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Zika virus disease epidemic
Zika virus disease epidemic

... through organs donated by living or deceased donors should be recognised and assessed during a predonation evaluation and balanced against the benefits of the transplantation for each potential recipient. Laboratory screening of SoHO donors/donations Commercial Zika tests for screening are still und ...
15 Annual Meeting of the National Reference Laboratories for Fish
15 Annual Meeting of the National Reference Laboratories for Fish

... The Questionnaire on Surveillance and Diagnosis (S&D) which is collated annually is the only comprehensive overview of the disease situation in aquaculture in Europe. The information has been made available on the EURL web site (www.eurl-fish.eu), where all raw data can be obtained. The S&D have evo ...
INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL (IBM): AN ALTERNATIVE
INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL (IBM): AN ALTERNATIVE

... (Becker et al., 2005; Becker and Starczak, 1998), are dangerous and pose a scientific challenge because they are unpredictable and their spread occurs over a short period of time. Moreover, diseases that have been considered eliminated, such as Tuberculosis, are still being cause of thousands of dea ...
What You Need to Know about Ebola
What You Need to Know about Ebola

... What You Need to Know about Ebola The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history This outbreak is affecting multiple countries in West Africa, and CDC has confirmed the first travelassociated case of Ebola to be diagnosed in the United States. About half the people who have gotten Ebola in this o ...
National Communicable Disease Surveillance Manual
National Communicable Disease Surveillance Manual

... close to real time as possible. It is probably more appropriate to think of our national communicable disease surveillance and control system as a health security system. The system demands accurate and rapid intelligence. This intelligence must be available in a system that can see and respond rapi ...
Enter the Fourth Horseman: Health Security and International
Enter the Fourth Horseman: Health Security and International

... are staggering. The change in life expectancy is perhaps the most dramatic. In many southern African countries, AIDS has wiped out all progress that states had made toward increasing life expectancy. Rising steadily since independence, many countries in the region now have life expectancy rates at o ...
EMS/AHPNS: Infectious Disease Caused By Bacteria
EMS/AHPNS: Infectious Disease Caused By Bacteria

... causative agent for AHPNS as a unique strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that can produce toxins responsible for the primary pathology in affected shrimp. Infected live shrimp and fresh shrimp tissues can transmit the disease to “clean” shrimp, but the agent is inactivated by freezing and thawing. Af ...
Viral Vector Policy #110.1
Viral Vector Policy #110.1

... and one of the most common human viruses. EBV are enveloped, icosahedral viruses with a doublestranded linear DNA genome. The virus is found worldwide, and most people become infected with EBV sometime during their lives, most commonly causing infectious mononucleosis - acute viral syndrome with fev ...
Shingles • Introduction • Transmission • Signs and Symptoms
Shingles • Introduction • Transmission • Signs and Symptoms

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Cats
Cats

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Microbial Agents Associated with Waterborne Diseases
Microbial Agents Associated with Waterborne Diseases

... the etiologic agent of Legionnaires’ disease and probably with nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium. The infectious dose of historic enteric bacteria are in the range of 107 to 108 cells but much lower with some species, including Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., and enterohemor ...
UExcel Official Content Guide for Microbiology
UExcel Official Content Guide for Microbiology

... are typically phrased. The sample questions do not sample the entire content of the exam and are not intended to serve as an entire practice test. After the sample questions, you will find rationales for them (with the correct answer printed in bold). The rationales explain why the answer is correct ...
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIBODY TITRE AFTER IBDV
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... The values of the antibodies titers at day 7 after the vaccination were raising proportionally with number of doses for the chickens vaccinated trough oral via, and to a little extent for the chickens vaccinated trough intra-conjunctiva via. The values of antibodies titers obtained for oral vaccinat ...
World Journal of Gastroenterology
World Journal of Gastroenterology

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Syphilis
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... Syphilis is a sexually transmissible infection caused by bacteria. If it is not treated, syphilis can cause serious, irreversible damage. Syphilis is not common in Australia, but it is increasing in some men who have sex with men. Are there any symptoms? The symptoms of syphilis often go unnoticed. ...
Measuring contact patterns with wearable sensors: methods, data
Measuring contact patterns with wearable sensors: methods, data

... assumption that all individuals are in contact with one another: any two individuals are assumed to be connected, with a weight that depends only on their relative classes. The cumulative duration of contacts between two individuals, however, fluctuates strongly, even when their role classes are fix ...
INTRODUCTION - Aspenbloom Pet Care
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... immunization for small pox and polio saw the epidemics end along with those countries that mandated it; vaccines were clearly not the sole determining factor. In fact, both small pox and polio immunization campaigns were followed by significant disease incidence increases. After smallpox vaccination ...
About Scleroderma.doc
About Scleroderma.doc

... Factors other than sex such as race and ethnicity may influence the risk of getting scleroderma, the age of onset and the pattern or severity of internal organ involvement. The reasons for this are unclear. Although scleroderma is not directly inherited, some scientists believe there is a slight pre ...
Aalborg Universitet
Aalborg Universitet

... sources changed over time; the risk from broiler meat and pork diminished and the risk from eggs increased [5, 27]. In spite of these and other putative changes during the study period, we found that seasonal variation for GE outpatients remained quite constant from year to year. The seasonal variat ...
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other blood
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other blood

... Estimated numbers of HCWs vary, with a World Health Organization (WHO) figure of 35 million rising to as many as 100 million if all healthcare-related staff are included, in addition to the doctors, nurses, and midwives in active practice. If we assume that the prevalence rates are at least similar ...
Arthritis in Children
Arthritis in Children

... up in the morning and won’t walk, but later on in the day she is much better. She has had no fever. On exam, she is happy and playful until you examine her right knee, which is swollen and warm and has decreased flexion. She is unable to ...
Meningitis - Boston Public Health Commission
Meningitis - Boston Public Health Commission

... What is meningitis? Meningitis is an irritation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused by different types of infection, but can also be caused by other things. What causes meningitis? Meningitis may develop in response to a number of causes. It can be caused by physical ...
The Global Market for Biomarkers (Cancer Markers, Cardiac Markers, Blood
The Global Market for Biomarkers (Cancer Markers, Cardiac Markers, Blood

... The analysis presented in this report is based on data from a combination of company, government, industry, institutional and private sources. It includes information from extensive literature reviews and discussions with experts in the field, including microbiologists, pathologists, hospital author ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) - UKnowledge
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) - UKnowledge

... The result is that 19 million STDs are acquired in the United States each year, mainly in the 14- to 29-year-old age group; one in six sexually active adolescents (15 to 19 years of age) acquire an STD each year, and one in three persons acquire an STD by age 24 years. Those at the highest risk for ...
Sentinel Surveillance
Sentinel Surveillance

... Role of State Surveillance Officer (SSO) at the State level:  Sanctioned funds (for logistics, manpower and procurement) would be released through the concerned SSO  SSO to monitor the expenditure of the sites  Coordinate activities of the sentinel sites in the state ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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