Lecture 3: Interstellar Dust, Radiative Transfer and Thermal Radiation
... ΔIν 1 = − ρκ ν Iν Δs κν is the opacity (cm2 g-1), a quantity that depends on the incident frequency ν, the relative number of grains and their intrinsic physical properties. 1/ρκν≡ photon mean free path ρκν≡ absorption coefficient (cm-1) The optical depth is defined by: ...
... ΔIν 1 = − ρκ ν Iν Δs κν is the opacity (cm2 g-1), a quantity that depends on the incident frequency ν, the relative number of grains and their intrinsic physical properties. 1/ρκν≡ photon mean free path ρκν≡ absorption coefficient (cm-1) The optical depth is defined by: ...
Word
... a) are neutral and harder to accelerate b) are bigger and need bigger slits c) have smaller wavelengths d) have bigger wavelengths 12) Suppose you want to show your wave-like nature with diffraction as you walk through the doorway. How slowly would you need to move? a) 1035 m/s b) 1015 m/s c) 10-15 ...
... a) are neutral and harder to accelerate b) are bigger and need bigger slits c) have smaller wavelengths d) have bigger wavelengths 12) Suppose you want to show your wave-like nature with diffraction as you walk through the doorway. How slowly would you need to move? a) 1035 m/s b) 1015 m/s c) 10-15 ...
chapter5
... 1. all moving objects have wavelike behavior 2. wavelengths of large objects is unobservable but the wavelengths of small particles like subatomic particles exhibit wavelengths that are easily detectable. 3. Heisenburg uncertainty which applies to very small objects like electrons states: It is impo ...
... 1. all moving objects have wavelike behavior 2. wavelengths of large objects is unobservable but the wavelengths of small particles like subatomic particles exhibit wavelengths that are easily detectable. 3. Heisenburg uncertainty which applies to very small objects like electrons states: It is impo ...
Diapositiva 1
... (1969) used combinations of emission, rotation and dispersion measures. He obtained a model based on cold bubbles with ne≈0,035 cm-3 r ≈ 5 pc sunk in a continuum with ne≈0,004 cm-3 (one every 60 pc); ne/nH≈0,002 (in bubbles) to 0,02 (in continuum). A recent work of Inoue (2005) is based on UV absorp ...
... (1969) used combinations of emission, rotation and dispersion measures. He obtained a model based on cold bubbles with ne≈0,035 cm-3 r ≈ 5 pc sunk in a continuum with ne≈0,004 cm-3 (one every 60 pc); ne/nH≈0,002 (in bubbles) to 0,02 (in continuum). A recent work of Inoue (2005) is based on UV absorp ...
QUANTUM THEORY
... 7. Which one of the following pairs of characteristics of light is best explained by assuming that light can be described in terms of photons? A) Photoelectric effect and the effect observed in Young's experiment B) Diffraction and the formation of atomic spectra C) Polarization and the photoelectri ...
... 7. Which one of the following pairs of characteristics of light is best explained by assuming that light can be described in terms of photons? A) Photoelectric effect and the effect observed in Young's experiment B) Diffraction and the formation of atomic spectra C) Polarization and the photoelectri ...
Presentation Lesson 27 Quantum Physics
... Relative Sizes of Atoms • The radii of the electron orbits in the Bohr’s atomic model are determined by the amount of electric charge in the nucleus • As the positive charge in the nucleus increased, the negative electrons also increased. The inner orbits shrink in size due to stronger electric att ...
... Relative Sizes of Atoms • The radii of the electron orbits in the Bohr’s atomic model are determined by the amount of electric charge in the nucleus • As the positive charge in the nucleus increased, the negative electrons also increased. The inner orbits shrink in size due to stronger electric att ...
50 Forgotten Facts
... 39) In Le Chatelier’s Principle, if a system is at equilibrium, if something is added, then the equilibrium will shift away from the side it is on. If something is removed, then the equilibrium will shift towards that side. After the shift, whatever is being shifted towards will increase in concentr ...
... 39) In Le Chatelier’s Principle, if a system is at equilibrium, if something is added, then the equilibrium will shift away from the side it is on. If something is removed, then the equilibrium will shift towards that side. After the shift, whatever is being shifted towards will increase in concentr ...
Quantum Theory of the Atom
... Elements we know, have certain abilities to form chemical bonds. The number of bonds is based on the number of “valence” electrons for that element (the electrons in the outermost shell or orbital). We can illustrate this for each element by drawing what is called an “electron dot diagram”. The ...
... Elements we know, have certain abilities to form chemical bonds. The number of bonds is based on the number of “valence” electrons for that element (the electrons in the outermost shell or orbital). We can illustrate this for each element by drawing what is called an “electron dot diagram”. The ...
