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Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV
Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV

... The immunogenicity and protective capability of several baculovirus-expressed infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-derived assemblies as VP2 capsids, VPX tubules and polyprotein (PP)-derived mixed structures, were tested. Four-week-old chickens were immunised subcutaneously with one dose of each p ...
Vaccination of healthcare workers
Vaccination of healthcare workers

... workers who may be exposed to specific infectious agents, or workers assigned to the outer Torres Strait Islands for a total of 30 days or more during the wet season may require additional vaccinations to those outlined in this guideline. For further information, refer to the current version of The ...
On the concept and elucidation of endogenous retroviruses
On the concept and elucidation of endogenous retroviruses

... selection. Hence the virus will appear to be xenotropic in that it can potentially infect cells of naive species. It is interesting that exogenous, infectious gamma-retroviruses have not been found in humans, which is likely due to restrictions other than receptors in primary cells [47]. Xenotropic ...
Hustling for Health. Developing Services for Sex
Hustling for Health. Developing Services for Sex

... genitourinary medicine department at High Wycombe (5500 new attendances per annum) between 1991 and 1998; the fifth patient presented to the Oxford genitourinary medicine department (9000 new attendances per annum) in 1997. None of the patients had an occupational history that placed them at higher ...
Immunization for the Elderly - Sarasota Memorial Health Care System
Immunization for the Elderly - Sarasota Memorial Health Care System

... number of older persons is increasing, particularly persons ages ⬎85 years.5 Influenza-related deaths can result from pneumonia and from exacerbations of cardiopulmonary conditions. Influenza and its complications can be prevented with either influenza vaccination or antiviral prophylaxis with neuro ...
MRSA
MRSA

... and MRSA infections are treatable with antibiotics, but the antibiotics prescribed should be finished completely, even if the infection is getting better, unless your health care provider tells you otherwise. Do not share unfinished antibiotics with others or “save” antibiotics for another time. Whe ...
How to respond to radiological, biological and chemical threats: guide for the European
How to respond to radiological, biological and chemical threats: guide for the European

... issues. The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens was responsible for the management and coordination of the project as well as for the cooperation of the whole partnership with the European Commission (Directorate for Public Health), which co-financed the project. The aim of the present ha ...
Infection Control Resource
Infection Control Resource

... Influenza viruses are spread from person to person primarily through large- particle respiratory droplet transmission ( e.g. when an infected person coughs or sneezes near a susceptible person) Transmission via large-particle droplets requires close contact between source and recipient person, as la ...
FAQ for Malaria - WHO South
FAQ for Malaria - WHO South

... protected in their first few months of life by the antibodies of their immune mothers. After that they gradually develop their own immunity over the years, if they do not die from the disease. The immunity is reversible, and fully "immune" adults who leave malarious areas are known to return to a st ...
Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder
Isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder

... Traxler et al., 1998; Wolf, 1988). Salmonids have been shown to harbour these viruses, especially in freshwater hatcheries or in marine net pens where the viruses can spread rapidly, sometimes resulting in high mortality. However, little is known about the host range of these viruses among various s ...
HIFA and Community Dermatology Journal
HIFA and Community Dermatology Journal

... Transmitted Disease) Treatment Guidelines, UK BASHH (British Association for Sexual Health and HIV) and IUSTI (International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections) Guidelines. All are accessible on the Web (see end of article). The advice given is concise and the main source of reference is ...
Dermatologic Bacterial Emergencies
Dermatologic Bacterial Emergencies

... Direct skin infection Toxin mediated cutaneous eruption Secondary skin infection of a primary skin disease Manifestation of primary infection of another organ system Reactive skin condition from antigen/immune mediated process ...
Anemia * It*s not IMHA??? - VetCare Internal Medicine
Anemia * It*s not IMHA??? - VetCare Internal Medicine

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

... Recent investigations have demonstrated that asthma, ongoing inflammation in the lung, or the presence of other diseases may hasten the progression of COPD. Clinical trials suggest that medications may alter the natural history of disease. Learning more about the basic biology of inflammation and ho ...
Epidemiological Safety Law.
Epidemiological Safety Law.

... (1) The State Sanitary Inspection is a State administrative institution subject to the control of the Ministry of Welfare, which shall operate in accordance with by-laws approved by the Cabinet. (2) Within the field of epidemiological safety, the State Sanitary Inspection shall control the implement ...
The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the
The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the

... indeed taken pla ce, what could have produced it? It has been suggested that the relatively high proportion of people in the piopulation who have serum penicillin levels at any tinne may serve to interrupt the chain of transmission, wrhich is often also associated with enhanced virulenc :e. If this ...
DOI 10 - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio
DOI 10 - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio

... al. 2000; Solano-Gallego et al. 2006). These disease agents might not only decrease the persistence of local wildcat populations through increased mortality but also in more subtle ways, e.g., altering the behavior or reducing the body condition and fitness of infected individuals (Scott 1988). Furt ...
Geographic Information Systems and Pandemic Influenza
Geographic Information Systems and Pandemic Influenza

... According to WHO, the 2009 influenza pandemic has spread internationally with unprecedented speed. According to CDC, H1N1 is a new flu virus of swine origin that was first detected in April 2009 and has spread from person to person. It is thought that H1N1 spreads in the same way that regular season ...
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile

... shed organisms, contaminate environment ...
Analyzing longitudinal data with patients in different disease states
Analyzing longitudinal data with patients in different disease states

... Received 13 February 2009 Accepted 3 September 2009 ...
Leprosy Alert and Response Network System (LEARNS)
Leprosy Alert and Response Network System (LEARNS)

... of new patients diagnosed with leprosy has plateaued over the last decade at about 200,000-250,000 per year. In several countries across Asia and Africa, leprosy remains endemic in high-burden pockets. Now, the challenge of covering the last mile to make leprosy history is to interrupt its transmiss ...
Genetic analysis and comparative virulence of infectious salmon
Genetic analysis and comparative virulence of infectious salmon

... insertion [10]. ISAV-HPR0 replicates mainly in the gills causing only transient subclinical infection [16]. This virus has been detected in apparently healthy wild and farmed Atlantic salmon in most regions with Atlantic salmon aquaculture [20], and is considered to have ancestral relationship with ...
Kinds of STIs
Kinds of STIs

... The FDA has licensed a vaccine for use in girls and young women ages 9 to 26. The vaccine protects against the four types of HPV virus that cause 70 percent of cervical cancers and 90 percent of genital warts. Research is ongoing to see if the HPV vaccine has benefits for males. Chlamydia The most c ...
Ebola virus disease in pregnancy
Ebola virus disease in pregnancy

... There is no evidence to show that women who survive EVD and subsequently become pregnant pose a risk for Ebola virus transmission. However, pregnant women with active EVD and pregnant women who survive EVD without pregnancy loss may transmit the virus during delivery and/or management of obstetric c ...
The Impact and Reduction of Trypanosomiasis Infection
The Impact and Reduction of Trypanosomiasis Infection

... Introduction III ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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