, November 2006 Health Canada. HIV/AIDS EPI Updates, August 2006, Surveillance and Risk Assessme ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

... Leading Cause of MRSA Staph is a common bacteria that lives in our body. In fact, 25-30% of people already have the bacteria in their noses. Staph can become a problem if it manages to get into the body. This can happen through a cut or big wounds. Staph first appeared in Hospitals and eventually f ...
North Carolina Division of Public Health
North Carolina Division of Public Health

... Tel 919-733-7301 • Fax 919-733-1020 Location: 225 N. McDowell Street • Raleigh, NC 27603 Mailing Address: 1902 Mail Service Center • Raleigh, NC 27699-1902 An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer ...
serological status of egg drop syndrome
serological status of egg drop syndrome

... A serological survey was conducted to see the prevalence of antibodies to egg drop syndrome (EDS) virus in breeders and commercial layers in Mansehra district. A total of 50 flocks including broiler breeder (30), layer breeder (10) and commercial layers (10) were surveyed from September, 2002 to Mar ...
Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)
Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)

... described in 1980 (Poiez et al., 1980) and since then has been identified on all five continents, with an estimated of 15 to 20 million infected people (Gessain, 1996). The areas are characterized as endemic, where the prevalence ranging from 0.5 to 20% in the population, depending on age and gender ...
Surveillance - Curry International Tuberculosis Center
Surveillance - Curry International Tuberculosis Center

... there is an increase in the expected number of TB cases, one of the criteria for determining if an outbreak is occurring. For an increase in the expected number of TB cases to be identified, the local epidemiology of TB should be understood. Detection of a TB outbreak in an area in which prevalence ...
Processing of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) pVP2
Processing of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) pVP2

... played a key role in capsid assemblage. The size and morphology of subviral particles were similar to T=1 icosahedral particles formed by VP2 protein, suggesting that when there was not enough VP3 protein for the formation of IBDV-like particles, the excessive VP2 protein formed subviral particles. ...
Molecular Characterization and Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Molecular Characterization and Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

... This thesis deals with the molecular characterization and detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an important pathogen that causes heavy losses in the poultry populations worldwide. The aim of the research was to better understand the molecular characteristics of the virus and to investigat ...
Noncommunicable Diseases, Poverty and the Development Agenda
Noncommunicable Diseases, Poverty and the Development Agenda

... 2.1 Since 1950, the world has experienced unprecedented epidemiologic changes that define the modern era. First, child mortality fell, and life expectancy increased by 20 years in the last 6 decades – far more than in any previous time in all of human history. Second, fertility rates declined, slowi ...
+ Dr. Karen Lee | The Role of Design and Infrastructure in
+ Dr. Karen Lee | The Role of Design and Infrastructure in

... The Results: Infectious disease successes BEFORE the wide use of ...
West Nile virus - Home Health Monitoring Products
West Nile virus - Home Health Monitoring Products

... in children, there are a number of cases that progress to serious life-threatening states of the disease. As IgM to HHV-6 can cross react with a number of other viral antigens such as CMV and EBV, testing of both HHV-6 IgG and IgM affords the physician with a clearer picture as to whether an individ ...
Objectives in PDF format
Objectives in PDF format

... ...
Fish Health and Ecosystem Dysfunction
Fish Health and Ecosystem Dysfunction

... Although a lack of information exists on the ecology of disease in Great Lakes fish populations, how to best collect information describing the ecology of fish diseases is unclear (Stephen and Thorburn 2002). Monitoring programs cannot feasibly be developed for all potential diseases in all species ...
Psychiatric Lyme
Psychiatric Lyme

... • Is there an absence of a personal history or family history of major psychiatric disturbances? Negative answers to these questions do not rule out the presence of Lyme disease and co-infections. But a “yes” to most of the questions, especially in a patient with an out-ofdoors lifestyle or a p ...
Coccidioidomycosis Outbreak among United States Navy SEALs
Coccidioidomycosis Outbreak among United States Navy SEALs

... despite the fact that x-rays were taken ∼2 months after symptom onset. Pulmonary disease is the most common form of the infection and can include lobar or multilobar parenchymal consolidation, solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules, thin- or thickwalled cavities, hilar or mediastinal adenopathy, and ...
lymphadenopathy
lymphadenopathy

... in the abdomen. The spleen may also be enlarged. It is often discovered incidentally on a routine blood test, then the diagnosis is confirmed by further blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy. There is no great urgency in treatment until the level of abnormal leucocytes reach certain levels, then cyto ...
Study Session 3 Bacterial Vaccine
Study Session 3 Bacterial Vaccine

... In populations over 30,000 people, a meningitis epidemic is defined as 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per week; or in smaller populations, five cases in one week or an increase in the number compared to the same period in previous years. The disease occurs globally, but in sub-Saharan Africa, meni ...
The Child with a Rash
The Child with a Rash

... HSP is an IgA mediated vasculitis most common in children. The underlying cause is unknown but it may follow recent infection or vaccinations. When it does occur in older children or adolescents the disease tends to be more severe and associated with more renal complications. ...
How do people become infected with plague? What is the basic
How do people become infected with plague? What is the basic

... What is the incubation period for plague? A person usually becomes ill with bubonic plague 2 to 6 days after being infected. Someone exposed to Yersinia pestis through the air would become ill within 1 to 3 days. When bubonic plague is left untreated, plague bacteria can invade the bloodstream. When ...
A serological survey for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus
A serological survey for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus

... In this study, 85.3% of the domestic village chickens tested were seropositive for IBV, which is almost the same as the results reported by Wunderwald and Hoop (2002). Our result is however, higher than the prevalence reported by Gutierrez-Ruiz et al., (2000) and Thekisoe et al., (2003). The chicken ...
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease

... to a variety of symptoms, severely affecting your health and well being. As kidney function deteriorates, your physician will prescribe medications and perhaps some dietary changes to relieve these symptoms. Some people with ADPKD may develop liver cysts. This is more common in women, develops at an ...
major histocompatibility alleles associated with local
major histocompatibility alleles associated with local

... incidence and geographic range of arthropod-borne diseases, such as those carried by mosquitoes (Benning et al. 2002). As a result, we expect more susceptible hosts to be infected as temperatures increase (Daszak and Cunningham 2000). Malaria parasites are a major cause of human mortality in tropica ...
Pompe Disease: What You Need to Know
Pompe Disease: What You Need to Know

... Early death caused by heart or breathing complications (often by the age of 1 or 2) ...
1. OSHA requires a minimum of training of dental - Linn
1. OSHA requires a minimum of training of dental - Linn

... • B. Dates on which the training sessions took place • C. The names and qualifications of the trainer • D. The content of each training session • E. The names and job titles of the trainees ...
Full text - Ip Lab - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Full text - Ip Lab - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

... elsewhere [11]. The research protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Hong Kong. The cells were allowed to differentiate for 14 days in vitro. Differentiated macrophages were infected at an MOI of 2. After 30 min of virus adsorption, the virus inoculum was removed, and the ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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