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
... (b) Because H3AsO4 is arsenic acid, the AsO43− is named arsenate. The H2AsO4− anion is formed by adding two H+ ions to AsO43−, so H2AsO4− is called dihydrogen arsenate. (c) The parent acid is H2SeO3. Because the acid has one fewer O atom than selenic acid (H2SeO4), it is called selenous acid. Theref ...
... (b) Because H3AsO4 is arsenic acid, the AsO43− is named arsenate. The H2AsO4− anion is formed by adding two H+ ions to AsO43−, so H2AsO4− is called dihydrogen arsenate. (c) The parent acid is H2SeO3. Because the acid has one fewer O atom than selenic acid (H2SeO4), it is called selenous acid. Theref ...
Document
... • Compare the wave and particle natures of light. • Define a quantum of energy, and explain how it is related to an energy change of matter. • Contrast continuous electromagnetic spectra and atomic emission spectra. radiation: the rays and particles —alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays—t ...
... • Compare the wave and particle natures of light. • Define a quantum of energy, and explain how it is related to an energy change of matter. • Contrast continuous electromagnetic spectra and atomic emission spectra. radiation: the rays and particles —alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays—t ...
The Transfer of Radiation вб дже диз дж ¡ бгабдиз ¡ бдиз
... It follows that the photon mean free path ...
... It follows that the photon mean free path ...
Chapter 2 - UCF Chemistry
... position (x,y,z) and momentum (mv) of an electron (or any other small particle). • Consequently, we must speak of the electrons’ positions about the atom in terms of probability functions, i.e., wave equation written for each electron. • These probability functions are represented as orbitals in qua ...
... position (x,y,z) and momentum (mv) of an electron (or any other small particle). • Consequently, we must speak of the electrons’ positions about the atom in terms of probability functions, i.e., wave equation written for each electron. • These probability functions are represented as orbitals in qua ...
claf-05
... average energy deposition, the probability distribution is described by a Landau distribution . Other functions are ofter used : Vavilov, Bichsel etc. In general these a skewed distributions tending towards a Gaussian when the energy loss becomes large (thick absorbers). One can use the ratio betwee ...
... average energy deposition, the probability distribution is described by a Landau distribution . Other functions are ofter used : Vavilov, Bichsel etc. In general these a skewed distributions tending towards a Gaussian when the energy loss becomes large (thick absorbers). One can use the ratio betwee ...
Chapter 2 - UCF Chemistry
... position (x,y,z) and momentum (mv) of an electron (or any other small particle). • Consequently, we must speak of the electrons’ positions about the atom in terms of probability functions, i.e., wave equation written for each electron. • These probability functions are represented as orbitals in qua ...
... position (x,y,z) and momentum (mv) of an electron (or any other small particle). • Consequently, we must speak of the electrons’ positions about the atom in terms of probability functions, i.e., wave equation written for each electron. • These probability functions are represented as orbitals in qua ...
From:
... be unstable and can transform into a more stable nucleus in a process known as beta decay. For a nucleus with an excess of neutrons the beta decay process can be represented schematically as: n p + e- + . Inside the nucleus, a neutron changes into a proton; in addition, two particles are emitted ...
... be unstable and can transform into a more stable nucleus in a process known as beta decay. For a nucleus with an excess of neutrons the beta decay process can be represented schematically as: n p + e- + . Inside the nucleus, a neutron changes into a proton; in addition, two particles are emitted ...
Einstein in 1916:" On the Quantum Theory of Radiation"
... the nature of radiation from the Planck distribution is his paper “On the Quantum Theory of Radiation” of 1916 [1].1 In the first part he gives a derivation of Planck’s formula which has become part of many textbooks on quantum theory. This part of the paper is now considered as the theoretical foun ...
... the nature of radiation from the Planck distribution is his paper “On the Quantum Theory of Radiation” of 1916 [1].1 In the first part he gives a derivation of Planck’s formula which has become part of many textbooks on quantum theory. This part of the paper is now considered as the theoretical foun ...
Bremsstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁɛmsˌʃtʁaːlʊŋ], from bremsen ""to brake"" and Strahlung ""radiation"", i.e. ""braking radiation"" or ""deceleration radiation"") is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into a photon, thus satisfying the law of conservation of energy. The term is also used to refer to the process of producing the radiation. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum, which becomes more intense and whose peak intensity shifts toward higher frequencies as the change of the energy of the accelerated particles increases.Strictly speaking, braking radiation is any radiation due to the acceleration of a charged particle, which includes synchrotron radiation, cyclotron radiation, and the emission of electrons and positrons during beta decay. However, the term is frequently used in the more narrow sense of radiation from electrons (from whatever source) slowing in matter.Bremsstrahlung emitted from plasma is sometimes referred to as free/free radiation. This refers to the fact that the radiation in this case is created by charged particles that are free both before and after the deflection (acceleration) that caused the emission.